抢购、秒杀是如今很常见的一个应用场景,主要需要解决的问题有两个:
1 高并发对数据库产生的压力
2 竞争状态下如何解决库存的正确减少("超卖"问题)
对于第一个问题,已经很容易想到用缓存来处理抢购,避免直接操作数据库,例如使用Redis。
重点在于第二个问题
常规写法:
查询出对应商品的库存,看是否大于0,然后执行生成订单等操作,但是在判断库存是否大于0处,如果在高并发下就会有问题,导致库存量出现负数
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<?php
$conn =mysql_connect( "localhost" , "big" , "123456" );
if (! $conn ){
echo "connect failed" ;
exit ;
}
mysql_select_db( "big" , $conn );
mysql_query( "set names utf8" );
$price =10;
$user_id =1;
$goods_id =1;
$sku_id =11;
$number =1;
//生成唯一订单
function build_order_no(){
return date ( 'ymd' ). substr (implode(NULL, array_map ( 'ord' , str_split ( substr (uniqid(), 7, 13), 1))), 0, 8);
}
//记录日志
function insertLog( $event , $type =0){
global $conn ;
$sql ="insert into ih_log(event,type)
values( '$event' , '$type' )";
mysql_query( $sql , $conn );
}
//模拟下单操作
//库存是否大于0
$sql = "select number from ih_store where goods_id='$goods_id' and sku_id='$sku_id'" ; //解锁 此时ih_store数据中goods_id='$goods_id' and sku_id='$sku_id' 的数据被锁住(注3),其它事务必须等待此次事务 提交后才能执行
$rs =mysql_query( $sql , $conn );
$row =mysql_fetch_assoc( $rs );
if ( $row [ 'number' ]>0){ //高并发下会导致超卖
$order_sn =build_order_no();
//生成订单
$sql ="insert into ih_order(order_sn,user_id,goods_id,sku_id,price)
values( '$order_sn' , '$user_id' , '$goods_id' , '$sku_id' , '$price' )";
$order_rs =mysql_query( $sql , $conn );
//库存减少
$sql = "update ih_store set number=number-{$number} where sku_id='$sku_id'" ;
$store_rs =mysql_query( $sql , $conn );
if (mysql_affected_rows()){
insertLog( '库存减少成功' );
} else {
insertLog( '库存减少失败' );
}
} else {
insertLog( '库存不够' );
}
?>
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优化方案1:将库存字段number字段设为unsigned,当库存为0时,因为字段不能为负数,将会返回false
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//库存减少
$sql = "update ih_store set number=number-{$number} where sku_id='$sku_id' and number>0" ;
$store_rs =mysql_query( $sql , $conn );
if (mysql_affected_rows()){
insertLog( '库存减少成功' );
}
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优化方案2:使用MySQL的事务,锁住操作的行
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<?php
$conn =mysql_connect( "localhost" , "big" , "123456" );
if (! $conn ){
echo "connect failed" ;
exit ;
}
mysql_select_db( "big" , $conn );
mysql_query( "set names utf8" );
$price =10;
$user_id =1;
$goods_id =1;
$sku_id =11;
$number =1;
//生成唯一订单号
function build_order_no(){
return date ( 'ymd' ). substr (implode(NULL, array_map ( 'ord' , str_split ( substr (uniqid(), 7, 13), 1))), 0, 8);
}
//记录日志
function insertLog( $event , $type =0){
global $conn ;
$sql ="insert into ih_log(event,type)
values( '$event' , '$type' )";
mysql_query( $sql , $conn );
}
//模拟下单操作
//库存是否大于0
mysql_query( "BEGIN" ); //开始事务
$sql = "select number from ih_store where goods_id='$goods_id' and sku_id='$sku_id' FOR UPDATE" ; //此时这条记录被锁住,其它事务必须等待此次事务提交后才能执行
$rs =mysql_query( $sql , $conn );
$row =mysql_fetch_assoc( $rs );
if ( $row [ 'number' ]>0){
//生成订单
$order_sn =build_order_no();
$sql ="insert into ih_order(order_sn,user_id,goods_id,sku_id,price)
values( '$order_sn' , '$user_id' , '$goods_id' , '$sku_id' , '$price' )";
$order_rs =mysql_query( $sql , $conn );
//库存减少
$sql = "update ih_store set number=number-{$number} where sku_id='$sku_id'" ;
$store_rs =mysql_query( $sql , $conn );
if (mysql_affected_rows()){
insertLog( '库存减少成功' );
mysql_query( "COMMIT" ); //事务提交即解锁
} else {
insertLog( '库存减少失败' );
}
} else {
insertLog( '库存不够' );
mysql_query( "ROLLBACK" );
}
?>
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优化方案3:使用非阻塞的文件排他锁
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<?php
$conn =mysql_connect( "localhost" , "root" , "123456" );
if (! $conn ){
echo "connect failed" ;
exit ;
}
mysql_select_db( "big-bak" , $conn );
mysql_query( "set names utf8" );
$price =10;
$user_id =1;
$goods_id =1;
$sku_id =11;
$number =1;
//生成唯一订单号
function build_order_no(){
return date ( 'ymd' ). substr (implode(NULL, array_map ( 'ord' , str_split ( substr (uniqid(), 7, 13), 1))), 0, 8);
}
//记录日志
function insertLog( $event , $type =0){
global $conn ;
$sql ="insert into ih_log(event,type)
values( '$event' , '$type' )";
mysql_query( $sql , $conn );
}
$fp = fopen ( "lock.txt" , "w+" );
if (! flock ( $fp ,LOCK_EX | LOCK_NB)){
echo "系统繁忙,请稍后再试" ;
return ;
}
//下单
$sql = "select number from ih_store where goods_id='$goods_id' and sku_id='$sku_id'" ;
$rs =mysql_query( $sql , $conn );
$row =mysql_fetch_assoc( $rs );
if ( $row [ 'number' ]>0){ //库存是否大于0
//模拟下单操作
$order_sn =build_order_no();
$sql ="insert into ih_order(order_sn,user_id,goods_id,sku_id,price)
values( '$order_sn' , '$user_id' , '$goods_id' , '$sku_id' , '$price' )";
$order_rs =mysql_query( $sql , $conn );
//库存减少
$sql = "update ih_store set number=number-{$number} where sku_id='$sku_id'" ;
$store_rs =mysql_query( $sql , $conn );
if (mysql_affected_rows()){
insertLog( '库存减少成功' );
flock ( $fp ,LOCK_UN); //释放锁
} else {
insertLog( '库存减少失败' );
}
} else {
insertLog( '库存不够' );
}
fclose( $fp );
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优化方案4:使用redis队列,因为pop操作是原子的,即使有很多用户同时到达,也是依次执行,推荐使用(mysql事务在高并发下性能下降很厉害,文件锁的方式也是)
先将商品库存如队列
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<?php
$store =1000;
$redis = new Redis();
$result = $redis ->connect( '127.0.0.1' ,6379);
$res = $redis ->llen( 'goods_store' );
echo $res ;
$count = $store - $res ;
for ( $i =0; $i < $count ; $i ++){
$redis ->lpush( 'goods_store' ,1);
}
echo $redis ->llen( 'goods_store' );
?>
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抢购、描述逻辑
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<?php
$conn =mysql_connect( "localhost" , "big" , "123456" );
if (! $conn ){
echo "connect failed" ;
exit ;
}
mysql_select_db( "big" , $conn );
mysql_query( "set names utf8" );
$price =10;
$user_id =1;
$goods_id =1;
$sku_id =11;
$number =1;
//生成唯一订单号
function build_order_no(){
return date ( 'ymd' ). substr (implode(NULL, array_map ( 'ord' , str_split ( substr (uniqid(), 7, 13), 1))), 0, 8);
}
//记录日志
function insertLog( $event , $type =0){
global $conn ;
$sql ="insert into ih_log(event,type)
values( '$event' , '$type' )";
mysql_query( $sql , $conn );
}
//模拟下单操作
//下单前判断redis队列库存量
$redis = new Redis();
$result = $redis ->connect( '127.0.0.1' ,6379);
$count = $redis ->lpop( 'goods_store' );
if (! $count ){
insertLog( 'error:no store redis' );
return ;
}
//生成订单
$order_sn =build_order_no();
$sql ="insert into ih_order(order_sn,user_id,goods_id,sku_id,price)
values( '$order_sn' , '$user_id' , '$goods_id' , '$sku_id' , '$price' )";
$order_rs =mysql_query( $sql , $conn );
//库存减少
$sql = "update ih_store set number=number-{$number} where sku_id='$sku_id'" ;
$store_rs =mysql_query( $sql , $conn );
if (mysql_affected_rows()){
insertLog( '库存减少成功' );
} else {
insertLog( '库存减少失败' );
}
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模拟5000高并发测试
webbench -c 5000 -t 60 http://192.168.1.198/big/index.php
ab -r -n 6000 -c 5000 http://192.168.1.198/big/index.php
上述只是简单模拟高并发下的抢购,真实场景要比这复杂很多,很多注意的地方
如抢购页面做成静态的,通过ajax调用接口
再如上面的会导致一个用户抢多个,思路:
需要一个排队队列和抢购结果队列及库存队列。高并发情况,先将用户进入排队队列,用一个线程循环处理从排队队列取出一个用户,判断用户是否已在抢购结果队列,如果在,则已抢购,否则未抢购,库存减1,写数据库,将用户入结果队列。
测试数据表
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--
-- 数据库: `big`
--
-- --------------------------------------------------------
--
-- 表的结构 `ih_goods`
--
CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS `ih_goods` (
`goods_id` int(10) unsigned NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
`cat_id` int(11) NOT NULL,
`goods_name` varchar(255) NOT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (`goods_id`)
) ENGINE=MyISAM DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8 AUTO_INCREMENT=2 ;
--
-- 转存表中的数据 `ih_goods`
--
INSERT INTO `ih_goods` (`goods_id`, `cat_id`, `goods_name`) VALUES
(1, 0, '小米手机' );
-- --------------------------------------------------------
--
-- 表的结构 `ih_log`
--
CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS `ih_log` (
`id` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
`event` varchar(255) NOT NULL,
`type` tinyint(4) NOT NULL DEFAULT '0' ,
`addtime` timestamp NOT NULL DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP,
PRIMARY KEY (`id`)
) ENGINE=MyISAM DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8 AUTO_INCREMENT=1 ;
--
-- 转存表中的数据 `ih_log`
--
-- --------------------------------------------------------
--
-- 表的结构 `ih_order`
--
CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS `ih_order` (
`id` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
`order_sn` char(32) NOT NULL,
`user_id` int(11) NOT NULL,
`status` int(11) NOT NULL DEFAULT '0' ,
`goods_id` int(11) NOT NULL DEFAULT '0' ,
`sku_id` int(11) NOT NULL DEFAULT '0' ,
`price` float NOT NULL,
`addtime` timestamp NOT NULL DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP,
PRIMARY KEY (`id`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8 COMMENT= '订单表' AUTO_INCREMENT=1 ;
--
-- 转存表中的数据 `ih_order`
--
-- --------------------------------------------------------
--
-- 表的结构 `ih_store`
--
CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS `ih_store` (
`id` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
`goods_id` int(11) NOT NULL,
`sku_id` int(10) unsigned NOT NULL DEFAULT '0' ,
`number` int(10) NOT NULL DEFAULT '0' ,
`freez` int(11) NOT NULL DEFAULT '0' COMMENT '虚拟库存' ,
PRIMARY KEY (`id`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8 COMMENT= '库存' AUTO_INCREMENT=2 ;
--
-- 转存表中的数据 `ih_store`
--
INSERT INTO `ih_store` (`id`, `goods_id`, `sku_id`, `number`, `freez`) VALUES
(1, 1, 11, 500, 0);
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以上就是小编为大家带来的php结合redis实现高并发下的抢购、秒杀功能的实例全部内容了,希望大家多多支持服务器之家~