1.JWT定义
JWT(Json Web Token)是一种用于双方之间传递安全信息的简洁的、URL安全的表述性声明规范。JWT作为一个开放的标准( RFC 7519 ),定义了一种简洁的,自包含的方法用于通信双方之间以Json对象的形式安全的传递信息。因为数字签名的存在,这些信息是可信的,JWT可以使用HMAC算法或者是RSA的公私秘钥对进行签名。
2.JWT的组成部分
(1)JWT一般由三段构成,用.号分隔开,第一段是header,第二段是payload,第三段是signature,
例如:
eyJhbGciOiJIUzI1NiIsInR5cCI6IkpXVCJ9.eyJzdWIiOiIxMjM0NTY3ODkwIiwibmFtZSI6IkpvaG4gRG9lIiwiYWRtaW4iOnRydWV9.TJVA95OrM7E2cBab30RMHrHDcEfxjoYZgeFONFh7HgQ
3.Jwt.Net 使用
首先,需要先引入Jwt.Net,可通过nuget的方式添加:Install-Package JWT -Version 2.4.2(自己选择合适的版本)
(1)创建token,此处,我们只需要自定义payload和secrect密钥即可,可生成三段格式的字符串
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var payload = new Dictionary< string , object>
{
{ "claim1", 0 },
{ "claim2", "claim2-value" }
};
var secret = "GQDstcKsx0NHjPOuXOYg5MbeJ1XT0uFiwDVvVBrk";
IJwtAlgorithm algorithm = new HMACSHA256Algorithm();
IJsonSerializer serializer = new JsonNetSerializer();
IBase64UrlEncoder urlEncoder = new JwtBase64UrlEncoder();
IJwtEncoder encoder = new JwtEncoder(algorithm, serializer, urlEncoder);
var token = encoder.Encode(payload, secret);
Console.WriteLine(token);
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(2)token解密,可看到输出为{ "claim1": 0, "claim2": "claim2-value" },可以用json["claim1"],json["claim2"]的方式获取各个值,此处json为IDictionary<string,object>类型token解密,可看到输出为{ "claim1": 0, "claim2": "claim2-value" },可以用json["claim1"],json["claim2"]的方式获取各个值,此处json为IDictionary<string,object>类型
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var token = "eyJ0eXAiOiJKV1QiLCJhbGciOiJIUzI1NiJ9.eyJjbGFpbTEiOjAsImNsYWltMiI6ImNsYWltMi12YWx1ZSJ9.8pwBI_HtXqI3UgQHQ_rDRnSQRxFL1SR8fbQoS-5kM5s";
var secret = "GQDstcKsx0NHjPOuXOYg5MbeJ1XT0uFiwDVvVBrk";
try
{
IJsonSerializer serializer = new JsonNetSerializer();
IDateTimeProvider provider = new UtcDateTimeProvider();
IJwtValidator validator = new JwtValidator(serializer, provider);
IBase64UrlEncoder urlEncoder = new JwtBase64UrlEncoder();
IJwtDecoder decoder = new JwtDecoder(serializer, validator, urlEncoder);
var json = decoder.Decode(token, secret, verify: true);
Console.WriteLine(json);
}
catch (TokenExpiredException)
{
Console.WriteLine("Token has expired");
}
catch (SignatureVerificationException)
{
Console.WriteLine("Token has invalid signature");
}
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(3)添加过期时间,过期时间即这个时间之后JWT不接受处理,时间的有效值为某一时刻和1970/1/1 00:00:00 相差的秒数
下面的例子是当前时间到1970/1/1 00:00:00 的秒数,即过期时间为当前时间。如果设置为当前时间+10秒,可添加secondsSinceEpoch=secondsSinceEpoch+10
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IDateTimeProvider provider = new UtcDateTimeProvider();
var now = provider.GetNow();
var unixEpoch = new DateTime(1970, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, DateTimeKind.Utc); // or use JwtValidator.UnixEpoch
var secondsSinceEpoch = Math.Round((now - unixEpoch).TotalSeconds);
var payload = new Dictionary< string , object>
{
{ "exp", secondsSinceEpoch }
};
var secret = "GQDstcKsx0NHjPOuXOYg5MbeJ1XT0uFiwDVvVBrk";
var token = encoder.Encode(payload, secret);
var json = decoder.Decode(token, secret); // TokenExpiredException
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(4)也可自定义json解析器,只要继承IJsonSerializer接口
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public class CustomJsonSerializer : IJsonSerializer
{
public string Serialize(object obj)
{
// Implement using favorite JSON Serializer
}
public T Deserialize< T >(string json)
{
// Implement using favorite JSON Serializer
}
}
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使用该解析器
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IJwtAlgorithm algorithm = new HMACSHA256Algorithm();
IJsonSerializer serializer = new CustomJsonSerializer();
IBase64UrlEncoder urlEncoder = new JwtBase64UrlEncoder();
IJwtEncoder encoder = new JwtEncoder(algorithm, serializer, urlEncoder);
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以上这篇JWT.net 操作实践方法就是小编分享给大家的全部内容了,希望能给大家一个参考,也希望大家多多支持服务器之家。
原文链接:http://blog.csdn.net/qq_18145031/article/details/78319019?locationNum=7&fps=1