运维自动化之1 - ansible 批量主机管理

时间:2022-01-30 02:04:28

2000 - 2016 年,维护的小型机、linux刚开始的2台增加到上千台,手工检查、日常版本升级需要管理太多设备,必须通过运维自动化实现

特别是版本升级,需要到同类机器部署代码、起停设备,必须在一台主控机上完成代码分发、远程服务起停、服务验证验证

2016年开始使用 pssh ,后改用 ansible ,ansible 配置如下

一、配置ssh免密码登录

#cd /root/.ssh

免交互生成密钥

#echo -e "\n" |ssh-keygen -t rsa -N ""

发送锁头给 web1机器

#ssh-copy-id -i /root/.ssh/id_rsa.pub root@web1 ,如下

[root@fox .ssh]# ssh-copy-id -i /root/.ssh/id_rsa.pub root@web1
The authenticity of host 'web1 (192.168.80.131)' can't be established.
RSA key fingerprint is 9c:c0:e2:2b:6f:88:c8:b1:25:47:f6:4b:fa:8f:cd:00.
Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)? yes
Warning: Permanently added 'web1,192.168.80.131' (RSA) to the list of known hosts.
root@web1's password:

[root@fox ~]# sed -i 's#fox#web01#g' /etc/sysconfig/network
[root@fox ~]# more /etc/sysconfig/network

注:如果机器不同,需要自动应答时,可采用 expect 软件实现 ,expect 用法查见

https://www.cnblogs.com/yangmingxianshen/p/7967040.html

二、安装ansible

1. Master端安装EPEL第三方yum源
# rpm -Uvh http://ftp.linux.ncsu.edu/pub/epel/6/i386/epel-release-6-8.noarch.rpm
2.安装Ansible
# yum install ansible -y
出现 Error: Cannot retrieve metalink for repository: epel. Please verify its path and try again
解决方法: 一句话:把/etc/yum.repos.d/epel.repo,文件第3行注释去掉,把第四行注释掉。
打开/etc/yum.repos.d/epel.repo,将
[epel]
name=Extra Packages for Enterprise Linux 6 - $basearch
#baseurl=http://download.fedoraproject.org/pub/epel/6/$basearch
mirrorlist=https://mirrors.fedoraproject.org/metalink?repo=epel-6&arch=$basearch
修改为
[epel]
name=Extra Packages for Enterprise Linux 6 - $basearch
baseurl=http://download.fedoraproject.org/pub/epel/6/$basearch
#mirrorlist=https://mirrors.fedoraproject.org/metalink?repo=epel-6&arch=$basearch
3。再清理源,重新安装
yum clean all
这一次安装成功
# yum install ansible -y

注:问题解决参考了https://www.cnblogs.com/dadong616/p/5062727.html

三、ansible 使用

1.远程命令模块   command: 执行远程主机SHELL命令 (这是在远程机器上执行命令)

# ansible webservers -m command -a "free -m"

2.script: 远程执行MASTER本地SHELL脚本.(类似scp+shell) 注意,这个脚本要放在 MASTER ,很实用的命令

#echo "hostname" > /tmp/test1.sh
#chmod 700 /tmp/test1.sh

# ansible web -m script -a "/tmp/test1.sh"

web1 | SUCCESS => {
"changed": true,
"rc": 0,
"stderr": "Shared connection to web1 closed.\r\n",
"stderr_lines": [
"Shared connection to web1 closed."
],
"stdout": "web01\r\n",
"stdout_lines": [
"web01"
]
}

其他模块和用法,详见 https://www.cnblogs.com/cheyunhua/p/8151603.html

总结:

1.工具使用提高效率

2 脚本整理好,随时使用

3 用于日常版本升级,一键部署环境、快速定位诊断等场合