一对一:
一对一的关系极为一个数据仅对应一个数据,用下图的结构图可以帮助理解:
下面用代码实现一下,首先要创建工程项目如下:
接着,我们定义模型:
来到models.py
文件,创建两个模型:
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from django.db import models
# Create your models here.
class One(models.Model):
oname = models.CharField(max_length = 20 ,null = True )
oage = models.CharField(max_length = 20 ,null = True )
odate = models.DateField(null = True )
class Two(models.Model):
# 设置一对一关系,是通过将表中的字段设置为主键完成的
# on_delete=models.CASCADE 当父表中的某一条数据删除的时候
# 相关字表中的数据也会被删除
tsub = models.OneToOneField(One,on_delete = models.CASCADE,primary_key = True )
tfond = models.CharField(max_length = 20 ,null = True )
tdes = models.CharField(max_length = 200 ,null = True )
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来到myPro
文件夹下添加以下两句代码:
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import pymysql
pymysql.install_as_MySQLdb()
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下面可以迁移文件:
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python manage.py makemigrations
python manage.py migrate
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这样我们就创建了两个表:
来到views.py
文件中添加数据,代码如下:
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from django.shortcuts import render
from .models import One,Two
# Create your views here.
def index(request):
o1 = One.objects.create(oname = '张三' ,oage = 11 ,odate = '2011-11-11' )
o2 = One.objects.create(oname = '张三2' ,oage = 12 ,odate = '2012-12-12' )
t1 = Two.objects.create(tsub = o1,tfond = 'o1' ,tdes = '我喜欢o1' )
t2 = Two.objects.create(tsub = o2,tfond = 'o2' ,tdes = '我喜欢o2' )
return render(request, 'index.html' )
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运行之后,将添加数据的代码注释掉,否则后面每运行一次都会添加。
下面,我们通过查询数据来甄别其中的关系。
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def select(request):
t1 = Two.objects.get(tsub__oname = '张三' )
return render(request, 'index.html' ,{ 't1' :t1})
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一对多
即一个对象对应着对个对象。
创建模型代码:
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from django.db import models
# Create your models here.
class People(models.Model):
name = models.CharField(max_length = 50 )
card_num = models.IntegerField(default = 0 )
class Card(models.Model):
number = models.CharField(max_length = 20 )
person = models.ForeignKey(People,on_delete = models.CASCADE)
source = models.CharField(max_length = 50 )
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urls.py
路由设置:
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from django.contrib import admin
from django.urls import path
from myApp import views
urlpatterns = [
path( 'admin/' , admin.site.urls),
path( 'add/' ,views.add),
path( 'select/' ,views.select),
]
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views.py
文件中代码:
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from django.shortcuts import render
from .models import People,Card
from django.http import HttpResponse
# Create your views here.
# 添加数据
def add(request):
# p1 = People.objects.create(name='小王',card_num = 4)
# p2 = People.objects.create(name='老王', card_num=40)
#
# c1 = Card(number='101',source = '中国银行',person = p1)
# c2 = Card(number='102', source='中国农行', person=p1)
# c3 = Card(number='110', source='中国建行', person=p1)
# c1.save()
# c2.save()
# c3.save()
#
# c4 = Card(number='201', source='河南郑州美容美发', person=p2)
# c5 = Card(number='202', source='郑州交通一卡通', person=p2)
# c6 = Card(number='203', source='郑州逍遥镇胡辣汤', person=p2)
# c7 = Card(number='204', source='郑州惠济四附院', person=p2)
#
# c4.save()
# c5.save()
# c6.save()
# c7.save()
return HttpResponse( '添加成功' )
def select(request):
# 查找number=203的人
c1 = Card.objects.get(number = '203' )
print (c1.person.name)
# 查找id为3对应的人
c2 = Card.objects.get( id = 3 )
print (c2.person.name)
# 查找c2的所有卡
result = c2.person.card_set. all ()
print (result)
for res in result:
print (res.source)
# 查找名字为老王的所有卡种
result = People.objects.get(name = '老王' )
for card in result.card_set. all ():
print (card.source)
return HttpResponse( '查询成功' )
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多对多
即多个对象对应对个对象,类似公交车坐车,人可以坐多个公交车,公交车也可以载不同的人。
创建模型代码如下:
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from django.db import models
# Create your models here.
class Publication(models.Model):
pname = models.CharField(max_length = 200 )
paddress = models.CharField(max_length = 200 )
class Book(models.Model):
bname = models.CharField(max_length = 200 )
bauthor = models.CharField(max_length = 200 )
publication = models.ManyToManyField(Publication)
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视图文件views.py
文件代码如下:
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from django.shortcuts import render
from .models import Publication,Book
from django.http import HttpResponse
# Create your views here.
def add(request):
# p1 = Publication(pname='大象出版社',paddress='河南',)
# p2 = Publication(pname='北京出版社',paddress='北京')
# p3 = Publication(pname='清华出版社',paddress='河北')
# p1.save()
# p2.save()
# p3.save()
#
# b1 = Book(bname='海底两万里',bauthor='赵四')
# b2 = Book(bname='遮天',bauthor='辰东')
# b3 = Book(bname='童年', bauthor='xxxx')
# b4 = Book(bname='在人间', bauthor='yyyy')
# b5 = Book(bname='我的大学', bauthor='张飞')
# b6 = Book(bname='汤姆索亚历险记', bauthor='赵六儿')
# b1.save()
# b2.save()
# b3.save()
# b4.save()
# b5.save()
# b6.save()
#
# b1.publication.add(p1,p2,p3)
# b2.publication.add(p1,p2)
# b3.publication.add(p1,p3)
# b4.publication.add(p2,p3)
# b5.publication.add(p3)
# 多对多关系,两个表不直接产生联系,而是将两个表之间的关系记录在中间表上
# 中间表不需要创建,会自动生成
return HttpResponse( '添加成功' )
def select(request):
# 通过书籍查找对应的出版社
b1 = Book.objects.get(bname = '童年' )
# 获取出版童年的所有出版社
b1_publication = b1.publication. all ()
for pub in b1_publication:
print (pub.pname)
print (pub.paddress)
p1 = Publication.objects.get(pname = '清华出版社' )
all_book = p1.book_set. all ()
print ( '------------------' )
for book in all_book:
print (book.bname)
print (book.bauthor)
return HttpResponse( '查找成功' )
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这样,就介绍完了。
总结
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原文链接:https://blog.csdn.net/qq_39138295/article/details/82631678