[js高手之路] html5 canvas系列教程 - 掌握画直线图形的常用API

时间:2021-11-06 17:27:59

我们接着上文[js高手之路] html5 canvas系列教程 - 认识canvas以及基本使用方法继续.

一、直线的绘制

cxt.moveTo( x1, y1 ): 将画笔移动到x1, y1这个点

cxt.lineTo( x2, y2 ):将画笔从起点开始画直线,一直画到终点坐标( x2, y2 )

cxt.stroke();用画笔连线,moveTo,lineTo并不会产生实际的线条

x1,y1,x2,y2是点的坐标,canvas的坐标原点在canvas的左上角.

画一根直线:

 <style>
body {
background:#000;
}
#canvas {
background:white;
}
</style>
<script>
window.onload = function(){
var oCanvas = document.querySelector( "#canvas" ),
oGc = oCanvas.getContext( '2d' );
oGc.moveTo( 50, 50 );
oGc.lineTo( 250, 50 );
oGc.stroke();
}
</script>
</head>
<body>
<canvas id="canvas"></canvas>
</body>

如果把stroke注释了,是不会出现线条的,stoke的作用就是用来将点连起来

通过2个实例来区分,moveTo与lineTo的区别

 <style>
body {
background:#000;
}
#canvas {
background:white;
}
</style>
<script>
window.onload = function(){
var oCanvas = document.querySelector( "#canvas" ),
oGc = oCanvas.getContext( '2d' );
oGc.moveTo( 50, 50 );
oGc.lineTo( 250, 50 );
oGc.moveTo( 50, 200 );
oGc.lineTo( 250, 200 );
oGc.stroke(); oGc.moveTo( 300, 50 );
oGc.lineTo( 500, 50 );
oGc.lineTo( 300, 200 );
oGc.lineTo( 500, 200 );
oGc.stroke();
}
</script>
</head>
<body>
<canvas id="canvas" width="600" height="400"></canvas>
</body>

[js高手之路] html5 canvas系列教程 - 掌握画直线图形的常用API

左右两边的线形图,代码就一点区别,左边图形是第二个点用了lineTo, 第三个点用了moveTo, 右边图形第二个点用了lineTo,第三个点还是lineTo,从图中你应该能感受到这两个方法的区别吧?

 画三角形

 <style>
body {
background:#000;
}
#canvas {
background:white;
}
</style>
<script>
window.onload = function(){
var oCanvas = document.querySelector( "#canvas" ),
oGc = oCanvas.getContext( '2d' ); oGc.moveTo( 50, 50 );
oGc.lineTo( 450, 50 );
oGc.lineTo( 450, 300 );
oGc.lineTo( 50, 50 );
oGc.stroke();
}
</script>
</head>
<body>
<canvas id="canvas" width="600" height="400"></canvas>
</body>

[js高手之路] html5 canvas系列教程 - 掌握画直线图形的常用API

把上面的代码,稍微修改下,就能画出一个矩形了

 <style>
body {
background:#000;
}
#canvas {
background:white;
}
</style>
<script>
window.onload = function(){
var oCanvas = document.querySelector( "#canvas" ),
oGc = oCanvas.getContext( '2d' ); oGc.moveTo( 50, 50 );
oGc.lineTo( 450, 50 );
oGc.lineTo( 450, 300 );
oGc.lineTo( 50, 300 );
oGc.lineTo( 50, 50 );
oGc.stroke();
}
</script>
</head>
<body>
<canvas id="canvas" width="600" height="400"></canvas>
</body>

[js高手之路] html5 canvas系列教程 - 掌握画直线图形的常用API

二,canvas提供了画矩形的API

通过线条我们也能拼接出一个矩形,但是代码太多,每个点都要把握,显得比较麻烦,canvas为我们提供了画矩形的API,有两种,一种是描边矩形,一种是填充矩形.

cxt.strokeStyle = 属性值

cxt.strokeRect( x, y, width, height )

strokeStyle后面的属性是为了修饰线条的,主要包括( 颜色值,渐变色,图案 ),颜色支持英文单词,十六进制,RGB, RGBA格式的颜色设置.

strokeRect: x, y为矩形的左上角坐标,width和height为矩形的宽度和高度

     <script>
window.onload = function(){
var oCanvas = document.querySelector( "#canvas" ),
oGc = oCanvas.getContext( '2d' ); oGc.strokeStyle = '#09f';
oGc.strokeRect( 50, 50, 500, 300 );
}
</script>
</head>
<body>
<canvas id="canvas" width="600" height="400"></canvas>
</body>

[js高手之路] html5 canvas系列教程 - 掌握画直线图形的常用API

注意:oGc.strokeStyle = '#09f'; 如果把这句代码放在oGc.strokeRect( 50, 50, 500, 300 );的后面,那么设置的线条样式将不会生效,strokeStyle一定要在画图之前设置,否则是不会应用到的

 填充矩形API

cxt.fillStyle = 属性值;

cxt.fillRect( x, y, width, height );

跟上面是一样的,只是把stoke换成了fill,fill就是填充的意思

画一个带有透明度的矩形:

 <script>
window.onload = function(){
var oCanvas = document.querySelector( "#canvas" ),
oGc = oCanvas.getContext( '2d' ); oGc.fillStyle = 'rgba( 255, 0, 0, 0.3 )';
oGc.fillRect( 50, 50, 500, 300 );
}
</script>
</head>
<body>
<canvas id="canvas" width="600" height="400"></canvas>
</body>

[js高手之路] html5 canvas系列教程 - 掌握画直线图形的常用API

另一种绘制矩形的API:cxt.rect( x, y, width, height );

他与strokeRect和fillRect有什么区别呢?

1,共同点:参数的意思相同

2,不同点,调用strokeRect和fillRect会立即绘制出矩形,而rect并不会,他需要调用stoke()或者fill()方法,才能把矩形绘制出来

 <script>
window.onload = function(){
var oCanvas = document.querySelector( "#canvas" ),
oGc = oCanvas.getContext( '2d' ); oGc.fillStyle = 'rgba( 255, 0, 0, 0.3 )';
oGc.rect( 50, 50, 500, 300 );
// oGc.stroke();
oGc.fill();
}
</script>
</head>
<body>
<canvas id="canvas" width="600" height="400"></canvas>
</body>

清空矩形API:cxt.clearRect( x, y, width, height ); 参数跟strokeRect,fillRect意思一样

 <script>
window.onload = function(){
var oCanvas = document.querySelector( "#canvas" ),
oGc = oCanvas.getContext( '2d' ); oGc.fillStyle = 'rgba( 255, 0, 0, 0.3 )';
oGc.fillRect( 50, 50, 500, 300 ); oGc.clearRect( 100, 100, 200, 200 );
}
</script>
</head>
<body>
<canvas id="canvas" width="600" height="400"></canvas>
</body>

[js高手之路] html5 canvas系列教程 - 掌握画直线图形的常用API

用fillRect和clearRect画一个加号,当然你可以用moveTo和lineTo,不过代码应该比这种方法多了不少.

 <script>
window.onload = function(){
var oCanvas = document.querySelector( "#canvas" ),
oGc = oCanvas.getContext( '2d' ); oGc.fillStyle = 'rgba( 255, 0, 0, 0.3 )';
oGc.fillRect( 100, 100, 200, 200 );
oGc.clearRect( 100, 100, 50, 50 );
oGc.clearRect( 250, 100, 50, 50 );
oGc.clearRect( 250, 250, 50, 50 );
oGc.clearRect( 100, 250, 50, 50 );
}
</script>
</head>
<body>
<canvas id="canvas" width="400" height="400"></canvas>
</body>

[js高手之路] html5 canvas系列教程 - 掌握画直线图形的常用API

绘制一个调色板:

 <style>
body {
background:#000;
}
#canvas {
background:white;
}
</style>
<script>
window.onload = function(){
var oCanvas = document.querySelector( "#canvas" ),
oGc = oCanvas.getContext( '2d' ),
aColor = [ '00', '33', '66', '99', 'cc', 'ff' ],
aMiddle = [ 'ff', 'cc', '99', '66', '33', '00' ], count = 0;
for( var i = 0; i < 12; i++ ){
for( var j = 0; j < 18; j++ ){
count++;
if ( i < 6 && count < 6 && j < 6 )
oGc.fillStyle = `#${aColor[i]}${aMiddle[0]}${aColor[j]}`;
else if( i < 6 && count < 12 && j < 12 )
oGc.fillStyle = `#${aColor[i]}${aMiddle[1]}${aColor[j-6]}`;
else if ( i < 6 && count < 18 && j < 18 )
oGc.fillStyle = `#${aColor[i]}${aMiddle[2]}${aColor[j-12]}`;
else if ( count < 6 && j < 6 )
oGc.fillStyle = `#${aColor[i-6]}${aMiddle[3]}${aColor[j]}`;
else if ( count < 12 && j < 12 )
oGc.fillStyle = `#${aColor[i-6]}${aMiddle[4]}${aColor[j-6]}`;
else if ( count < 18 && j < 18 )
oGc.fillStyle = `#${aColor[i-6]}${aMiddle[5]}${aColor[j-12]}`;
oGc.fillRect( j * 40, i * 40, 40, 40 );
}
count = 0;
}
}
</script>
</head>
<body>
<canvas id="canvas" width="720" height="720"></canvas>
</body>

[js高手之路] html5 canvas系列教程 - 掌握画直线图形的常用API

javascript原生实现调色板:

         var aColor = [ '00', '33', '66', '99', 'cc', 'ff' ],
aMiddle = [ 'ff', 'cc', '99', '66', '33','00' ]; document.write( "<table>" );
for( var i = 0; i < 12; i++ ){
document.write( "<tr>" );
for( var j = 0 ; j < 18; j++ ) {
if ( i < 6 && j < 6 ) //前6行,左6列
document.write( "<td style='background-color:#" + aColor[i]+ aMiddle[0] + aColor[j] + "'>&nbsp;</td>" );
else if ( i < 6 && j < 12 ){ //前6行 中间6列
document.write( "<td style='background-color:#" + aColor[i]+ aMiddle[1] + aColor[j-6] + "'>&nbsp;</td>" );
}else if ( i < 6 && j < 18 ){ //前6行, 后面6列
document.write( "<td style='background-color:#" + aColor[i]+ aMiddle[2] + aColor[j-12] + "'>&nbsp;</td>" );
}else if ( i < 12 && j < 6 ){ //后6行, 左6列
document.write( "<td style='background-color:#" + aColor[i-6]+ aMiddle[3] + aColor[j] + "'>&nbsp;</td>" );
}else if ( i < 12 && j < 12 ){ //后6行, 中6列
document.write( "<td style='background-color:#" + aColor[i-6]+ aMiddle[4] + aColor[j-6] + "'>&nbsp;</td>" );
}else if ( i < 12 && j < 18 ){ //后6行, 后6列
document.write( "<td style='background-color:#" + aColor[i-6]+ aMiddle[5] + aColor[j-12] + "'>&nbsp;</td>" );
}
}
document.write( "</tr>" );
}
document.write( "</table>" );