我们将改变学习路线,不再像 Laravel 4 教程那样先构建登录系统。在本篇教程中,我们将一起构建 Pages 的管理功能,尝试 Laravel 的路由和 PHP 的命名空间。
1. 路由
Laravel 中的路由,跟其他 PHP 框架一样,作用是把各种请求分流到各个控制器。
在 `learnlaravel5/app/Http/routes.php` 的末尾添加以下代码:
Route::group(['prefix' => 'admin', 'namespace' => 'Admin'], function()
{
Route::get('/', 'AdminHomeController@index');
});
这表示创建了一个路由组。
1. `'prefix' => 'admin'` 表示这个路由组的 url 前缀是 /admin,也就是说中间那一行代码 `Route::get('/'` 对应的链接不是 http://fuck.io:88/ 而是 http://fuck.io:88/admin ,如果这段代码是 `Route::get('fuck'` 的话,那么 URL 就应该是 http://fuck.io:88/admin/fuck 。
2. `'namespace' => 'Admin'` 表示下面的 `AdminHomeController@index` 不是在 `\App\Http\Controllers\AdminHomeController@index` 而是在 `\App\Http\Controllers\Admin\AdminHomeController@index`,加上了一个命名空间的前缀。
如果你用过 Laravel 4,会发现 Laravel 5 的命名空间规划比较怪异,这其实是一个非常大的进步。Laravel 4 其实已经全面引入了命名空间这个强大的特性,但是为了“降低学习成本”,把 路由、控制器、模型 的默认命名空间全部设置成了*命名空间,这个举动反而让很多人比较轻易地“上手”了 Laravel,但是在用了一段时间以后,还需要翻越一堵高墙,那就是命名空间,而且有了前面的“容易上手”的印象作为铺垫,后期的学习会更加困难。Laravel 5 把命名空间全部隔开,控制器在 `\App\Http\Controllers`,模型在 `\App`,让我们在刚上手的时候就体验命名空间分离的感觉,总体上其实是会降低学习成本的。
2. 控制器
我们可以使用 Artisan 非常方便地构建控制器:
php artisan make:controller Admin/AdminHomeController
得到 `learnlaravel5/app/Http/Controllers/Admin/AdminHomeController.php` 文件。
在 `class AdminHomeController extends Controller {` 上面增加一行:
use App\Page;
修改 index() 的代码如下:
public function index()
{
return view('AdminHome')->withPages(Page::all());
}
控制器中文文档:http://laravel-china.org/docs/5.0/controllers
控制器中涉及到了许多的命名空间知识,可以参考 PHP 命名空间 解惑。
3. 视图
新建 `learnlaravel5/resources/views/AdminHome.blade.php`:
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@ extends ( 'app' )
@section( 'content' )
<div class = "container" >
<div class = "row" >
<div class = "col-md-10 col-md-offset-1" >
<div class = "panel panel-default" >
<div class = "panel-heading" >后台首页</div>
<div class = "panel-body" >
<a href= "{{ URL('admin/pages/create') }}" class = "btn btn-lg btn-primary" >新增</a>
@ foreach ( $pages as $page )
<hr>
<div class = "page" >
<h4>{{ $page ->title }}</h4>
<div class = "content" >
<p>
{{ $page ->body }}
</p>
</div>
</div>
<a href= "{{ URL('admin/pages/'.$page->id.'/edit') }}" class = "btn btn-success" >编辑</a>
<form action= "{{ URL('admin/pages/'.$page->id) }}" method= "POST" style= "display: inline;" >
<input name= "_method" type= "hidden" value= "DELETE" >
<input type= "hidden" name= "_token" value= "{{ csrf_token() }}" >
<button type= "submit" class = "btn btn-danger" >删除</button>
</form>
@ endforeach
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
@endsection
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视图的基本用法在此不再赘述,请阅读中文文档:http://laravel-china.org/docs/5.0/views
访问 http://fuck.io:88/admin 得到如下页面:
至此,包含 路由 》 控制器 》 模型 》 视图 的整个流程都已经完成。
4. 完成 Pages 管理功能
接下来,我将记录下我实现 Pages 管理功能的过程,不再做过多的阐述。大家有问题可以直接在本文下面留言,我会及时回复。
4.1 修改路由 learnlaravel5/app/Http/routes.php
Route::group(['prefix' => 'admin', 'namespace' => 'Admin'], function()
{
Route::get('/', 'AdminHomeController@index');
Route::resource('pages', 'PagesController');
});
此处增加了一条“资源控制器”,中文文档地址:http://laravel-china.org/docs/5.0/controllers#restful-resource-controllers
4.2 创建 learnlaravel5/app/Http/Controllers/Admin/PagesController.php
运行:
php artisan make:controller Admin/PagesController
4.3 修改 learnlaravel5/app/Http/Controllers/Admin/PagesController.php 为:
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<?php namespace App\Http\Controllers\Admin;
use App\Http\Requests;
use App\Http\Controllers\Controller;
use Illuminate\Http\Request;
use App\Page;
use Redirect, Input, Auth;
class PagesController extends Controller {
/**
* Show the form for creating a new resource.
*
* @return Response
*/
public function create()
{
return view( 'admin.pages.create' );
}
/**
* Store a newly created resource in storage.
*
* @return Response
*/
public function store(Request $request )
{
$this ->validate( $request , [
'title' => 'required|unique:pages|max:255' ,
'body' => 'required' ,
]);
$page = new Page;
$page ->title = Input::get( 'title' );
$page ->body = Input::get( 'body' );
$page ->user_id = 1; //Auth::user()->id;
if ( $page ->save()) {
return Redirect::to( 'admin' );
} else {
return Redirect::back()->withInput()->withErrors( '保存失败!' );
}
}
/**
* Show the form for editing the specified resource.
*
* @param int $id
* @return Response
*/
public function edit( $id )
{
return view( 'admin.pages.edit' )->withPage(Page::find( $id ));
}
/**
* Update the specified resource in storage.
*
* @param int $id
* @return Response
*/
public function update(Request $request , $id )
{
$this ->validate( $request , [
'title' => 'required|unique:pages,title,' . $id . '|max:255' ,
'body' => 'required' ,
]);
$page = Page::find( $id );
$page ->title = Input::get( 'title' );
$page ->body = Input::get( 'body' );
$page ->user_id = 1; //Auth::user()->id;
if ( $page ->save()) {
return Redirect::to( 'admin' );
} else {
return Redirect::back()->withInput()->withErrors( '保存失败!' );
}
}
/**
* Remove the specified resource from storage.
*
* @param int $id
* @return Response
*/
public function destroy( $id )
{
$page = Page::find( $id );
$page -> delete ();
return Redirect::to( 'admin' );
}
}
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4.4 创建视图文件
首先在 learnlaravel5/resources/views 下创建 admin/pages 两级文件夹。
然后创建 learnlaravel5/resources/views/admin/pages/create.blade.php:
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@ extends ( 'app' )
@section( 'content' )
<div class = "container" >
<div class = "row" >
<div class = "col-md-10 col-md-offset-1" >
<div class = "panel panel-default" >
<div class = "panel-heading" >新增 Page</div>
<div class = "panel-body" >
@ if ( count ( $errors ) > 0)
<div class = "alert alert-danger" >
<strong>Whoops!</strong> There were some problems with your input.<br><br>
<ul>
@ foreach ( $errors ->all() as $error )
<li>{{ $error }}</li>
@ endforeach
</ul>
</div>
@ endif
<form action= "{{ URL('admin/pages') }}" method= "POST" >
<input type= "hidden" name= "_token" value= "{{ csrf_token() }}" >
<input type= "text" name= "title" class = "form-control" required= "required" >
<br>
<textarea name= "body" rows= "10" class = "form-control" required= "required" ></textarea>
<br>
<button class = "btn btn-lg btn-info" >新增 Page</button>
</form>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
@endsection
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之后创建 learnlaravel5/resources/views/admin/pages/edit.blade.php:
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@ extends ( 'app' )
@section( 'content' )
<div class = "container" >
<div class = "row" >
<div class = "col-md-10 col-md-offset-1" >
<div class = "panel panel-default" >
<div class = "panel-heading" >编辑 Page</div>
<div class = "panel-body" >
@ if ( count ( $errors ) > 0)
<div class = "alert alert-danger" >
<strong>Whoops!</strong> There were some problems with your input.<br><br>
<ul>
@ foreach ( $errors ->all() as $error )
<li>{{ $error }}</li>
@ endforeach
</ul>
</div>
@ endif
<form action= "{{ URL('admin/pages/'.$page->id) }}" method= "POST" >
<input name= "_method" type= "hidden" value= "PUT" >
<input type= "hidden" name= "_token" value= "{{ csrf_token() }}" >
<input type= "text" name= "title" class = "form-control" required= "required" value= "{{ $page->title }}" >
<br>
<textarea name= "body" rows= "10" class = "form-control" required= "required" >{{ $page ->body }}</textarea>
<br>
<button class = "btn btn-lg btn-info" >编辑 Page</button>
</form>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
@endsection
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4.5 查看结果
后台首页 http://fuck.io:88/admin :
新增 Page http://fuck.io:88/admin/pages/create :
编辑 Page http://fuck.io:88/admin/pages/1/edit :
页面上的新增、编辑、删除的功能均已经完成,并且加入了表单验证,Pages 管理功能完成!
以上所述就是本文的全部内容了,希望对大家熟悉Laravel5框架能够有所帮助。