我就废话不多说了,大家还是直接看代码吧~
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'''
Created on 2018-4-16
'''
def compile (
self ,
optimizer, #优化器
loss, #损失函数,可以为已经定义好的loss函数名称,也可以为自己写的loss函数
metrics = None , #
sample_weight_mode = None , #如果你需要按时间步为样本赋权(2D权矩阵),将该值设为“temporal”。默认为“None”,代表按样本赋权(1D权),和fit中sample_weight在赋值样本权重中配合使用
weighted_metrics = None ,
target_tensors = None ,
* * kwargs #这里的设定的参数可以和后端交互。
)
一般使用model. compile (loss = 'categorical_crossentropy' ,optimizer = 'sgd' ,metrics = [ 'accuracy' ])
# keras所有定义好的损失函数loss:
# keras\losses.py
# 有些loss函数可以使用简称:
# mse = MSE = mean_squared_error
# mae = MAE = mean_absolute_error
# mape = MAPE = mean_absolute_percentage_error
# msle = MSLE = mean_squared_logarithmic_error
# kld = KLD = kullback_leibler_divergence
# cosine = cosine_proximity
# 使用到的数学方法:
# mean:求均值
# sum:求和
# square:平方
# abs:绝对值
# clip:[裁剪替换](https://blog.csdn.net/qq1483661204/article/details)
# epsilon:1e-7
# log:以e为底
# maximum(x,y):x与 y逐位比较取其大者
# reduce_sum(x,axis):沿着某个维度求和
# l2_normalize:l2正则化
# softplus:softplus函数
#
# import cntk as C
# 1.mean_squared_error:
# return K.mean(K.square(y_pred - y_true), axis=-1)
# 2.mean_absolute_error:
# return K.mean(K.abs(y_pred - y_true), axis=-1)
# 3.mean_absolute_percentage_error:
# diff = K.abs((y_true - y_pred) / K.clip(K.abs(y_true),K.epsilon(),None))
# return 100. * K.mean(diff, axis=-1)
# 4.mean_squared_logarithmic_error:
# first_log = K.log(K.clip(y_pred, K.epsilon(), None) + 1.)
# second_log = K.log(K.clip(y_true, K.epsilon(), None) + 1.)
# return K.mean(K.square(first_log - second_log), axis=-1)
# 5.squared_hinge:
# return K.mean(K.square(K.maximum(1. - y_true * y_pred, 0.)), axis=-1)
# 6.hinge(SVM损失函数):
# return K.mean(K.maximum(1. - y_true * y_pred, 0.), axis=-1)
# 7.categorical_hinge:
# pos = K.sum(y_true * y_pred, axis=-1)
# neg = K.max((1. - y_true) * y_pred, axis=-1)
# return K.maximum(0., neg - pos + 1.)
# 8.logcosh:
# def _logcosh(x):
# return x + K.softplus(-2. * x) - K.log(2.)
# return K.mean(_logcosh(y_pred - y_true), axis=-1)
# 9.categorical_crossentropy:
# output /= C.reduce_sum(output, axis=-1)
# output = C.clip(output, epsilon(), 1.0 - epsilon())
# return -sum(target * C.log(output), axis=-1)
# 10.sparse_categorical_crossentropy:
# target = C.one_hot(target, output.shape[-1])
# target = C.reshape(target, output.shape)
# return categorical_crossentropy(target, output, from_logits)
# 11.binary_crossentropy:
# return K.mean(K.binary_crossentropy(y_true, y_pred), axis=-1)
# 12.kullback_leibler_divergence:
# y_true = K.clip(y_true, K.epsilon(), 1)
# y_pred = K.clip(y_pred, K.epsilon(), 1)
# return K.sum(y_true * K.log(y_true / y_pred), axis=-1)
# 13.poisson:
# return K.mean(y_pred - y_true * K.log(y_pred + K.epsilon()), axis=-1)
# 14.cosine_proximity:
# y_true = K.l2_normalize(y_true, axis=-1)
# y_pred = K.l2_normalize(y_pred, axis=-1)
# return -K.sum(y_true * y_pred, axis=-1)
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补充知识:一文总结Keras的loss函数和metrics函数
Loss函数
定义:
keras.losses.mean_squared_error(y_true, y_pred)
用法很简单,就是计算均方误差平均值,例如
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loss_fn = keras.losses.mean_squared_error
a1 = tf.constant([ 1 , 1 , 1 , 1 ])
a2 = tf.constant([ 2 , 2 , 2 , 2 ])
loss_fn(a1,a2)
<tf.Tensor: id = 718367 , shape = (), dtype = int32, numpy = 1 >
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Metrics函数
Metrics函数也用于计算误差,但是功能比Loss函数要复杂。
定义
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tf.keras.metrics.Mean(
name = 'mean' , dtype = None
)
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这个定义过于简单,举例说明
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mean_loss([ 1 , 3 , 5 , 7 ])
mean_loss([ 1 , 3 , 5 , 7 ])
mean_loss([ 1 , 1 , 1 , 1 ])
mean_loss([ 2 , 2 ])
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输出结果
<tf.Tensor: id=718929, shape=(), dtype=float32, numpy=2.857143>
这个结果等价于
np.mean([1, 3, 5, 7, 1, 3, 5, 7, 1, 1, 1, 1, 2, 2])
这是因为Metrics函数是状态函数,在神经网络训练过程中会持续不断地更新状态,是有记忆的。因为Metrics函数还带有下面几个Methods
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reset_states()
Resets all of the metric state variables.
This function is called between epochs / steps, when a metric is evaluated during training.
result()
Computes and returns the metric value tensor.
Result computation is an idempotent operation that simply calculates the metric value using the state variables
update_state(
values, sample_weight = None
)
Accumulates statistics for computing the reduction metric.
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另外注意,Loss函数和Metrics函数的调用形式,
loss_fn = keras.losses.mean_squared_error mean_loss = keras.metrics.Mean()
mean_loss(1)等价于keras.metrics.Mean()(1),而不是keras.metrics.Mean(1),这个从keras.metrics.Mean函数的定义可以看出。
但是必须先令生成一个实例mean_loss=keras.metrics.Mean(),而不能直接使用keras.metrics.Mean()本身。
以上这篇Keras loss函数剖析就是小编分享给大家的全部内容了,希望能给大家一个参考,也希望大家多多支持服务器之家。
原文链接:https://blog.csdn.net/u011311291/article/details/79956195