环境
Linux版本:CentOS 6.5、Ubuntu 12.04.5
JDK版本:JDK 1.7
目录
方法一:手动解压JDK的压缩包,然后设置环境变量
方法二:用yum安装JDK
方法三:用rpm安装JDK
方法四:Ubuntu 上使用apt-get安装JDK
内容
方法一:手动解压JDK的压缩包,然后设置环境变量
1.在/usr/目录下创建java目录
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[root@localhost ~] # mkdir/usr/java
[root@localhost ~] # cd /usr/java
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2.下载,然后解压
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[root@localhost java] # curl -O http://download.oracle.com/otn-pub/java/jdk/7u79-b15/jdk-7u79-linux-x64.tar.gz
[root@localhost java] # tar -zxvf jdk-7u79-linux-x64.tar.gz
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3.设置环境变量
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[root@localhost java] # vi /etc/profile
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添加如下内容:
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#set java environment
JAVA_HOME= /usr/java/jdk1 .7.0_79
JRE_HOME= /usr/java/jdk1 .7.0_79 /jre
CLASS_PATH=.:$JAVA_HOME /lib/dt .jar:$JAVA_HOME /lib/tools .jar:$JRE_HOME /lib
PATH=$PATH:$JAVA_HOME /bin :$JRE_HOME /bin
export JAVA_HOME JRE_HOME CLASS_PATH PATH
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让修改生效:
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[root@localhost java] # source /etc/profile
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4.验证
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[root@localhost java] # java -version
java version "1.7.0_79"
Java(TM) SE Runtime Environment (build 1.7.0_79-b15)
Java HotSpot(TM) 64-Bit Server VM (build 24.79-b02, mixed mode)
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方法二:用yum安装JDK(CentOS)
1.查看yum库中都有哪些jdk版本
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[root@localhost ~] # yum search java|grep jdk
ldapjdk-javadoc.x86_64 : Javadoc for ldapjdk
java-1.6.0-openjdk.x86_64 : OpenJDK Runtime Environment
java-1.6.0-openjdk-demo.x86_64 : OpenJDK Demos
java-1.6.0-openjdk-devel.x86_64 : OpenJDK Development Environment
java-1.6.0-openjdk-javadoc.x86_64 : OpenJDK API Documentation
java-1.6.0-openjdk-src.x86_64 : OpenJDK Source Bundle
java-1.7.0-openjdk.x86_64 : OpenJDK Runtime Environment
java-1.7.0-openjdk-demo.x86_64 : OpenJDK Demos
java-1.7.0-openjdk-devel.x86_64 : OpenJDK Development Environment
java-1.7.0-openjdk-javadoc.noarch : OpenJDK API Documentation
java-1.7.0-openjdk-src.x86_64 : OpenJDK Source Bundle
java-1.8.0-openjdk.x86_64 : OpenJDK Runtime Environment
java-1.8.0-openjdk-demo.x86_64 : OpenJDK Demos
java-1.8.0-openjdk-devel.x86_64 : OpenJDK Development Environment
java-1.8.0-openjdk-headless.x86_64 : OpenJDK Runtime Environment
java-1.8.0-openjdk-javadoc.noarch : OpenJDK API Documentation
java-1.8.0-openjdk-src.x86_64 : OpenJDK Source Bundle
ldapjdk.x86_64 : The Mozilla LDAP Java SDK
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2.选择版本,进行安装,我们这里安装1.7版本
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[root@localhost ~] # yum install java-1.7.0-openjdk
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安装完之后,默认的安装目录是在: /usr/lib/jvm/java-1.7.0-openjdk-1.7.0.75.x86_64
3.设置环境变量
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[root@localhost ~] # vi /etc/profile
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添加如下内容:
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#set java environment
JAVA_HOME= /usr/lib/jvm/java-1 .7.0-openjdk-1.7.0.75.x86_64
JRE_HOME=$JAVA_HOME /jre
CLASS_PATH=.:$JAVA_HOME /lib/dt .jar:$JAVA_HOME /lib/tools .jar:$JRE_HOME /lib
PATH=$PATH:$JAVA_HOME /bin :$JRE_HOME /bin
export JAVA_HOME JRE_HOME CLASS_PATH PATH
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让修改生效:
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[root@localhost java] # source /etc/profile
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3.验证 同上。
注:因为采用yum安装jdk,系统考虑到多版本的问题,会用alternatives进行版本控制。开始,相应版本的jdk安装在/usr/lib/jvm/之后,会在alternatives中注册,在/etc/alternatives目录下会产生一些链接到/usr/lib/jvm/中刚安装好的jdk版本。
在/usr/bin下面会有链接到/etc/alternatives的相应的文件。比如,/usr/bin下面会有一个链接文件java的映射关系如下:
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/usr/bin/java- > /etc/alternatives/java
/etc/alternatives/java- > /usr/lib/jvm/jre-1 .7.0-openjdk.x86_64 /bin/java
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这样,java命令不用设置环境变量,就可以正常运行了。但如果对于tomcat或其他软件来说还是要设置环境变量。
同样,如果安装新的版本jdk,就会重新链接到最新安装的jdk版本。当然,也可以使用alternatives修改所要使用的版本。
具体方法可参照:《使用Linux的alternatives管理多版本的软件》
方法三:用rpm安装JDK
1.下载
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[hadoop@localhost ~]$ curl -O http: //download .oracle.com /otn-pub/java/jdk/7u79-b15/jdk-7u79-linux-x64 .rpm
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2.使用rpm命令安装
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[root@localhost ~] # rpm -ivh jdk-7u79-linux-x64.rpm
Preparing... ########################################### [100%]
1:jdk ###########################################[100%]
Unpacking JAR files...
rt.jar...
jsse.jar...
charsets.jar...
tools.jar...
localedata.jar...
jfxrt.jar...
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3.设置环境变量
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[root@localhost java] # vi /etc/profile
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添加如下内容:
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#set java environment
JAVA_HOME= /usr/java/jdk1 .7.0_79
JRE_HOME= /usr/java/jdk1 .7.0_79 /jre
CLASS_PATH=.:$JAVA_HOME /lib/dt .jar:$JAVA_HOME /lib/tools .jar:$JRE_HOME /lib
PATH=$PATH:$JAVA_HOME /bin :$JRE_HOME /bin
export JAVA_HOME JRE_HOME CLASS_PATH PATH
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让修改生效:
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[root@localhost java] # source /etc/profile
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4.验证
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[root@localhost java] # java -version
java version "1.7.0_79"
Java(TM) SE Runtime Environment (build 1.7.0_79-b15)
Java HotSpot(TM) 64-Bit Server VM (build 24.79-b02, mixed mode)
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和yum安装类似,不用设置环境变量就可以,运行java命令。rpm安装方式默认会把jdk安装到/usr/java/jdk1.7.0_79,然后通过三层链接,链接到/usr/bin,具体链接如下:
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[root@localhost ~] # cd /bin
[root@localhost bin] # ll|grep java
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 25 Mar 28 11:24 jar -> /usr/java/default/bin/jar
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 26 Mar 28 11:24 java -> /usr/java/default/bin/java
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 27 Mar 28 11:24 javac -> /usr/java/default/bin/javac
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 29 Mar 28 11:24 javadoc -> /usr/java/default/bin/javadoc
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 28 Mar 28 11:24 javaws -> /usr/java/default/bin/javaws
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 30 Mar 28 11:24 jcontrol -> /usr/java/default/bin/jcontrol
[root@localhost bin] # cd /usr/java/
[root@localhost java] # ll
total 4
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 16 Mar 28 11:24 default-> /usr/java/latest
drwxr-xr-x. 8 root root 4096 Mar 28 11:24 jdk1.7.0_79
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 21 Mar 28 11:24 latest -> /usr/java/jdk1 .7.0_79
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方法四:Ubuntu 上使用apt-get安装JDK
1.查看apt库都有哪些jdk版本
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root@Itble:~ # apt-cache search java|grep jdk
default-jdk - Standard Java or Java compatible Development Kit
default-jdk-doc - Standard Java or Java compatible Development Kit (documentation)
gcj-4.6-jdk - gcj and classpath development tools for Java(TM)
gcj-jdk - gcj and classpath development tools for Java(TM)
openjdk-6-dbg - Java runtime based on OpenJDK (debugging symbols)
openjdk-6-demo - Java runtime based on OpenJDK (demos and examples)
openjdk-6-doc - OpenJDK Development Kit (JDK) documentation
openjdk-6-jdk - OpenJDK Development Kit (JDK)
openjdk-6-jre-lib - OpenJDK Java runtime (architecture independent libraries)
openjdk-6- source - OpenJDK Development Kit (JDK) source files
openjdk-7-dbg - Java runtime based on OpenJDK (debugging symbols)
openjdk-7-demo - Java runtime based on OpenJDK (demos and examples)
openjdk-7-doc - OpenJDK Development Kit (JDK) documentation
openjdk-7-jdk - OpenJDK Development Kit (JDK)
openjdk-7- source - OpenJDK Development Kit (JDK) source files
uwsgi-plugin-jvm-openjdk-6 - Java plugin for uWSGI (OpenJDK 6)
uwsgi-plugin-jwsgi-openjdk-6 - JWSGI plugin for uWSGI (OpenJDK 6)
openjdk-6-jre - OpenJDK Java runtime, using Hotspot JIT
openjdk-6-jre-headless - OpenJDK Java runtime, using Hotspot JIT (headless)
openjdk-7-jre - OpenJDK Java runtime, using Hotspot JIT
openjdk-7-jre-headless - OpenJDK Java runtime, using Hotspot JIT (headless)
openjdk-7-jre-lib - OpenJDK Java runtime (architecture independent libraries)
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2.选择版本进行安装
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root@Itble:~ # apt-get install openjdk-7-jdk
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3.设置环境变量
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root@Itble:~ # vi /etc/profile
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添加如下内容:
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#set java environment
JAVA_HOME= /usr/lib/jvm/java-1 .7.0-openjdk-amd64
JRE_HOME=$JAVA_HOME /jre
CLASS_PATH=.:$JAVA_HOME /lib/dt .jar:$JAVA_HOME /lib/tools .jar:$JRE_HOME /lib
PATH=$PATH:$JAVA_HOME /bin :$JRE_HOME /bin
export JAVA_HOME JRE_HOME CLASS_PATH PATH
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让修改生效:
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root@Itble:~ # source /etc/profile
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4.验证
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root@Itble:~ # java -version
java version "1.7.0_79"
OpenJDK Runtime Environment (IcedTea 2.5.5) (7u79-2.5.5-0ubuntu0.12.04.1)
OpenJDK 64-Bit Server VM (build 24.79-b02, mixed mode)
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Ubuntu的apt-get安装方式和CentOS的yum安装方式很类似,这里就不再啰嗦。
以上就是本文的全部内容,希望对大家的学习有所帮助,也希望大家多多支持服务器之家。