前言
读过一篇关于Zend Framework2的技术文章《ZF2多级树形路由Route配置实例》,是介绍路由配置的。我觉得很有意思,这是的需求:
/user对应用户列表页面
/user/:user_id对应用户的个人主页,比如 /user/AlloVince 就对应AlloVince用户的个人主页
/user/:user_id/blog/对应用户的博客列表页面,比如 /user/AlloVince/blog 就会列出AlloVince写过的Blog
/user/:user_id/blog/:blog_id对应用户的一篇博客文章
方案引用自原文:
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'router' => array (
'routes' => array (
'user' => array (
'type' => 'Segment' ,
'options' => array (
'route' => '/user[/]' ,
'defaults' => array (
'controller' => 'UserController' ,
'action' => 'index' ,
),
),
'may_terminate' => true,
'child_routes' => array (
'profile' => array (
'type' => 'Segment' ,
'options' => array (
'route' => '[:id][/]' ,
'constraints' => array (
'id' => '[a-zA-Z0-9_-]+'
),
'defaults' => array (
'action' => 'get'
),
),
'may_terminate' => true,
'child_routes' => array (
'blog' => array (
'type' => 'Segment' ,
'options' => array (
'route' => 'blog[/]' ,
'constraints' => array (
),
'defaults' => array (
'action' => 'blog'
)
),
'may_terminate' => true,
'child_routes' => array (
'post' => array (
'type' => 'Segment' ,
'options' => array (
'route' => '[:post_id][/]' ,
'constraints' => array (
'post_id' => '[a-zA-Z0-9_-]+'
),
'defaults' => array (
'action' => 'post'
)
),
'may_terminate' => true,
),
),
),
), //profile child_routes end
), //profile end
), //user child_routes end
), //user end
),
),
|
看了这篇文章后,我打算使用我用过的PHP框架来实现这个路由需求。
ThinkPHP
新建一个ThinkPHP项目:
composer create-project topthink/thinkphp tp --prefer-dist
命令行显示我安装的是3.2.2
Installing topthink/thinkphp (3.2.2)
我看ThinkPHP官网最新稳定版本是3.2.3。
我特意去packagist官网查了一下,库中稳定版确实是3.2.2。
我得使用3.2.3。为什么我特别纠结这一点哩?因为:
3.2的路由功能是针对模块设置的,所以URL中的模块名不能被路由,路由定义也通常是放在模块配置文件中。 3.2.3版本开始增加全局路由定义支持,可以在项目的公共配置文件中定义路由。
也就是说,路由重写的部分是Controller和Action部分,Moudle还是存在。
我希望的是/user,而不是home/user。(ThinkPHP中默认Module是Home,'DEFAULT_MODULE' => 'Home',可以修改)
当然,这个问题也可以修改.htaccess文件的解决。但是,我还是决定安装3.2.3。
在ThinkPHP官网下载最新的包,解压。
使用浏览器访问一下项目的入口文件,让ThinkPHP自动生成了一个默认的应用模块Home。
修改公共配置文件tp\Application\Common\Conf\config.php:
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<?php
return array (
// 开启路由
'URL_ROUTER_ON' => true,
// URL访问模式,可选参数0、1、2、3,代表以下四种模式:
// 0 (普通模式); 1 (PATHINFO 模式); 2 (REWRITE 模式); 3 (兼容模式) 默认为PATHINFO 模式
'URL_MODEL' => 2,
// URL伪静态后缀设置,为空表示可以支持所有的静态后缀
// 使用U函数生成URL时会不带后缀
'URL_HTML_SUFFIX' => '' ,
// URL变量绑定到Action方法参数,默认为true
'URL_PARAMS_BIND' => true,
// URL变量绑定的类型 0 按变量名绑定 1 按变量顺序绑定,默认为0
'URL_PARAMS_BIND_TYPE' => 0,
// 路由配置
'URL_ROUTE_RULES' => array (
'/^url$/' => 'Home/User/url' ,
'/^user$/' => 'Home/User/index' ,
'/^user\/([a-zA-Z0-9_-]+)$/' => 'Home/User/show?name=:1' ,
'/^user\/([a-zA-Z0-9_-]+)\/blog$/' => 'Home/Blog/index?name=:1' ,
'/^user\/([a-zA-Z0-9_-]+)\/blog\/([0-9]+)$/' => 'Home/Blog/show?name=:1&blog_id=:2' ,
),
);
?>
|
创建文件tp\Application\Home\Controller\UserController.class.php:
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<?php
namespace Home\Controller;
use Think\Controller;
class UserController extends Controller {
public function url() {
$name = 'jing' ;
$blogId = 1;
$urls = array (
U( '/user' ),
U( "/user/{$name}" ),
U( "/user/{$name}/blog" ),
U( "/user/{$name}/blog/{$blogId}" ),
);
foreach ( $urls as $url ) {
echo "<a href=\"{$url}\">{$url}<a/><br />\n" ;
}
}
public function index() {
echo '我是用户列表^_^' ;
}
public function show( $name ) {
echo "欢迎你,{$name}" ;
}
}
?>
|
创建文件tp\Application\Home\Controller\BlogController.class.php:
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<?php
namespace Home\Controller;
use Think\Controller;
class BlogController extends Controller {
public function index( $name ) {
echo "这是{$name}的博客列表" ;
}
public function show( $blog_id , $name ) {
echo "{$name}的这篇博客的id为{$blog_id}" ;
}
}
?>
|
访问:http://127.0.0.1/tp/url
输出:
<a href="/tp/user">/tp/user<a/><br />
<a href="/tp/user/jing">/tp/user/jing<a/><br />
<a href="/tp/user/jing/blog">/tp/user/jing/blog<a/><br />
<a href="/tp/user/jing/blog/1">/tp/user/jing/blog/1<a/><br />
访问上面4个链接,依次返回:
我是用户列表^_^
欢迎你,jing
这是jing的博客列表
jing的这篇博客的id为1
下面其他框架,也同样输出以上内容。
Zend Framework 2
使用ZF2骨架程序创建一个ZF2项目:
composer create-project --stability="dev" zendframework/skeleton-application zf2
修改默认模块Application的配置文件zf2\module\Application\config\module.config.php:
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<?php
/**
* Zend Framework (http://framework.zend.com/)
*
* @link http://github.com/zendframework/ZendSkeletonApplication for the canonical source repository
* @copyright Copyright (c) 2005-2015 Zend Technologies USA Inc. (http://www.zend.com)
* @license http://framework.zend.com/license/new-bsd New BSD License
*/
return array (
'router' => array (
'routes' => array (
'home' => array (
'type' => 'Zend\Mvc\Router\Http\Literal' ,
'options' => array (
'route' => '/url' ,
'defaults' => array (
'controller' => 'Application\Controller\User' ,
'action' => 'url' ,
),
),
),
// The following is a route to simplify getting started creating
// new controllers and actions without needing to create a new
// module. Simply drop new controllers in, and you can access them
// using the path /application/:controller/:action
'application' => array (
'type' => 'Literal' ,
'options' => array (
'route' => '/application' ,
'defaults' => array (
'__NAMESPACE__' => 'Application\Controller' ,
'controller' => 'Index' ,
'action' => 'index' ,
),
),
'may_terminate' => true,
'child_routes' => array (
'default' => array (
'type' => 'Segment' ,
'options' => array (
'route' => '/[:controller[/:action]]' ,
'constraints' => array (
'controller' => '[a-zA-Z][a-zA-Z0-9_-]*' ,
'action' => '[a-zA-Z][a-zA-Z0-9_-]*' ,
),
'defaults' => array (
),
),
),
),
),
'user_list' => array (
'type' => 'Segment' ,
'options' => array (
'route' => '/user[/]' ,
'defaults' => array (
'__NAMESPACE__' => 'Application\Controller' ,
'controller' => 'User' ,
'action' => 'index' ,
),
),
'may_terminate' => true,
'child_routes' => array (
'user' => array (
'type' => 'Segment' ,
'options' => array (
'route' => '[:name][/]' ,
'constraints' => array (
'name' => '[a-zA-Z0-9_-]+' ,
),
'defaults' => array (
'action' => 'show' ,
),
),
'may_terminate' => true,
'child_routes' => array (
'blog_list' => array (
'type' => 'Segment' ,
'options' => array (
'route' => 'blog[/]' ,
'constraints' => array (
),
'defaults' => array (
'controller' => 'Blog' ,
'action' => 'index' ,
)
),
'may_terminate' => true,
'child_routes' => array (
'blog' => array (
'type' => 'Segment' ,
'options' => array (
'route' => '[:blog_id]' ,
'constraints' => array (
'blog_id' => '[0-9]+' ,
),
'defaults' => array (
'action' => 'show' ,
)
),
'may_terminate' => true,
),
),
),
),
),
),
),
),
),
'service_manager' => array (
'abstract_factories' => array (
'Zend\Cache\Service\StorageCacheAbstractServiceFactory' ,
'Zend\Log\LoggerAbstractServiceFactory' ,
),
'aliases' => array (
'translator' => 'MvcTranslator' ,
),
),
'translator' => array (
'locale' => 'en_US' ,
'translation_file_patterns' => array (
array (
'type' => 'gettext' ,
'base_dir' => __DIR__ . '/../language' ,
'pattern' => '%s.mo' ,
),
),
),
'controllers' => array (
'invokables' => array (
'Application\Controller\Index' => 'Application\Controller\IndexController' ,
'Application\Controller\User' => 'Application\Controller\UserController' ,
'Application\Controller\Blog' => 'Application\Controller\BlogController' ,
),
),
'view_manager' => array (
'display_not_found_reason' => true,
'display_exceptions' => true,
'doctype' => 'HTML5' ,
'not_found_template' => 'error/404' ,
'exception_template' => 'error/index' ,
'template_map' => array (
'layout/layout' => __DIR__ . '/../view/layout/layout.phtml' ,
'application/index/index' => __DIR__ . '/../view/application/index/index.phtml' ,
'error/404' => __DIR__ . '/../view/error/404.phtml' ,
'error/index' => __DIR__ . '/../view/error/index.phtml' ,
),
'template_path_stack' => array (
__DIR__ . '/../view' ,
),
),
// Placeholder for console routes
'console' => array (
'router' => array (
'routes' => array (
),
),
),
);
?>
|
这个文件是骨架程序中自带的,我只是修改了router部分和controllers部分。要我写这么长的文件,那就太为难我了。这也是ZF官方发布了一个骨架程序的原因。
创建文件zf2\module\Application\src\Application\Controller\UserController.php:
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<?php
namespace Application\Controller;
use Zend\Mvc\Controller\AbstractActionController;
use Zend\View\Model\ViewModel;
class UserController extends AbstractActionController {
public function urlAction() {
$name = 'jing' ;
$blogId = 1;
$urls = array (
$this ->url()->fromRoute( 'user_list' ),
$this ->url()->fromRoute( 'user_list/user' , array ( 'name' => $name )),
$this ->url()->fromRoute( 'user_list/user/blog_list' , array ( 'name' => $name )),
$this ->url()->fromRoute( 'user_list/user/blog_list/blog' , array ( 'name' => $name , 'blog_id' => $blogId )),
);
$view = new ViewModel(compact( 'urls' ));
$view ->setTerminal(true);
return $view ;
}
public function indexAction() {
$view = new ViewModel();
// 禁用布局模板
$view ->setTerminal(true);
return $view ;
}
public function showAction() {
$username = $this ->params()->fromRoute( 'name' );
$view = new ViewModel(compact( 'username' ));
$view ->setTerminal(true);
return $view ;
}
}
?>
|
创建文件zf2\module\Application\src\Application\Controller\BlogController.php:
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<?php
namespace Application\Controller;
use Zend\Mvc\Controller\AbstractActionController;
use Zend\View\Model\ViewModel;
class BlogController extends AbstractActionController {
public function indexAction() {
$username = $this ->params()->fromRoute( 'name' );
$view = new ViewModel(compact( 'username' ));
$view ->setTerminal(true);
return $view ;
}
public function showAction() {
$username = $this ->params()->fromRoute( 'name' );
$blogId = $this ->params()->fromRoute( 'blog_id' );
$view = new ViewModel(compact( 'username' , 'blogId' ));
$view ->setTerminal(true);
return $view ;
}
}
?>
|
zf2不支持Action参数绑定,ThinkPHP不仅支持绑定,还支持2种绑定方式:按变量名绑定和按变量顺序绑定。
zf2中Action必须得返回视图,除非exit()。如果你知道可以禁用视图的办法,请告诉我。
创建文件zf2\module\Application\view\application\user\url.phtml:
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<?php foreach ( $urls as $url ): ?>
<a href= "<?php echo $url;?>" ><?php echo $url ;?><a/><br />
<?php endforeach ; ?>
|
创建文件zf2\module\Application\view\application\user\index.phtml:
我是用户列表^_^
创建文件zf2\module\Application\view\application\user\show.phtml:
欢迎你,<?php echo $username; ?>
创建文件zf2\module\Application\view\application\blog\index.phtml:
这是<?php echo $username; ?>的博客列表
创建文件zf2\module\Application\view\application\blog\show.phtml:
<?php echo $username; ?>的这篇博客的id为<?php echo $blogId; ?>
Yaf
安装Yaf
使用代码生成工具创建Yaf项目
修改启动文件yaf\application\Bootstrap.php,修改其中的_initRoute方法:
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$router = Yaf_Dispatcher::getInstance()->getRouter();
$route0 = new Yaf_Route_Rewrite( 'url' , array (
'controller' => 'User' ,
'action' => 'url' ,
), array ()
);
$route1 = new Yaf_Route_Rewrite( 'user' , array (
'controller' => 'User' ,
'action' => 'index' ,
), array ()
);
$route2 = new Yaf_Route_Regex( '#user/([a-zA-Z0-9_-]+)#' , array (
'controller' => 'User' ,
'action' => 'show' ,
), array (1 => 'name' ,)
);
$route3 = new Yaf_Route_Regex( '#user/([a-zA-Z0-9_-]+)/blog#' , array (
'controller' => 'Blog' ,
'action' => 'index' ,
), array (1 => 'name' ,)
);
$route4 = new Yaf_Route_Regex( '#user/([a-zA-Z0-9_-]+)/blog/([0-9]+)#' , array (
'controller' => 'Blog' ,
'action' => 'show' ,
), array (1 => 'name' , 2 => 'blogId' ,)
);
$router ->addRoute( 'url' , $route0 );
$router ->addRoute( 'user_list' , $route1 );
$router ->addRoute( 'user' , $route2 );
$router ->addRoute( "blog_list" , $route3 );
$router ->addRoute( "blog" , $route4 );
|
Yaf有路由功能,但是没有根据路由名生成URL的方法。所以我定义了一个项目名,用于拼接URL。
在配置文件中添加配置项yaf\conf\application.ini:
project.name = 'yaf'
创建文件yaf\application\controllers\User.php:
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<?php
class UserController extends Yaf_Controller_Abstract {
public function urlAction() {
$name = 'jing' ;
$blogId = 1;
$app = Yaf_Application::app();
$projectName = $app ->getConfig()->project->name;
$urls = array (
"/{$projectName}/user" ,
"/{$projectName}/user/{$name}" ,
"/{$projectName}/user/{$name}/blog" ,
"/{$projectName}/user/{$name}/blog/{$blogId}" ,
);
foreach ( $urls as $url ) {
echo "<a href=\"{$url}\">{$url}<a/><br />\n" ;
}
return false;
}
public function indexAction() {
echo '我是用户列表^_^' ;
// 禁用视图模板
return false;
}
public function showAction( $name ) {
echo "欢迎你,{$name}" ;
return false;
}
}
|
创建文件yaf\application\controllers\Blog.php:
<?php
class BlogController extends Yaf_Controller_Abstract {
public function indexAction($name) {
echo "这是{$name}的博客列表";
return false;
}
public function showAction($blogId, $name) {
echo "{$name}的这篇博客的id为{$blogId}";
return false;
}
}
Yaf的Action支持参数绑定,是按变量名绑定的。$name、$blogId要和路由中配置的名称一样,而和参数顺序无关。
Laravel
新建Laravel项目:
composer create-project laravel/laravel --prefer-dist
清除合并文件。在目录laravel\vendor\下有个文件compiled.php,这个文件是为了减少IO提高框架性能,将很多类文件合并到一个文件中而生存的。在开发环境下,应该删除该文件,否则修改了一些文件发现没有效果,其实是因为文件已经合并缓存了。
清除命令:
php artisan clear-compiled
在生产环境中应该开启,以提升性能:
php artisan optimize --force
修改路由文件laravel\app\Http\routes.php:
<?php
Route::get('/url', array('uses' => 'UserController@getUrl'));
Route::get('/user', array('uses' => 'UserController@getIndex'));
Route::get('/user/{username}', array('uses' => 'UserController@getShow'));
Route::get('/user/{username}/blog', array(
'as' => 'blog_list',
'uses' => 'BlogController@getIndex',
));
Route::get('/user/{username}/blog/{blogId}', array(
'as' => 'blog',
'uses' => 'BlogController@getShow',
))->where(array('blogId' => '[0-9]+'));
查看路由定义情况:
php artisan route:list
输出:
+--------+----------+-------------------------------+-----------+----------------------------------------------+------------+
| Domain | Method | URI | Name | Action | Middleware |
+--------+----------+-------------------------------+-----------+----------------------------------------------+------------+
| | GET|HEAD | url | | App\Http\Controllers\UserController@getUrl | |
| | GET|HEAD | user | | App\Http\Controllers\UserController@getIndex | |
| | GET|HEAD | user/{username} | | App\Http\Controllers\UserController@getShow | |
| | GET|HEAD | user/{username}/blog | blog_list | App\Http\Controllers\BlogController@getIndex | |
| | GET|HEAD | user/{username}/blog/{blogId} | blog | App\Http\Controllers\BlogController@getShow | |
+--------+----------+-------------------------------+-----------+----------------------------------------------+------------+
定义路由变量全局模式,修改文件laravel\app\Providers\RouteServiceProvider.php中的boot方法:
public function boot(Router $router) {
$router->pattern('username', '[a-zA-Z0-9_-]+');
parent::boot($router);
}
创建UserController控制器:
php artisan make:controller UserController
Laravel帮我们在laravel\app\Http\Controllers目录下创建了文件UserController.php,文件中已经为我们写好一部分骨架代码。修改文件laravel\app\Http\Controllers\UserController.php:
<?php
namespace App\Http\Controllers;
use App\Http\Controllers\Controller;
class UserController extends Controller {
public function getUrl() {
$name = 'jing';
$blogId = 1;
$urls = array(
url('/user'),
action('UserController@getShow', array($name)),
route('blog_list', array($name)),
route('blog', array($name, $blogId)),
);
foreach ($urls as $url) {
echo "<a href=\"{$url}\">{$url}<a/><br />\n";
}
}
public function getIndex() {
echo '我是用户列表^_^';
}
public function getShow($name) {
echo "欢迎你,{$name}";
}
}
创建BlogController控制器:
php artisan make:controller BlogController
修改文件laravel\app\Http\Controllers\BlogController.php:
<?php
namespace App\Http\Controllers;
use App\Http\Controllers\Controller;
class BlogController extends Controller {
public function getIndex($name) {
echo "这是{$name}的博客列表";
}
public function getShow($name, $blogId) {
echo "{$name}的这篇博客的id为{$blogId}";
}
}
Laravel的Action也支持参数绑定,是按变量顺序绑定的,和变量名无关。
后语
我是Laravel粉,但是我也没有想黑其他框架的意思,大家有兴趣也可以用自己熟悉的框架来实现这个小例子,写了记得@我,语言不限。
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