java中的arrays.sort()代码详解

时间:2022-01-11 13:20:21

Arrays.sort(T[], Comparator < ? super T > c) 方法用于对象数组按用户自定义规则排序.
官方Java文档只是简要描述此方法的作用,并未进行详细的介绍,本文将深入解析此方法。

1. 简单示例

sort方法的使用非常的简单明了,下面的例子中,先定义一个比较Dog大小的Comparator,然后将其实例对象作为参数传给sort方法,通过此示例,你应该能够快速掌握Arrays.sort()的使用方法。

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import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.Comparator;
class Dog{
    int size;
    public Dog(int s){
        size = s;
    }
}
class DogSizeComparator implements Comparator<Dog>{
    @Override
      public int compare(Dog o1, Dog o2) {
        return o1.size - o2.size;
    }
}
public class ArraySort {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Dog d1 = new Dog(2);
        Dog d2 = new Dog(1);
        Dog d3 = new Dog(3);
        Dog[] dogArray = {d1, d2, d3};
        printDogs(dogArray);
        Arrays.sort(dogArray, new DogSizeComparator());
        printDogs(dogArray);
    }
    public static void printDogs(Dog[] dogs){
        for (Dog d: dogs)
              System.out.print(d.size + " " );
        System.out.println();
    }
}

输出为:

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2
2 1 3
1 2 3

2.使用策略模式

这是策略模式(Strategypattern)的一个完美又简洁的示例,值得一提的是为什么这种场景下适合使用策略模式.

总体来说,策略模式允许在程序执行时选择不同的算法.比如在排序时,传入不同的比较器(Comparator),就采用不同的算法.

根据上面的例子,假设你想要根据Dog的重量来进行排序,可以像下面这样,创建一个新的比较器来进行排序:

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class Dog{
    int size;
    int weight;
    public Dog(int s, int w){
        size = s;
        weight = w;
    }
}
class DogSizeComparator implements Comparator<Dog>{
    @Override
      public int compare(Dog o1, Dog o2) {
        return o1.size - o2.size;
    }
}
class DogWeightComparator implements Comparator<Dog>{
    @Override
      public int compare(Dog o1, Dog o2) {
        return o1.weight - o2.weight;
    }
}
public class ArraySort {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Dog d1 = new Dog(2, 50);
        Dog d2 = new Dog(1, 30);
        Dog d3 = new Dog(3, 40);
        Dog[] dogArray = {d1, d2, d3};
        printDogs(dogArray);
        Arrays.sort(dogArray, new DogSizeComparator());
        printDogs(dogArray);
        Arrays.sort(dogArray, new DogWeightComparator());
        printDogs(dogArray);
    }
    public static void printDogs(Dog[] dogs){
        for (Dog d: dogs)
              System.out.print("size="+d.size + " weight=" + d.weight + " ");
        System.out.println();
    }
}

执行结果:

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size=2 weight=50 size=1 weight=30 size=3 weight=40
size=1 weight=30 size=2 weight=50 size=3 weight=40
size=1 weight=30 size=3 weight=40 size=2 weight=50

Comparator是一个接口,所以sort方法中可以传入任意实现了此接口的类的实例,这就是策略模式的主要思想.

3.为何使用”super”

如果使用“Comparator<T>c”那是很简单易懂的,但是sort的第2个参数里面的<?superT>意味着比较器所接受的类型可以是T或者它的超类.为什么是超类呢?答案是:这允许使用同一个比较器对不同的子类对象进行比较.在下面的示例中很明显地演示了这一点:

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import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.Comparator;
class Animal{
    int size;
}
class Dog extends Animal{
    public Dog(int s){
        size = s;
    }
}
class Cat extends Animal{
    public Cat(int s){
        size = s;
    }
}
class AnimalSizeComparator implements Comparator<Animal>{
    @Override
      public int compare(Animal o1, Animal o2) {
        return o1.size - o2.size;
    }
    //in this way, all sub classes of Animal can use this comparator.
}
public class ArraySort {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Dog d1 = new Dog(2);
        Dog d2 = new Dog(1);
        Dog d3 = new Dog(3);
        Dog[] dogArray = {d1, d2, d3};
        printDogs(dogArray);
        Arrays.sort(dogArray, new AnimalSizeComparator());
        printDogs(dogArray);
        System.out.println();
        //when you have an array of Cat, same Comparator can be used. 
        Cat c1 = new Cat(2);
        Cat c2 = new Cat(1);
        Cat c3 = new Cat(3);
        Cat[] catArray = {c1, c2, c3};
        printDogs(catArray);
        Arrays.sort(catArray, new AnimalSizeComparator());
        printDogs(catArray);
    }
    public static void printDogs(Animal[] animals){
        for (Animal a: animals)
              System.out.print("size="+a.size + " ");
        System.out.println();
    }
}

输出结果:

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size=2 size=1 size=3
size=1 size=2 size=3
size=2 size=1 size=3
size=1 size=2 size=3

4. 小结

与Arrays.sort()相关的信息总结如下:

通用: super 类
策略设计模式(strategy pattern);
归并排序(merge sort): 时间复杂度 n*log(n);
Java.util.Collections#sort(List < T > list, Comparator < ? super T > c)与Arrays.sort 使用类似的思想.

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原文链接:http://blog.csdn.net/Mrzhoug/article/details/51197626