前言
随着Windows Azure 在中国的正式落地,相信越来越多的人会体验到Windows Azure带来的强大和便利。在上一篇文章中, 我们介绍了如何利用Windows Azure中的Service Bus的中继功能(Relay),来将您的WCF服务册到Windows Azure Service Bus上。 而WCF客户端可以通过访问Service Bus endpoint, 从而访问到您真正的WCF服务。
在这篇文章中,我们将介绍Windows Azure Service Bus的另外一个功能:通知中心(Notification Hub)。 (说明: 该功能目前还处于Preview阶段)
在很多应用系统中,通过Publisher |Subscriber 模型 来实现消息推送是一个常用的功能。实现方法也有很多,且较为复杂。幸运的是,在Windows Azure Service Bus中, 我们提供一个功能:通知中心(Notification Hub), 可以非常方便地实现大批量的推送通知的功能。
下面, 我就以开发一个简单的Windows 8 application为例,介绍如何利用这个功能实现Toast notification。
前提条件
1. 开发环境:Visual Studio 2012 + Windows 8
2. Windows Azure 账号 (您可以通过以下地址免费申请一个: http://www.azure.com)
3. Windows 8开发者账号。
4. Service Bus WinRT Preview SDK (http://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?LinkID=277160)
正文
第一部分:配置
1. 首先, 您可以创建一个用于演示的Windows Store application。为了接收推送下来的Toast Notification,您必须先要开启该功能, 如下所示:
2. 然后,将该application和Windows Store关联起来,并在Windows Store里面正确配置该application, 比如Notification等等,并获取正确的Package Security Identifier (SID) 和Client secret。
里面最关键的一步,是要配置你的application的推送通知的功能,并获得相应的Package Security Identifier (SID) 和Client secret。
比如:下面就是我配置后生成的相应SID和Client secret:
3. 接下来, 我们需要回到Windows Azure Management Portal, 创建一个Notification Hub。 比如,我在namesapce4push下,创建了一个叫做myhub的 Notification Hub,如下所示:
4. 然后,给刚才创建的Notification Hub : myhub 指定相应的Package SID和Client Secret,使得我们自己开发的application和该notification hub关联起来,如下所示:
最后点击保存。
5. 上述设置结束之后,回到Visual Studio,其会自动检测到这一行为,点击下一步直至结束,这样该application和store成功关联起来了。
第二部分:编写代码
1. 在application里面,我们需要在程序启动的时候,完成一些初始化的动作,比如该application在Notification Hub的注册等。
下面用黄色高亮显示的部分为相关代码:
using PushDemo.Common; using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.IO;
using System.Linq;
using Windows.ApplicationModel;
using Windows.ApplicationModel.Activation;
using Windows.Foundation;
using Windows.Foundation.Collections;
using Windows.UI.Xaml;
using Windows.UI.Xaml.Controls;
using Windows.UI.Xaml.Controls.Primitives;
using Windows.UI.Xaml.Data;
using Windows.UI.Xaml.Input;
using Windows.UI.Xaml.Media;
using Windows.UI.Xaml.Navigation;
using System.Threading.Tasks; using Microsoft.WindowsAzure.Messaging;
using Windows.Networking.PushNotifications;
using Windows.UI.Notifications;
using Windows.Data.Xml.Dom; // The Grid App template is documented at http://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?LinkId=234226 namespace PushDemo
{
/// <summary>
/// Provides application-specific behavior to supplement the default Application class.
/// </summary>
sealed partial class App : Application
{
/// <summary>
/// Initializes the singleton Application object. This is the first line of authored code
/// executed, and as such is the logical equivalent of main() or WinMain().
/// </summary>
/// NotificationHub notificationHub; public App()
{
var cn = ConnectionString.CreateUsingSharedAccessSecretWithListenAccess(
new Uri("sb://namespace4push.servicebus.windows.net/"),
"******<listenAccessSecret>******"
); notificationHub = new NotificationHub("myhub", cn); this.InitializeComponent();
this.Suspending += OnSuspending;
} async Task InitializeNotificationsAsync()
{
var channel = await PushNotificationChannelManager.CreatePushNotificationChannelForApplicationAsync();
await notificationHub.RefreshChannelUriAsync(channel.Uri); if (!await notificationHub.TemplateRegistrationExistsAsync("myToastRegistration"))
await notificationHub.CreateTemplateRegistrationAsync(BuildTextToastTemplate(), "myToastRegistration");
} XmlDocument BuildTextToastTemplate()
{
var template =
ToastNotificationManager.GetTemplateContent(ToastTemplateType.ToastText01);
var textNode = template.SelectSingleNode("//text[@id='1']") as XmlElement;
if (textNode != null)
{
textNode.InnerText = "$(msg)";
}
return template;
} /// <summary>
/// Invoked when the application is launched normally by the end user. Other entry points
/// will be used when the application is launched to open a specific file, to display
/// search results, and so forth.
/// </summary>
/// <param name="args">Details about the launch request and process.</param>
protected override async void OnLaunched(LaunchActivatedEventArgs args)
{
await InitializeNotificationsAsync(); Frame rootFrame = Window.Current.Content as Frame; // Do not repeat app initialization when the Window already has content,
// just ensure that the window is active if (rootFrame == null)
{
// Create a Frame to act as the navigation context and navigate to the first page
…
…
}
// Ensure the current window is active
Window.Current.Activate();
} /// <summary>
/// Invoked when application execution is being suspended. Application state is saved
/// without knowing whether the application will be terminated or resumed with the contents
/// of memory still intact.
/// </summary>
/// <param name="sender">The source of the suspend request.</param>
/// <param name="e">Details about the suspend request.</param>
…
…
}
}
2. 接下来我们需要一个用来推送消息的后台程序。我们就用一个非常简单的windows console程序来模拟后台好了。相关的代码如下:
class Program
{
static void Main(string[] args)
{
var cn = ServiceBusConnectionStringBuilder.CreateUsingSharedAccessKey(
new Uri("sb://namespace4push.servicebus.windows.net/"),
Microsoft.ServiceBus.Notifications.NotificationHubDescription.DefaultFullSasRuleName,
"*****<Access key>********”
); var hbClient = Microsoft.ServiceBus.Notifications.NotificationHubClient.CreateClientFromConnectionString(cn, "myhub");
hbClient.SendTemplateNotification(new Dictionary<string, string>
{
{"msg",args.Length>? args[]:"Hello World, Service Bus Notification Hub"}
}
);
}
}
3. 运行后的效果如下:
1)首先, 我们用我们的模拟后台消息推送程序推送一条消息给Notification Hub,如下:
2)因为我们的Windows Store Application注册到了Service Bus Notification Hub。 因此,所有安装该application的终端都会马上收到一个Toast Notification,如下:
也就是说, 假设我们有1万个终端的话, 那么这一万个终端会同时收到该Toast Notification.
说明:在Notification Hub Preview阶段,目前一个Notification Hub最多支持10,000个注册。如果需要超过1万个的注册,需要和我们的产品组联系以便特殊处理。
参考文档:
1) How To: Service Bus Notification Hubs (Windows Store Apps)
http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windowsazure/jj927172.aspx
2) Creating Windows Store Apps with Windows Azure Notification Hubs
http://blogs.msdn.com/b/zxue/archive/2013/01/24/creating-windows-store-apps-with-windows-azure-notification-hubs.aspx
希望以上内容对您有所帮助
Winston He