死锁
死锁:是指两个或两个以上的进程在执行过程中,因争夺资源而造成的一种互相等待的现象,若无外力作用,它们都将无法推进下去。
死锁发生的原因
死锁的发生是由于资源竞争导致的,导致死锁的原因如下:
- 系统资源不足,如果系统资源充足,死锁出现的可能性就很低。
- 进程(线程)运行推进的顺序不合适。
- 资源分配不当等。
死锁发生的条件
死锁的发生的四个必要条件:
- 互斥条件:一个资源每次只能被一个进程使用。
- 占有且等待:一个进程因请求资源而阻塞时,对已获得的资源保持不放。
- 不可强行占有:进程(线程)已获得的资源,在未使用完之前,不能强行剥夺。
- 循环等待条件:若干进程(线程)之间形成一种头尾相接的循环等待资源关系。
这四个条件是死锁的必要条件,只要系统发生死锁,这些条件必然成立,而只要上述条件之一不满足,就不会发生死锁。
1:通过jstack定位死锁信息
1.1:编写死锁代码
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Lock lock1 = new ReentrantLock();
Lock lock2 = new ReentrantLock();
ExecutorService exectuorService = Executors.newFixedThreadPool( 2 );
exectuorService.submit(() -> {
lock1.lock();
try {
Thread.sleep( 1000 );
} catch (Exception e){}
try {}
finally {
lock1.unlock();
lock2.unlock();
}
});
exectuorService.submit(() -> {
lock2.lock();
try {
Thread.sleep( 1000 );
} catch (Exception e){}
try {}
finally {
lock1.unlock();
lock2.unlock();
}
});
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1.2:查看死锁线程的pid
- jps查看死锁的线程pid
- 使用 jstack -l pid 查看死锁信息
- 通过打印信息我们可以找到发生死锁的代码是在哪个位置
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"DestroyJavaVM" # 13 prio= 5 os_prio= 31 tid= 0x00007f9a1d8fe800 nid= 0xd03 waiting on condition [ 0x0000000000000000 ]
java.lang.Thread.State: RUNNABLE
Locked ownable synchronizers:
- None
"pool-1-thread-2" # 12 prio= 5 os_prio= 31 tid= 0x00007f9a1d8fe000 nid= 0xa703 waiting on condition [ 0x000070000ff8e000 ]
java.lang.Thread.State: WAITING (parking)
at sun.misc.Unsafe.park(Native Method)
- parking to wait for < 0x0000000795768cd8 > (a java.util.concurrent.locks.ReentrantLock$NonfairSync)
at java.util.concurrent.locks.LockSupport.park(LockSupport.java: 175 )
at java.util.concurrent.locks.AbstractQueuedSynchronizer.parkAndCheckInterrupt(AbstractQueuedSynchronizer.java: 836 )
at java.util.concurrent.locks.AbstractQueuedSynchronizer.acquireQueued(AbstractQueuedSynchronizer.java: 870 )
at java.util.concurrent.locks.AbstractQueuedSynchronizer.acquire(AbstractQueuedSynchronizer.java: 1199 )
at java.util.concurrent.locks.ReentrantLock$NonfairSync.lock(ReentrantLock.java: 209 )
at java.util.concurrent.locks.ReentrantLock.lock(ReentrantLock.java: 285 )
at com.coco.util.SlideTimeUnit.lambda$main$ 1 (SlideTimeUnit.java: 63 )
at com.coco.util.SlideTimeUnit$$Lambda$ 2 / 565760380 .run(Unknown Source)
at java.util.concurrent.Executors$RunnableAdapter.call(Executors.java: 511 )
at java.util.concurrent.FutureTask.run(FutureTask.java: 266 )
at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor.runWorker(ThreadPoolExecutor.java: 1149 )
at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor$Worker.run(ThreadPoolExecutor.java: 624 )
at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java: 748 )
Locked ownable synchronizers:
- < 0x0000000795768d08 > (a java.util.concurrent.locks.ReentrantLock$NonfairSync)
- < 0x0000000795a9e4e0 > (a java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor$Worker)
"pool-1-thread-1" # 11 prio= 5 os_prio= 31 tid= 0x00007f9a2082c800 nid= 0xa803 waiting on condition [ 0x000070000fe8b000 ]
java.lang.Thread.State: WAITING (parking)
at sun.misc.Unsafe.park(Native Method)
- parking to wait for < 0x0000000795768d08 > (a java.util.concurrent.locks.ReentrantLock$NonfairSync)
at java.util.concurrent.locks.LockSupport.park(LockSupport.java: 175 )
at java.util.concurrent.locks.AbstractQueuedSynchronizer.parkAndCheckInterrupt(AbstractQueuedSynchronizer.java: 836 )
at java.util.concurrent.locks.AbstractQueuedSynchronizer.acquireQueued(AbstractQueuedSynchronizer.java: 870 )
at java.util.concurrent.locks.AbstractQueuedSynchronizer.acquire(AbstractQueuedSynchronizer.java: 1199 )
at java.util.concurrent.locks.ReentrantLock$NonfairSync.lock(ReentrantLock.java: 209 )
at java.util.concurrent.locks.ReentrantLock.lock(ReentrantLock.java: 285 )
at com.coco.util.SlideTimeUnit.lambda$main$ 0 (SlideTimeUnit.java: 49 )
at com.coco.util.SlideTimeUnit$$Lambda$ 1 / 596512129 .run(Unknown Source)
at java.util.concurrent.Executors$RunnableAdapter.call(Executors.java: 511 )
at java.util.concurrent.FutureTask.run(FutureTask.java: 266 )
at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor.runWorker(ThreadPoolExecutor.java: 1149 )
at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor$Worker.run(ThreadPoolExecutor.java: 624 )
at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java: 748 )
Locked ownable synchronizers:
- < 0x0000000795768cd8 > (a java.util.concurrent.locks.ReentrantLock$NonfairSync)
- < 0x0000000795a9ba28 > (a java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor$Worker)
"Service Thread" # 10 daemon prio= 9 os_prio= 31 tid= 0x00007f9a2082c000 nid= 0x4103 runnable [ 0x0000000000000000 ]
java.lang.Thread.State: RUNNABLE
Locked ownable synchronizers:
- None
"C1 CompilerThread3" # 9 daemon prio= 9 os_prio= 31 tid= 0x00007f9a1e021800 nid= 0x3f03 waiting on condition [ 0x0000000000000000 ]
java.lang.Thread.State: RUNNABLE
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2:通过Arthas工具定位死锁
2.1: 下载好Arthas的jar,然后运行
有一个 thread -b 就可以查看到死锁信息
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[arthas@4182]$ thread -b
"pool-1-thread-2" Id=12 WAITING on java.util.concurrent.locks.ReentrantLock$NonfairSync@2cb8a9a3 owned by "pool-1-thread-1" Id=11
at sun.misc.Unsafe.park(Native Method)
- waiting on java.util.concurrent.locks.ReentrantLock$NonfairSync@2cb8a9a3
at java.util.concurrent.locks.LockSupport.park(LockSupport.java:175)
at java.util.concurrent.locks.AbstractQueuedSynchronizer.parkAndCheckInterrupt(AbstractQueuedSynchronizer.java:836)
at java.util.concurrent.locks.AbstractQueuedSynchronizer.acquireQueued(AbstractQueuedSynchronizer.java:870)
at java.util.concurrent.locks.AbstractQueuedSynchronizer.acquire(AbstractQueuedSynchronizer.java:1199)
at java.util.concurrent.locks.ReentrantLock$NonfairSync.lock(ReentrantLock.java:209)
at java.util.concurrent.locks.ReentrantLock.lock(ReentrantLock.java:285)
at com.coco.util.SlideTimeUnit.lambda$main$1(SlideTimeUnit.java:63)
at com.coco.util.SlideTimeUnit$$Lambda$2 /565760380 .run(Unknown Source)
at java.util.concurrent.Executors$RunnableAdapter.call(Executors.java:511)
at java.util.concurrent.FutureTask.run(FutureTask.java:266)
at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor.runWorker(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:1149)
at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor$Worker.run(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:624)
at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:748)
Number of locked synchronizers = 2
- java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor$Worker@6433a2
- java.util.concurrent.locks.ReentrantLock$NonfairSync@3a855d13 <---- but blocks 1 other threads!
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3. 通过 Jvisualvm 定位死锁
Jvisualvm 是一种自带的可视化工具,往往在在本地执行。
通过 Jvisualvm 命令打开软件,选中进程,进入线程视图,会给出死锁提示:
死锁的预防
- 尽量避免使用多个锁,并且只有需要时才持有锁。
- 如果使用多个锁,一定要设计好锁的获取顺序。
- 使用带有超时的方法,为程序带来更多的可控性,比如指定获取锁的时间最多为5秒,超时就放弃。
- 通过一些代码静态检查工具发现可能存在的死锁问题,比如FindBugs。
总结
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原文链接:https://juejin.cn/post/7003546761461497893