I took the following photo on on a recent holiday in southern Italy:
我最近在意大利南部度假时拍下了这张照片:
I was pleased with the picture, but I could see that the horizon wasn't level, so I adjusted it (a simple rotation). The result was this:
我很满意这张照片,但我可以看到地平线不是水平的,所以我调整了它(简单的旋转)。结果如下:
Now, my horizon looks level, but my lighthouse isn't!
现在,我的视野看起来水平,但我的灯塔不是!
Note that there is some land very faintly visible in the left half of the photo (which would be Albania, I think), but I don't think that affects the horizon. The original photo with a horizontal line on it looks like this:
请注意,在照片的左半部分有一些非常隐约可见的土地(我认为这将是阿尔巴尼亚),但我认为这不会影响地平线。原始照片上有一条水平线,如下所示:
What's going on here!?? How do I make the photo look 'right'?
这里发生了什么!??如何让照片看起来“正确”?
For those that are interested, the photo was taken here
对于那些感兴趣的人,照片是在这里拍的
6 个解决方案
#1
29
Because you are shooting with the camera pointing down, you have convergent verticals. This can be fixed with the perspective tool in your image editor:
因为您在相机朝下拍摄时会产生会聚垂直。可以使用图像编辑器中的透视工具修复此问题:
In theory, you should fix the perspective before you rotate the image to fix the tilt, but when you do it in that order, your have no good reference to fix the perspective, so straightening the horizon first will give a better (if less accurate) result.
理论上,你应该在旋转图像以固定倾斜之前修复透视,但是当你按照这个顺序进行修复时,你没有很好的参考来修复透视,所以首先矫正地平线会给出更好的(如果不太准确) )结果。
#2
15
Ever notice when you try to take a photo of a building from the ground, when you aim up to get the entire building into frame, the building appears to taper towards the top? That happens because the camera is tilted vertically upwards.
当你试图从地面拍摄一幢建筑物的照片时,当你瞄准整个建筑物进入框架时,建筑物似乎朝着顶部逐渐变细?发生这种情况是因为相机垂直向上倾斜。
When the camera is held level (in both the vertical and horizontal axes), all vertical and horizontal lines parallel to the plane of focus appear parallel. That is, they don't appear to converge (possibly somewhere outside the frame).
当摄像机保持水平(在垂直和水平轴上)时,平行于焦平面的所有垂直和水平线看起来是平行的。也就是说,它们似乎没有收敛(可能在框架之外的某个地方)。
In your image, the camera is aimed slightly down, so vertical lines will converge at a point far below the image.
在您的图像中,相机略微向下瞄准,因此垂直线会聚在远离图像的点处。
So, to get the horizon level and the lighthouse vertical (perpendicular to the ground) in the same image, you have to hold the camera level. The easiest way to do that, especially in this scene, is to aim the center of the camera at the horizon.
因此,要在同一图像中获得地平线水平和灯塔垂直(垂直于地面),您必须保持相机水平。最简单的方法是将相机的中心对准地平线,尤其是在这个场景中。
Unfortunately, that might not be the most desirable composition. Crop the result to suit your desired framing.
不幸的是,这可能不是最理想的构成。裁剪结果以适合您所需的框架。
Note that this is exactly what perspective control lenses (also called tilt-shift lenses) do — rather than cropping in post, a PC lens aimed at the horizon, with an off-center shift "selects" the part of the scene in view, while keeping the perspective orthogonal.
请注意,这正是透视控制镜头(也称为倾斜移位镜头)所做的 - 而不是在后期裁剪,瞄准地平线的PC镜头,偏心移位“选择”视野中的部分场景,同时保持透视正交。
#3
6
As others have noted, lines will converge or diverge depending on the angle at which you hold your camera. To fix this in images that have already been captured:
正如其他人所指出的那样,线条会根据您握住相机的角度而收敛或发散。要在已捕获的图像中修复此问题:
-
Use a perspective correction tool, as xenoid describes.
正如xenoid所描述的那样,使用透视校正工具。
-
Use remapping software, such as Hugin, that can calculate an image-specific transformation. This is how lens-correction parameters are calculated.
使用可以计算特定于图像的转换的重映射软件,例如Hugin。这是计算镜片校正参数的方法。
At the scene, you can avoid the problem:
在现场,您可以避免此问题:
-
Keep the camera as level as possible and use a tilt-shift lenses, as scottbb describes.
尽可能保持相机的水平,并使用倾斜移位镜头,正如scottbb所描述的那样。
-
Compose the scene so that important lines are centered. Lines closer to the center of the frame will appear to converge or diverge less than lines toward the edges. In your sample image, you would level the horizon and center the lighthouse. Zoom out so the entire area of interest is captured. Crop to the desired composition in post.
构图场景,使重要的线条居中。靠近框架中心的线条看起来会收敛或发散,而不是朝向边缘的线条。在您的样本图像中,您将平整地平线并使灯塔居中。缩小以捕获整个感兴趣的区域。在后期裁剪成所需的成分。
#4
3
In Lightroom you can use the Transform tool to correct horizontal and vertical lines. https://helpx.adobe.com/lightroom/help/guided-upright-perspective-correction.html
在Lightroom中,您可以使用“变换”工具来校正水平和垂直线条。 https://helpx.adobe.com/lightroom/help/guided-upright-perspective-correction.html
#5
3
I don't know what the horizon looks like to the naked eye but what's the intent of the photo? As a pleasant landscape, to my eyes, the original looks best. The lighthouse appears vertical with its taper intact and the horizon dips as it would if you were looking down at a horizontal line vanishing behind the observer (sit in a chair near the center of a room and look down at the wall/floor intersection and up at the wall/ceiling intersection.) The cloud base appears approximately horizontal, diverging from the horizon, appearing closer on the left adding depth and motion, especially with the shoreline beneath.
我不知道肉眼看到的地平线是什么,但照片的意图是什么?作为一个令人愉快的景观,在我看来,原始看起来最好。灯塔看起来是垂直的,其锥度完好无损,地平线下降,如果你俯视在观察者后面消失的水平线(坐在靠近房间中心的椅子上,俯视墙/地板交叉口向上)在墙/天花板交叉点处。)云底看起来大致水平,偏离地平线,在左边更接近增加深度和运动,特别是在下面的海岸线。
The second photo rotates the right side (it's round, so there's only one side?) of the lighthouse tower vertical, making the entire photo seem tilted even though the horizon is level. The lighthouse wall taper is unnaturally enhanced by the left side appearing tilted to the right, the vertical shadow no longer vertical and the base leaning right. It still maintains well the illusion of depth.
第二张照片旋转了灯塔垂直的右侧(圆形,所以只有一侧?),即使地平线水平,整个照片也会倾斜。左侧倾斜向右,垂直阴影不再垂直,底部向右倾斜,灯塔壁锥度不自然地增强。它仍然保持着深度的幻觉。
The corrected photo is more orthogonal but emphasizes the foreground and loses quite a bit of depth in all three axes. The lighthouse appears to tilt left and the shoreline on the left appears closer or dropping right.
校正的照片更正交但强调前景并且在所有三个轴上都失去了相当多的深度。灯塔似乎向左倾斜,左侧的海岸线看起来更近或向右倾斜。
I once took a great photo of a grove of white birch trunks on the side of a steep golden sunlit grassy hill. With the exception of one tree, all of them were growing normally, straight up with the loner growing slightly to the right but almost perpendicular to the ground. Tilting my camera right so the loner was vertical and the ground approximately horizontal, the resulting image showed a grove of trees all growing tilted oddly left, the one now vertical tree setting the scene. Unless the loner was covered in the photo, it was almost impossible to "see" the artificial tilt that created the photo. Viewers focused on the one straight white tree trunk among the rest, not the slightly sloping ground line.
我曾经在陡峭的金色阳光照射的草山上拍了一张白桦树干的照片。除了一棵树之外,它们都正常生长,直线上升,而独行侠略微向右增长,但几乎垂直于地面。向右倾斜我的相机,使孤独者垂直,地面大致水平,所得到的图像显示了一个树丛,所有树木都在向左倾斜奇怪地倾斜,一个现在垂直的树木设置场景。除非照片中覆盖了孤独者,否则几乎不可能“看到”创建照片的人工倾斜。观众专注于其余的一个直白色树干,而不是略微倾斜的地面线。
The same scene with the mass of trees shown growing as they really were was colorful but ordinary.
与大量树木一样生长的同一场景虽然多姿多彩但却很平凡。
We tend to use vertical lines as references more often than horizontal lines. In your photo, the white lighthouse would likely be picked up first, then the horizon, then cloud base. If the lighthouse tower looks natural, the rest should follow. In a scene where horizontal elements dominate ( straight on street view of a house on level ground, e.g.) they are more important to have level.
我们倾向于使用垂直线作为参考,而不是水平线。在你的照片中,白色灯塔可能会先被拾取,然后是地平线,然后是云底。如果灯塔塔看起来很自然,其余的应该跟随。在水平元素占主导地位的场景中(例如,在平地上的房屋的街道视图上),它们对于具有水平更重要。
#6
1
Sometimes it's easier to do in post with "PhotoShop" or other similar software.
有时使用“PhotoShop”或其他类似软件更容易。
At the location, I use the camera viewfinder frame edge itself as a reference edge by tilting down (or up) until the camera viewfinder frame is near the horizon.
在该位置,我通过向下(或向上)倾斜直到相机取景器框架靠近地平线,将相机取景器框架边缘本身用作参考边缘。
Then, I level the head and lock it in one direction and tilt-up in the orthogonal direction to place the horizon in the best vertical position of "thirds" or whatever floats my boat, um or ship, for the exposure.
然后,我调平头部并将其锁定在一个方向上,并在正交方向上向上倾斜,以将地平线置于“三分之一”的最佳垂直位置,或任何漂浮在我的船,嗯或船上,以进行曝光。
It's a quick two-step procedure.
这是一个快速的两步程序。
#1
29
Because you are shooting with the camera pointing down, you have convergent verticals. This can be fixed with the perspective tool in your image editor:
因为您在相机朝下拍摄时会产生会聚垂直。可以使用图像编辑器中的透视工具修复此问题:
In theory, you should fix the perspective before you rotate the image to fix the tilt, but when you do it in that order, your have no good reference to fix the perspective, so straightening the horizon first will give a better (if less accurate) result.
理论上,你应该在旋转图像以固定倾斜之前修复透视,但是当你按照这个顺序进行修复时,你没有很好的参考来修复透视,所以首先矫正地平线会给出更好的(如果不太准确) )结果。
#2
15
Ever notice when you try to take a photo of a building from the ground, when you aim up to get the entire building into frame, the building appears to taper towards the top? That happens because the camera is tilted vertically upwards.
当你试图从地面拍摄一幢建筑物的照片时,当你瞄准整个建筑物进入框架时,建筑物似乎朝着顶部逐渐变细?发生这种情况是因为相机垂直向上倾斜。
When the camera is held level (in both the vertical and horizontal axes), all vertical and horizontal lines parallel to the plane of focus appear parallel. That is, they don't appear to converge (possibly somewhere outside the frame).
当摄像机保持水平(在垂直和水平轴上)时,平行于焦平面的所有垂直和水平线看起来是平行的。也就是说,它们似乎没有收敛(可能在框架之外的某个地方)。
In your image, the camera is aimed slightly down, so vertical lines will converge at a point far below the image.
在您的图像中,相机略微向下瞄准,因此垂直线会聚在远离图像的点处。
So, to get the horizon level and the lighthouse vertical (perpendicular to the ground) in the same image, you have to hold the camera level. The easiest way to do that, especially in this scene, is to aim the center of the camera at the horizon.
因此,要在同一图像中获得地平线水平和灯塔垂直(垂直于地面),您必须保持相机水平。最简单的方法是将相机的中心对准地平线,尤其是在这个场景中。
Unfortunately, that might not be the most desirable composition. Crop the result to suit your desired framing.
不幸的是,这可能不是最理想的构成。裁剪结果以适合您所需的框架。
Note that this is exactly what perspective control lenses (also called tilt-shift lenses) do — rather than cropping in post, a PC lens aimed at the horizon, with an off-center shift "selects" the part of the scene in view, while keeping the perspective orthogonal.
请注意,这正是透视控制镜头(也称为倾斜移位镜头)所做的 - 而不是在后期裁剪,瞄准地平线的PC镜头,偏心移位“选择”视野中的部分场景,同时保持透视正交。
#3
6
As others have noted, lines will converge or diverge depending on the angle at which you hold your camera. To fix this in images that have already been captured:
正如其他人所指出的那样,线条会根据您握住相机的角度而收敛或发散。要在已捕获的图像中修复此问题:
-
Use a perspective correction tool, as xenoid describes.
正如xenoid所描述的那样,使用透视校正工具。
-
Use remapping software, such as Hugin, that can calculate an image-specific transformation. This is how lens-correction parameters are calculated.
使用可以计算特定于图像的转换的重映射软件,例如Hugin。这是计算镜片校正参数的方法。
At the scene, you can avoid the problem:
在现场,您可以避免此问题:
-
Keep the camera as level as possible and use a tilt-shift lenses, as scottbb describes.
尽可能保持相机的水平,并使用倾斜移位镜头,正如scottbb所描述的那样。
-
Compose the scene so that important lines are centered. Lines closer to the center of the frame will appear to converge or diverge less than lines toward the edges. In your sample image, you would level the horizon and center the lighthouse. Zoom out so the entire area of interest is captured. Crop to the desired composition in post.
构图场景,使重要的线条居中。靠近框架中心的线条看起来会收敛或发散,而不是朝向边缘的线条。在您的样本图像中,您将平整地平线并使灯塔居中。缩小以捕获整个感兴趣的区域。在后期裁剪成所需的成分。
#4
3
In Lightroom you can use the Transform tool to correct horizontal and vertical lines. https://helpx.adobe.com/lightroom/help/guided-upright-perspective-correction.html
在Lightroom中,您可以使用“变换”工具来校正水平和垂直线条。 https://helpx.adobe.com/lightroom/help/guided-upright-perspective-correction.html
#5
3
I don't know what the horizon looks like to the naked eye but what's the intent of the photo? As a pleasant landscape, to my eyes, the original looks best. The lighthouse appears vertical with its taper intact and the horizon dips as it would if you were looking down at a horizontal line vanishing behind the observer (sit in a chair near the center of a room and look down at the wall/floor intersection and up at the wall/ceiling intersection.) The cloud base appears approximately horizontal, diverging from the horizon, appearing closer on the left adding depth and motion, especially with the shoreline beneath.
我不知道肉眼看到的地平线是什么,但照片的意图是什么?作为一个令人愉快的景观,在我看来,原始看起来最好。灯塔看起来是垂直的,其锥度完好无损,地平线下降,如果你俯视在观察者后面消失的水平线(坐在靠近房间中心的椅子上,俯视墙/地板交叉口向上)在墙/天花板交叉点处。)云底看起来大致水平,偏离地平线,在左边更接近增加深度和运动,特别是在下面的海岸线。
The second photo rotates the right side (it's round, so there's only one side?) of the lighthouse tower vertical, making the entire photo seem tilted even though the horizon is level. The lighthouse wall taper is unnaturally enhanced by the left side appearing tilted to the right, the vertical shadow no longer vertical and the base leaning right. It still maintains well the illusion of depth.
第二张照片旋转了灯塔垂直的右侧(圆形,所以只有一侧?),即使地平线水平,整个照片也会倾斜。左侧倾斜向右,垂直阴影不再垂直,底部向右倾斜,灯塔壁锥度不自然地增强。它仍然保持着深度的幻觉。
The corrected photo is more orthogonal but emphasizes the foreground and loses quite a bit of depth in all three axes. The lighthouse appears to tilt left and the shoreline on the left appears closer or dropping right.
校正的照片更正交但强调前景并且在所有三个轴上都失去了相当多的深度。灯塔似乎向左倾斜,左侧的海岸线看起来更近或向右倾斜。
I once took a great photo of a grove of white birch trunks on the side of a steep golden sunlit grassy hill. With the exception of one tree, all of them were growing normally, straight up with the loner growing slightly to the right but almost perpendicular to the ground. Tilting my camera right so the loner was vertical and the ground approximately horizontal, the resulting image showed a grove of trees all growing tilted oddly left, the one now vertical tree setting the scene. Unless the loner was covered in the photo, it was almost impossible to "see" the artificial tilt that created the photo. Viewers focused on the one straight white tree trunk among the rest, not the slightly sloping ground line.
我曾经在陡峭的金色阳光照射的草山上拍了一张白桦树干的照片。除了一棵树之外,它们都正常生长,直线上升,而独行侠略微向右增长,但几乎垂直于地面。向右倾斜我的相机,使孤独者垂直,地面大致水平,所得到的图像显示了一个树丛,所有树木都在向左倾斜奇怪地倾斜,一个现在垂直的树木设置场景。除非照片中覆盖了孤独者,否则几乎不可能“看到”创建照片的人工倾斜。观众专注于其余的一个直白色树干,而不是略微倾斜的地面线。
The same scene with the mass of trees shown growing as they really were was colorful but ordinary.
与大量树木一样生长的同一场景虽然多姿多彩但却很平凡。
We tend to use vertical lines as references more often than horizontal lines. In your photo, the white lighthouse would likely be picked up first, then the horizon, then cloud base. If the lighthouse tower looks natural, the rest should follow. In a scene where horizontal elements dominate ( straight on street view of a house on level ground, e.g.) they are more important to have level.
我们倾向于使用垂直线作为参考,而不是水平线。在你的照片中,白色灯塔可能会先被拾取,然后是地平线,然后是云底。如果灯塔塔看起来很自然,其余的应该跟随。在水平元素占主导地位的场景中(例如,在平地上的房屋的街道视图上),它们对于具有水平更重要。
#6
1
Sometimes it's easier to do in post with "PhotoShop" or other similar software.
有时使用“PhotoShop”或其他类似软件更容易。
At the location, I use the camera viewfinder frame edge itself as a reference edge by tilting down (or up) until the camera viewfinder frame is near the horizon.
在该位置,我通过向下(或向上)倾斜直到相机取景器框架靠近地平线,将相机取景器框架边缘本身用作参考边缘。
Then, I level the head and lock it in one direction and tilt-up in the orthogonal direction to place the horizon in the best vertical position of "thirds" or whatever floats my boat, um or ship, for the exposure.
然后,我调平头部并将其锁定在一个方向上,并在正交方向上向上倾斜,以将地平线置于“三分之一”的最佳垂直位置,或任何漂浮在我的船,嗯或船上,以进行曝光。
It's a quick two-step procedure.
这是一个快速的两步程序。