本文实例讲述了python有证书的加密解密实现方法。分享给大家供大家参考。具体实现方法如下：
最近在做python的加解密工作，同时加完密的串能在php上能解出来，网上也找了一些靠谱的资料，刚好也有时间我就总结了一下python在加密与解密这块的代码，今后可能还能用的上。相对于php而言python这块加解密组件较多的，分别是:
python-crypto - 这个组件是基本组件，使用的函式相对比较复杂。
ezPyCrypto - 相对简单，但他作出来的公私钥无法与其他程序相兼容 SSLCrypto - 与 ezPyCrypto 是相同一个作者开发，效率上要比ezPyCrypto 好。但一样不能与其它程序相兼容。
pyopenssl - 似乎是用在https 通讯上的，而我找不到加解密的用法。
M2Crypto - 终于让我找到了，但它有一大缺点，它底层是用 SWIG 与 OpenSSL 交接的。
在Windows安装SWIG 程序是非常难的。
我选择使用的是M2Crypto，公钥与私钥证书生成有两个方式，一种采用RSA生成，另一种是X509生成。我就把这两种加解密代码分享出来，供大家参考，但转载或使用时请写明出处。
一、 RSA标准方式生成的证书
1.加密解密、加密签名、验证加密签名
复制代码 代码如下:
#encoding: utf8
import os
import M2Crypto
#随机数生成器(1024位随机)
M2Crypto.Rand.rand_seed(os.urandom(1024))
#生成一个1024位公钥与私密钥证书
Geekso = M2Crypto.RSA.gen_key(1024, 65537)
Geekso.save_key('jb51.net-private.pem', None)
Geekso.save_pub_key('jb51.net-public.pem')
#使用公钥证书加密开始
WriteRSA = M2Crypto.RSA.load_pub_key('jb51.net-public.pem')
CipherText = WriteRSA.public_encrypt("这是一个秘密消息,只能用私钥进行解密",M2Crypto.RSA.pkcs1_oaep_padding)
print "加密的串是:"
print CipherText.encode('base64')
#对加密串进行签名
MsgDigest = M2Crypto.EVP.MessageDigest('sha1')
MsgDigest.update(CipherText)
#提示，这里也可以使用私钥签名
#WriteRSA = M2Crypto.RSA.load_key ('jb51.net-private.pem')
#Signature = WriteRSA.sign_rsassa_pss(MsgDigest.digest())
Signature = Geekso.sign_rsassa_pss(MsgDigest.digest())
print "签名的串是:"
print Signature.encode('base64')
#使用私钥证书解密开始
ReadRSA = M2Crypto.RSA.load_key ('jb51.net-private.pem')
try:
PlainText = ReadRSA.private_decrypt (CipherText, M2Crypto.RSA.pkcs1_oaep_padding)
except:
print "解密错误"
PlainText = ""
if PlainText :
print "解密出来的串是:"
print PlainText
# 验证加密串的签名
MsgDigest = M2Crypto.EVP.MessageDigest('sha1')
MsgDigest.update(CipherText)
#提示，如果是用私钥签名的那就用公钥验证
#VerifyRSA = M2Crypto.RSA.load_pub_key('Alice-public.pem')
#VerifyRSA.verify_rsassa_pss(MsgDigest.digest(), Signature)
if Geekso.verify_rsassa_pss(MsgDigest.digest(), Signature) == 1:
print "签名正确"
else:
print "签名不正确"
import os
import M2Crypto
#随机数生成器(1024位随机)
M2Crypto.Rand.rand_seed(os.urandom(1024))
#生成一个1024位公钥与私密钥证书
Geekso = M2Crypto.RSA.gen_key(1024, 65537)
Geekso.save_key('jb51.net-private.pem', None)
Geekso.save_pub_key('jb51.net-public.pem')
#使用公钥证书加密开始
WriteRSA = M2Crypto.RSA.load_pub_key('jb51.net-public.pem')
CipherText = WriteRSA.public_encrypt("这是一个秘密消息,只能用私钥进行解密",M2Crypto.RSA.pkcs1_oaep_padding)
print "加密的串是:"
print CipherText.encode('base64')
#对加密串进行签名
MsgDigest = M2Crypto.EVP.MessageDigest('sha1')
MsgDigest.update(CipherText)
#提示，这里也可以使用私钥签名
#WriteRSA = M2Crypto.RSA.load_key ('jb51.net-private.pem')
#Signature = WriteRSA.sign_rsassa_pss(MsgDigest.digest())
Signature = Geekso.sign_rsassa_pss(MsgDigest.digest())
print "签名的串是:"
print Signature.encode('base64')
#使用私钥证书解密开始
ReadRSA = M2Crypto.RSA.load_key ('jb51.net-private.pem')
try:
PlainText = ReadRSA.private_decrypt (CipherText, M2Crypto.RSA.pkcs1_oaep_padding)
except:
print "解密错误"
PlainText = ""
if PlainText :
print "解密出来的串是:"
print PlainText
# 验证加密串的签名
MsgDigest = M2Crypto.EVP.MessageDigest('sha1')
MsgDigest.update(CipherText)
#提示，如果是用私钥签名的那就用公钥验证
#VerifyRSA = M2Crypto.RSA.load_pub_key('Alice-public.pem')
#VerifyRSA.verify_rsassa_pss(MsgDigest.digest(), Signature)
if Geekso.verify_rsassa_pss(MsgDigest.digest(), Signature) == 1:
print "签名正确"
else:
print "签名不正确"
2.字符串生成签名、验证签名
复制代码 代码如下:
#用私钥签名
SignEVP = M2Crypto.EVP.load_key('jb51.net-private.pem')
SignEVP.sign_init()
SignEVP.sign_update('来自这一客(//www.zzvips.com)的签名串')
StringSignature = SignEVP.sign_final()
print "签名串是:"
print StringSignature.encode('base64')
#用公钥验证签名
PubKey = M2Crypto.RSA.load_pub_key('jb51.net-public.pem')
VerifyEVP = M2Crypto.EVP.PKey()
VerifyEVP.assign_rsa(PubKey)
VerifyEVP.verify_init()
VerifyEVP.verify_update('来自这一客(//www.zzvips.com)的签名串')
if VerifyEVP.verify_final(StringSignature) == 1:
print "字符串被成功验证。"
else:
print "字符串验证失败!"
SignEVP = M2Crypto.EVP.load_key('jb51.net-private.pem')
SignEVP.sign_init()
SignEVP.sign_update('来自这一客(//www.zzvips.com)的签名串')
StringSignature = SignEVP.sign_final()
print "签名串是:"
print StringSignature.encode('base64')
#用公钥验证签名
PubKey = M2Crypto.RSA.load_pub_key('jb51.net-public.pem')
VerifyEVP = M2Crypto.EVP.PKey()
VerifyEVP.assign_rsa(PubKey)
VerifyEVP.verify_init()
VerifyEVP.verify_update('来自这一客(//www.zzvips.com)的签名串')
if VerifyEVP.verify_final(StringSignature) == 1:
print "字符串被成功验证。"
else:
print "字符串验证失败!"
3.给证书加上密码
给证书加密码的好处是即使证书被人拿了，没有密码也用不了。
复制代码 代码如下:
def passphrase(v):
return '4567890'
return '4567890'
生成证书时用
复制代码 代码如下:
Geekso.save_key('jb51.net-private.pem',callback=passphrase)
使用证书时用
复制代码 代码如下:
ReadRSA = RSA.load_key ('jb51.net-private.pem', passphrase)
二、 X509标准方式生成的证书
1.生成证书、公钥文件、私钥文件
复制代码 代码如下:
import time
from M2Crypto import X509, EVP, RSA, ASN1
def issuer_name():
"""
证书发行人名称(专有名称)。
Parameters:
none
Return:
X509标准的发行人obj.
"""
issuer = X509.X509_Name()
issuer.C = "CN" # 国家名称
issuer.CN = "*.jb51.net" # 普通名字
issuer.ST = "Hunan Changsha"
issuer.L = "Hunan Changsha"
issuer.O = "Geekso Company Ltd"
issuer.OU = "Geekso Company Ltd"
issuer.Email = "123456@qq.com"
return issuer
def make_request(bits, cn):
"""
创建一个X509标准的请求。
Parameters:
bits = 证书位数
cn = 证书名称
Return:
返回 X509 request 与 private key (EVP).
"""
rsa = RSA.gen_key(bits, 65537, None)
pk = EVP.PKey()
pk.assign_rsa(rsa)
req = X509.Request()
req.set_pubkey(pk)
name = req.get_subject()
name.C = "US"
name.CN = cn
req.sign(pk,'sha256')
return req, pk
def make_certificate_valid_time(cert, days):
"""
从当前时间算起证书有效期几天。
Parameters:
cert = 证书obj
days = 证书过期的天数
Return:
none
"""
t = long(time.time()) # 获取当前时间
time_now = ASN1.ASN1_UTCTIME()
time_now.set_time(t)
time_exp = ASN1.ASN1_UTCTIME()
time_exp.set_time(t + days * 24 * 60 * 60)
cert.set_not_before(time_now)
cert.set_not_after(time_exp)
def make_certificate(bits):
"""
创建证书
Parameters:
bits = 证快的位数
Return:
证书, 私钥 key (EVP) 与 公钥 key (EVP).
"""
req, pk = make_request(bits, "localhost")
puk = req.get_pubkey()
cert = X509.X509()
cert.set_serial_number(1) # 证书的序例号
cert.set_version(1) # 证书的版本
cert.set_issuer(issuer_name()) # 发行人信息
cert.set_subject(issuer_name()) # 主题信息
cert.set_pubkey(puk)
make_certificate_valid_time(cert, 365) # 证书的过期时间
cert.sign(pk, 'sha256')
return cert, pk, puk
# 开始创建
cert, pk, puk= make_certificate(1024)
cert.save_pem('jb51.net-cret.pem')
pk.save_key('jb51.net-private.pem',cipher = None, callback = lambda: None)
puk.get_rsa().save_pub_key('jb51.net-public.pem')
from M2Crypto import X509, EVP, RSA, ASN1
def issuer_name():
"""
证书发行人名称(专有名称)。
Parameters:
none
Return:
X509标准的发行人obj.
"""
issuer = X509.X509_Name()
issuer.C = "CN" # 国家名称
issuer.CN = "*.jb51.net" # 普通名字
issuer.ST = "Hunan Changsha"
issuer.L = "Hunan Changsha"
issuer.O = "Geekso Company Ltd"
issuer.OU = "Geekso Company Ltd"
issuer.Email = "123456@qq.com"
return issuer
def make_request(bits, cn):
"""
创建一个X509标准的请求。
Parameters:
bits = 证书位数
cn = 证书名称
Return:
返回 X509 request 与 private key (EVP).
"""
rsa = RSA.gen_key(bits, 65537, None)
pk = EVP.PKey()
pk.assign_rsa(rsa)
req = X509.Request()
req.set_pubkey(pk)
name = req.get_subject()
name.C = "US"
name.CN = cn
req.sign(pk,'sha256')
return req, pk
def make_certificate_valid_time(cert, days):
"""
从当前时间算起证书有效期几天。
Parameters:
cert = 证书obj
days = 证书过期的天数
Return:
none
"""
t = long(time.time()) # 获取当前时间
time_now = ASN1.ASN1_UTCTIME()
time_now.set_time(t)
time_exp = ASN1.ASN1_UTCTIME()
time_exp.set_time(t + days * 24 * 60 * 60)
cert.set_not_before(time_now)
cert.set_not_after(time_exp)
def make_certificate(bits):
"""
创建证书
Parameters:
bits = 证快的位数
Return:
证书, 私钥 key (EVP) 与 公钥 key (EVP).
"""
req, pk = make_request(bits, "localhost")
puk = req.get_pubkey()
cert = X509.X509()
cert.set_serial_number(1) # 证书的序例号
cert.set_version(1) # 证书的版本
cert.set_issuer(issuer_name()) # 发行人信息
cert.set_subject(issuer_name()) # 主题信息
cert.set_pubkey(puk)
make_certificate_valid_time(cert, 365) # 证书的过期时间
cert.sign(pk, 'sha256')
return cert, pk, puk
# 开始创建
cert, pk, puk= make_certificate(1024)
cert.save_pem('jb51.net-cret.pem')
pk.save_key('jb51.net-private.pem',cipher = None, callback = lambda: None)
puk.get_rsa().save_pub_key('jb51.net-public.pem')
2.用证书加密、私钥文件解密
复制代码 代码如下:
def geekso_encrypt_with_certificate(message, cert_loc):
"""
cert证书加密，可以用私钥文件解密.
Parameters:
message = 要加密的串
cert_loc = cert证书路径
Return:
加密串 or 异常串
"""
cert = X509.load_cert(cert_loc)
puk = cert.get_pubkey().get_rsa() # get RSA for encryption
message = base64.b64encode(message)
try:
encrypted = puk.public_encrypt(message, RSA.pkcs1_padding)
except RSA.RSAError as e:
return "ERROR encrypting " + e.message
return encrypted
encrypted = geekso_encrypt_with_certificate('www.zzvips.com','jb51.net-cret.pem')
print '加密串',encrypted
def geekso_decrypt_with_private_key(message, pk_loc):
"""
私钥解密证书生成的加密串
Parameters:
message = 加密的串
pk_loc = 私钥路径
Return:
解密串 or 异常串
"""
pk = RSA.load_key(pk_loc) # load RSA for decryption
try:
decrypted = pk.private_decrypt(message, RSA.pkcs1_padding)
decrypted = base64.b64decode(decrypted)
except RSA.RSAError as e:
return "ERROR decrypting " + e.message
return decrypted
print '解密串',geekso_decrypt_with_private_key(encrypted, 'jb51.net-private.pem')
"""
cert证书加密，可以用私钥文件解密.
Parameters:
message = 要加密的串
cert_loc = cert证书路径
Return:
加密串 or 异常串
"""
cert = X509.load_cert(cert_loc)
puk = cert.get_pubkey().get_rsa() # get RSA for encryption
message = base64.b64encode(message)
try:
encrypted = puk.public_encrypt(message, RSA.pkcs1_padding)
except RSA.RSAError as e:
return "ERROR encrypting " + e.message
return encrypted
encrypted = geekso_encrypt_with_certificate('www.zzvips.com','jb51.net-cret.pem')
print '加密串',encrypted
def geekso_decrypt_with_private_key(message, pk_loc):
"""
私钥解密证书生成的加密串
Parameters:
message = 加密的串
pk_loc = 私钥路径
Return:
解密串 or 异常串
"""
pk = RSA.load_key(pk_loc) # load RSA for decryption
try:
decrypted = pk.private_decrypt(message, RSA.pkcs1_padding)
decrypted = base64.b64decode(decrypted)
except RSA.RSAError as e:
return "ERROR decrypting " + e.message
return decrypted
print '解密串',geekso_decrypt_with_private_key(encrypted, 'jb51.net-private.pem')
3.用私钥加密、证书解密
复制代码 代码如下:
def geekso_encrypt_with_private_key(message,pk_loc):
"""
私钥加密
Parameters:
message = 加密的串
pk_loc = 私钥路径
Return:
加密串 or 异常串
"""
ReadRSA = RSA.load_key(pk_loc);
message = base64.b64encode(message)
try:
encrypted = ReadRSA.private_encrypt(message,RSA.pkcs1_padding)
except RSA.RSAError as e:
return "ERROR encrypting " + e.message
return encrypted
encrypted = geekso_encrypt_with_private_key('www.zzvips.com', 'jb51.net-private.pem')
print encrypted
def geekso_decrypt_with_certificate(message, cert_loc):
"""
cert证书解密.
Parameters:
message = 要解密的串
cert_loc = cert证书路径
Return:
解密后的串 or 异常串
"""
cert = X509.load_cert(cert_loc)
puk = cert.get_pubkey().get_rsa()
try:
decrypting = puk.public_decrypt(message, RSA.pkcs1_padding)
decrypting = base64.b64decode(decrypting)
except RSA.RSAError as e:
return "ERROR decrypting " + e.message
return decrypting
decrypting = geekso_decrypt_with_certificate(encrypted, 'jb51.net-cret.pem')
print decrypting
"""
私钥加密
Parameters:
message = 加密的串
pk_loc = 私钥路径
Return:
加密串 or 异常串
"""
ReadRSA = RSA.load_key(pk_loc);
message = base64.b64encode(message)
try:
encrypted = ReadRSA.private_encrypt(message,RSA.pkcs1_padding)
except RSA.RSAError as e:
return "ERROR encrypting " + e.message
return encrypted
encrypted = geekso_encrypt_with_private_key('www.zzvips.com', 'jb51.net-private.pem')
print encrypted
def geekso_decrypt_with_certificate(message, cert_loc):
"""
cert证书解密.
Parameters:
message = 要解密的串
cert_loc = cert证书路径
Return:
解密后的串 or 异常串
"""
cert = X509.load_cert(cert_loc)
puk = cert.get_pubkey().get_rsa()
try:
decrypting = puk.public_decrypt(message, RSA.pkcs1_padding)
decrypting = base64.b64decode(decrypting)
except RSA.RSAError as e:
return "ERROR decrypting " + e.message
return decrypting
decrypting = geekso_decrypt_with_certificate(encrypted, 'jb51.net-cret.pem')
print decrypting
4.用私钥签名、证书验证签名
复制代码 代码如下:
def geekso_sign_with_private_key(message, pk_loc, base64 = True):
"""
私钥签名
Parameters:
message = 待签名的串
pk_loc = 私钥路径
base64 = True(bease64处理) False(16进制处理)
Return:
签名后的串 or 异常串
"""
pk = EVP.load_key(pk_loc)
pk.sign_init()
try:
pk.sign_update(message)
signature = pk.sign_final()
except EVP.EVPError as e:
return "ERROR signature " + e.message
return signature.encode('base64') if base64 is True else signature.encode('hex')
signature = geekso_sign_with_private_key('www.zzvips.com','jb51.net-private.pem')
print signature
def geekso_verifysign_with_certificate(message, signature, cert_loc, base64 = True):
"""
证书验证签名
Parameters:
message = 原来签名的串
signature = 签名后的串
cert_loc = 证书路径文件
base64 = True(bease64处理) False(16进制处理)
Return:
成功or失败串 or 异常串
"""
signature = signature.decode('base64') if base64 is True else signature.decode('hex')
cert = X509.load_cert(cert_loc)
puk = cert.get_pubkey().get_rsa()
try:
verifyEVP = EVP.PKey()
verifyEVP.assign_rsa(puk)
verifyEVP.verify_init()
verifyEVP.verify_update(message)
verifysign = verifyEVP.verify_final(signature)
if verifysign == 1 :
return '成功'
else :
return '失败'
except EVP.EVPError as e:
return "ERROR Verify Sign " + e.message
print geekso_verifysign_with_certificate('www.zzvips.com', signature, 'jb51.net-cret.pem')
"""
私钥签名
Parameters:
message = 待签名的串
pk_loc = 私钥路径
base64 = True(bease64处理) False(16进制处理)
Return:
签名后的串 or 异常串
"""
pk = EVP.load_key(pk_loc)
pk.sign_init()
try:
pk.sign_update(message)
signature = pk.sign_final()
except EVP.EVPError as e:
return "ERROR signature " + e.message
return signature.encode('base64') if base64 is True else signature.encode('hex')
signature = geekso_sign_with_private_key('www.zzvips.com','jb51.net-private.pem')
print signature
def geekso_verifysign_with_certificate(message, signature, cert_loc, base64 = True):
"""
证书验证签名
Parameters:
message = 原来签名的串
signature = 签名后的串
cert_loc = 证书路径文件
base64 = True(bease64处理) False(16进制处理)
Return:
成功or失败串 or 异常串
"""
signature = signature.decode('base64') if base64 is True else signature.decode('hex')
cert = X509.load_cert(cert_loc)
puk = cert.get_pubkey().get_rsa()
try:
verifyEVP = EVP.PKey()
verifyEVP.assign_rsa(puk)
verifyEVP.verify_init()
verifyEVP.verify_update(message)
verifysign = verifyEVP.verify_final(signature)
if verifysign == 1 :
return '成功'
else :
return '失败'
except EVP.EVPError as e:
return "ERROR Verify Sign " + e.message
print geekso_verifysign_with_certificate('www.zzvips.com', signature, 'jb51.net-cret.pem')
希望本文所述对大家的Python程序设计有所帮助。