JAVA实现AES 解密报错Input length must be multiple of 16 when decrypting with padded cipher

时间:2025-03-19 11:52:12

博客引用处(以下内容在原有博客基础上进行补充或更改,谢谢这些大牛的博客指导):

JAVA实现AES加密

加密代码

        /**
         * 加密
         * 
         * @param content 需要加密的内容
         * @param password  加密密码
         * @return
         */
        public static byte[] encrypt(String content, String password) {
                try {           
                        KeyGenerator kgen = ("AES");
                        (128, new SecureRandom(()));
                        SecretKey secretKey = ();
                        byte[] enCodeFormat = ();
                        SecretKeySpec key = new SecretKeySpec(enCodeFormat, "AES");
                        Cipher cipher = ("AES");// 创建密码器
                        byte[] byteContent = ("utf-8");
                        (Cipher.ENCRYPT_MODE, key);// 初始化
                        byte[] result = (byteContent);
                        return result; // 加密
                } catch (NoSuchAlgorithmException e) {
                        ();
                } catch (NoSuchPaddingException e) {
                        ();
                } catch (InvalidKeyException e) {
                        ();
                } catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e) {
                        ();
                } catch (IllegalBlockSizeException e) {
                        ();
                } catch (BadPaddingException e) {
                        ();
                }
                return null;
        }

解密代码

        /**解密
         * 解密的时候要传入byte数组
         * @param content  待解密内容
         * @param password 解密密钥
         * @return
         */
        public static byte[] decrypt(byte[] content, String password) {
                try {
                         KeyGenerator kgen = ("AES");
                         (128, new SecureRandom(()));
                         SecretKey secretKey = ();
                         byte[] enCodeFormat = ();
                         SecretKeySpec key = new SecretKeySpec(enCodeFormat, "AES");            
                         Cipher cipher = ("AES");// 创建密码器
                        (Cipher.DECRYPT_MODE, key);// 初始化
                        byte[] result = (content);
                        return result; // 加密
                } catch (NoSuchAlgorithmException e) {
                        ();
                } catch (NoSuchPaddingException e) {
                        ();
                } catch (InvalidKeyException e) {
                        ();
                } catch (IllegalBlockSizeException e) {
                        ();
                } catch (BadPaddingException e) {
                        ();
                }
                return null;
        }

测试代码

           String content = "test";
           String password = "12345678";
           //加密
           ("加密前:" + content);
           byte[] encryptResult = encrypt(content, password);
           //解密
           byte[] decryptResult = decrypt(encryptResult,password);
           ("解密后:" + new String(decryptResult));

输出结果如下:
加密前:test
解密后:test

容易出错的地方:
如果我们将测试代码修改一下,如下:

           String content = "test";
           String password = "12345678";
           //加密
           ("加密前:" + content);
           byte[] encryptResult = encrypt(content, password);
           try {
                   String encryptResultStr = new String(encryptResult,"utf-8");
                   //解密
                   byte[] decryptResult = decrypt(("utf-8"),password);
                   ("解密后:" + new String(decryptResult));
           } catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e) {
                   ();
           }

则,系统会报出如下异常:

: Input length must be multiple of 16 when decrypting with padded cipher
        at .SunJCE_f.b(DashoA13*..)
        at .SunJCE_f.b(DashoA13*..)
        at (DashoA13*..)
        at (DashoA13*..)

这主要是因为加密后的byte数组是不能强制转换成字符串的,换言之:字符串和byte数组在这种情况下不是互逆的;要避免这种情况,我们需要做一些修订,可以考虑将二进制数据转换成十六进制表示,主要有如下两个方法:

二进制转换成16进制

        /**将二进制转换成16进制
         * @param buf
         * @return
         */
        public static String parseByte2HexStr(byte buf[]) {
                StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer();
                for (int i = 0; i < ; i++) {
                        String hex = (buf[i] & 0xFF);
                        if (() == 1) {
                                hex = '0' + hex;
                        }
                        (());
                }
                return ();
        }

16进制转换为二进制

        /**将16进制转换为二进制
         * @param hexStr
         * @return
         */
        public static byte[] parseHexStr2Byte(String hexStr) {
                if (() < 1)
                        return null;
                byte[] result = new byte[()/2];
                for (int i = 0;i< ()/2; i++) {
                        int high = ((i*2, i*2+1), 16);
                        int low = ((i*2+1, i*2+2), 16);
                        result[i] = (byte) (high * 16 + low);
                }
                return result;
        }

然后,我们再修订以上测试代码,如下:

           String content = "test";
           String password = "12345678";
           //加密
           ("加密前:" + content);
           byte[] encryptResult = encrypt(content, password);
           String encryptResultStr = parseByte2HexStr(encryptResult);
           ("加密后:" + encryptResultStr);
           //解密
           byte[] decryptFrom = parseHexStr2Byte(encryptResultStr);
           byte[] decryptResult = decrypt(decryptFrom,password);
           ("解密后:" + new String(decryptResult));

测试结果如下:
加密前:test
加密后:73C58BAFE578C59366D8C995CD0B9D6D
解密后:test

另外一种加密方式

   /**
         * 加密
         *
         * @param content 需要加密的内容
         * @param password  加密密码
         * @return
         */
        public static byte[] encrypt2(String content, String password) {
                try {
                        SecretKeySpec key = new SecretKeySpec((), "AES");
                        Cipher cipher = ("AES/ECB/NoPadding");
                        byte[] byteContent = ("utf-8");
                        (Cipher.ENCRYPT_MODE, key);// 初始化
                        byte[] result = (byteContent);
                        return result; // 加密
                } catch (NoSuchAlgorithmException e) {
                        ();
                } catch (NoSuchPaddingException e) {
                        ();
                } catch (InvalidKeyException e) {
                        ();
                } catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e) {
                        ();
                } catch (IllegalBlockSizeException e) {
                        ();
                } catch (BadPaddingException e) {
                        ();
                }
                return null;
        }

这种加密方式有两种限制
密钥必须是16位的
待加密内容的长度必须是16的倍数,如果不是16的倍数,就会出如下异常:

: Input length not multiple of 16 bytes
        at .SunJCE_f.a(DashoA13*..)
        at .SunJCE_f.b(DashoA13*..)
        at .SunJCE_f.b(DashoA13*..)
        at (DashoA13*..)
        at (DashoA13*..)

要解决如上异常,可以通过补全传入加密内容等方式进行避免。