对andriod系统层进行开发,或者进行移植时,时常需要添加文件到编译体系中,在最终的编译中复制到out中,最后打包成镜像,这里总结一下Copy File 方法,这里以我的 android 4.2.1为例.
如有不对或者有其它的新招,欢迎拍砖留言~
一.PRODUCT_COPY_FILES :
这个变量就是用来标记Copy操作的,比较常见的形式如下:
- #jscese cp 3g script and
- PRODUCT_COPY_FILES += \
- $(DEVICE_SOURCES)/3g-script/ip-up-datakey:system/etc/ppp/ip-up-datakey \
- $(DEVICE_SOURCES)/3g-script/ip-down-datakey:system/etc/ppp/ip-down-datakey \
- $(DEVICE_SOURCES)/3g-script/-pppd:system/etc/ppp/-pppd \
- device/sample/etc/:system/etc/ \
- #external/usb-modeswitch/usb_modeswitch.d:system/etc/usb_modeswitch.d
- #PRODUCT_COPY_FILES += \
- #$(DEVICE_SOURCES)/3g-script/ip-down-datakey:system/etc/ppp/ip-down-datakey
-
- #end
可以看到 格式<source file>:<dest file> 中间用 “ : ” 隔开!
编译过源码的都知道在最开始 编译的时候 都会出现:
- PRODUCT_COPY_FILES frameworks/base/data/sounds/effects/ogg/Effect_Tick.ogg:system/media/audio/ui/Effect_Tick.ogg ignored.
- PRODUCT_COPY_FILES frameworks/base/data/sounds/effects/ogg/:system/media/audio/ui/ ignored.
- PRODUCT_COPY_FILES frameworks/base/data/sounds/effects/ogg/:system/media/audio/ui/ ignored.
- PRODUCT_COPY_FILES frameworks/base/data/sounds/effects/ogg/:system/media/audio/ui/ ignored.
- PRODUCT_COPY_FILES frameworks/base/data/sounds/effects/ogg/:system/media/audio/ui/ ignored.
- ...
这样的打印,现在告诉你这东西在哪里打出来的~
/build/core/Makefile
中最开始的:
- # -----------------------------------------------------------------
- # Define rules to copy PRODUCT_COPY_FILES defined by the product.
- # PRODUCT_COPY_FILES contains words like <source file>:<dest file>[:<owner>].
- # <dest file> is relative to $(PRODUCT_OUT), so it should look like,
- # ., "system/etc/".
- # The filter part means "only eval the copy-one-file rule if this
- # src:dest pair is the first one to match the same dest"
- #$(1): the src:dest pair
- define check-product-copy-files
- $(if $(filter %.apk, $(1)),$(error \
- Prebuilt apk found in PRODUCT_COPY_FILES: $(1), use BUILD_PREBUILT instead!))
- endef
- # filter out the duplicate <source file>:<dest file> pairs.
- unique_product_copy_files_pairs :=
- $(foreach cf,$(PRODUCT_COPY_FILES), \
- $(if $(filter $(unique_product_copy_files_pairs),$(cf)),,\
- $(eval unique_product_copy_files_pairs += $(cf))))
- unique_product_copy_files_destinations :=
- $(foreach cf,$(unique_product_copy_files_pairs), \
- $(eval _src := $(call word-colon,1,$(cf))) \
- $(eval _dest := $(call word-colon,2,$(cf))) \
- $(call check-product-copy-files,$(cf)) \
- $(if $(filter $(unique_product_copy_files_destinations),$(_dest)), \
- $(info PRODUCT_COPY_FILES $(cf) ignored.), \
- $(eval _fulldest := $(call append-path,$(PRODUCT_OUT),$(_dest))) \
- $(if $(filter %.xml,$(_dest)),\
- $(eval $(call copy-xml-file-checked,$(_src),$(_fulldest))),\
- $(eval $(call copy-one-file,$(_src),$(_fulldest)))) \
- $(eval ALL_DEFAULT_INSTALLED_MODULES += $(_fulldest)) \
- $(eval unique_product_copy_files_destinations += $(_dest))))
- unique_product_copy_files_pairs :=
- unique_product_copy_files_destinations :=
这就是 PRODUCT_COPY_FILES 起作用的地方! 可以看上面注释,描述了规则用法,只能copy file!
也就是上面编译打印的出处,代表忽略项. 详细的规则可跟进去细看,无非是依赖Copy之类的.
这里需要注意一点, PRODUCT_COPY_FILES 不能在 中使用 添加新的Copy 项!
详情可看/build/core/ 中的:
- # Can't use first-makefiles-under here because
- # --mindepth=2 makes the prunes not work.
- subdir_makefiles := \
- $(shell build/tools/ --prune=out --prune=.repo --prune=.git $(subdirs) )
-
- include $(subdir_makefiles)
-
- endif # ONE_SHOT_MAKEFILE
-
- # Now with all loaded we can do post cleaning steps.
- include $(BUILD_SYSTEM)/post_clean.mk
-
- ifeq ($(stash_product_vars),true)
- $(call assert-product-vars, __STASHED)
- endif
在这里加载所有的 ,重点在后面的 assert-product-vars 函数:
- #
- # Assert that the the variable stashed by stash-product-vars remains untouched.
- # $(1): The prefix as supplied to stash-product-vars
- #
- define assert-product-vars
- $(strip \
- $(eval changed_variables:=)
- $(foreach v,$(_product_stash_var_list), \
- $(if $(call streq,$($(v)),$($(strip $(1))_$(call rot13,$(v)))),, \
- $(eval $(warning $(v) has been modified: $($(v)))) \
- $(eval $(warning previous value: $($(strip $(1))_$(call rot13,$(v))))) \
- $(eval changed_variables := $(changed_variables) $(v))) \
- ) \
- $(if $(changed_variables),\
- $(eval $(error The following variables have been changed: $(changed_variables))),)
- )
- endef
如果有改变就会报错的,编译出错如下:
- build/core/:528: *** The following variables have been changed: PRODUCT_COPY_FILES。 停止。
使用 PRODUCT_COPY_FILES 应该算是最常用的Copy File 的方法了,一般可直接加在 中!
二 .copy_to copy_from ALL_PREBUILT:
这个方法用在中,可参考 /system/core/rootdir/:
- copy_from += etc/
-
- copy_to := $(addprefix $(TARGET_OUT)/,$(copy_from))
- copy_from := $(addprefix $(LOCAL_PATH)/,$(copy_from))
-
- $(copy_to) : PRIVATE_MODULE := system_etcdir
- $(copy_to) : $(TARGET_OUT)/% : $(LOCAL_PATH)/% | $(ACP)
- $(transform-prebuilt-to-target)
-
- ALL_PREBUILT += $(copy_to)
可以看到copy_from 就是需要copy的,copy_to 就是目的地!
可以看下规则,定义在/build/core/中:
- # Copy a prebuilt file to a target location.
- define transform-prebuilt-to-target
- @echo "$(if $(PRIVATE_IS_HOST_MODULE),host,target) Prebuilt: $(PRIVATE_MODULE) ($@)"
- $(copy-file-to-target)
- endef
- define copy-file-to-target
- @mkdir -p $(dir $@)
- $(hide) $(ACP) -fp $< $@
- endef
需要注意的是,如果我们自己添加一些文件到 copy_from中,就会出现 :
- build/core/:533: *** Some files have been added to ALL_PREBUILT.
- build/core/:534: *
- build/core/:535: * ALL_PREBUILT is a deprecated mechanism that
- build/core/:536: * should not be used for new files.
- build/core/:537: * As an alternative, use PRODUCT_COPY_FILES in
- build/core/:538: * the appropriate product definition.
- build/core/:539: * build/target/product/ is the product
- build/core/:540: * definition used in all products.
- build/core/:541: *
- build/core/:542: * unexpected usb_modeswitch.h in ALL_PREBUILT
- build/core/:542: * unexpected usb_modeswitch.sh in ALL_PREBUILT
- build/core/:542: * unexpected usb_modeswitch.tcl in ALL_PREBUILT
- build/core/:543: *
- build/core/:544: *** ALL_PREBUILT contains unexpected files。 停止。
错误发生在
/build/core/
- include $(BUILD_SYSTEM)/legacy_prebuilts.mk
- ifneq ($(filter-out $(GRANDFATHERED_ALL_PREBUILT),$(strip $(notdir $(ALL_PREBUILT)))),)
- $(warning *** Some files have been added to ALL_PREBUILT.)
- $(warning *)
- $(warning * ALL_PREBUILT is a deprecated mechanism that)
- $(warning * should not be used for new files.)
- $(warning * As an alternative, use PRODUCT_COPY_FILES in)
- $(warning * the appropriate product definition.)
- $(warning * build/target/product/ is the product)
- $(warning * definition used in all products.)
- $(warning *)
- $(foreach bad_prebuilt,$(filter-out $(GRANDFATHERED_ALL_PREBUILT),$(strip $(notdir $(ALL_PREBUILT)))),$(warning * unexpected $(bad_prebuilt) in ALL_PREBUILT))
- $(warning *)
- $(error ALL_PREBUILT contains unexpected files)
- endif
上面的打印信息告诉我们 ALL_PREBUILT 是一种过时的机制,已经不让用于copy新的文件了,推荐使用PRODUCT_COPY_FILES !
而可以添加进 ALL_PREBUILT 变量的成员定义在 legacy_prebuilts.mk中:
- # This is the list of modules grandfathered to use ALL_PREBUILT
-
- # DO NOT ADD ANY NEW MODULE TO THIS FILE
- #
- # ALL_PREBUILT modules are hard to control and audit and we don't want
- # to add any new such module in the system
-
- GRANDFATHERED_ALL_PREBUILT := \
- akmd2 \
- am \
- ap_gain.bin \
-
- ...
注释写的很明白了!
所以如果我们自己想加个文件编译copy ,就不能使用 copy_from copy_to ALL_prebuilt 这种机制 !
三 .BUILD_PREBUILT :
这种方式把文件当成编译项目,在中copy一个file:
- LOCAL_PATH := $(call my-dir)
-
- include $(CLEAR_VARS) \
- LOCAL_MODULE := usb_modeswitch.conf \
- LOCAL_MODULE_CLASS := ETC \
- LOCAL_MODULE_PATH := $(TARGET_OUT)/etc \
- LOCAL_SRC_FILES :=$(LOCAL_MODULE) \
- include $(BUILD_PREBUILT)
上面的就是copy usb_modeswitch.conf 文件到 OUT 下面的 etc目录,这个目录常用来存放配置相关文件。
上面所有的都说的是Copy File 但是如果需要 Copy 一个文件目录下所有就需要另做操作了!
四 .Copy Directory
以我前面的博客 Android——4.2 - 3G移植之路之usb-modeswitch (二) 中copy 数据目录 为例.
在那里的 中我使用了shell命令Copy:
- $(shell cp -rf $(LOCAL_PATH)/usb_modeswitch.d $(TARGET_OUT)/etc/usb_modeswitch.d)
这样做在源码已经编译好了的情况下,是没有问题的,因为$(TARGET_OUT)/etc 目录已经存在,但是作为新编译是不会Copy的,
所以说在android的编译体系中 还得按照android提供的机制来进行操作,像这种shell取巧,是方便,但不是正途!
我现在的处理:
在上面的shell的地方 include 处理Copy 的mk文件,内容如下:
- # $(1): module name
- # $(2): source file
- # $(3): destination directory
- define include-prebuilt-with-destination-directory
- include $$(CLEAR_VARS)
- LOCAL_MODULE := $(1)
- LOCAL_ADDITIONAL_DEPENDENCIES := $(LOCAL_PATH)/usb_modeswitch_data.mk
- LOCAL_MODULE_STEM := $(notdir $(2))
- LOCAL_MODULE_TAGS := optional
- LOCAL_MODULE_CLASS := ETC
- LOCAL_MODULE_PATH := $(3)
- LOCAL_SRC_FILES := $(2)
- include $$(BUILD_PREBUILT)
- endef
-
- #== rename 's/:/_/' * ==#
-
-
- usb_modeswitch_data := $(notdir $(wildcard $(LOCAL_PATH)/usb_modeswitch.d/*))
-
- $(warning jscese display -usb_modeswitch_data--$(usb_modeswitch_data))
-
- usb_modeswitch_data_target_directory := $(TARGET_OUT)/etc/usb_modeswitch.d
- $(foreach data, $(usb_modeswitch_data), $(eval $(call include-prebuilt-with-destination-directory,target-data-$(notdir $(data)),usb_modeswitch.d/$(data),$(usb_modeswitch_data_target_directory))))
- usb_modeswitch_data_target := $(addprefix $(usb_modeswitch_data_target_directory)/,$(foreach cacert,$(usb_modeswitch_data),$(notdir $(usb_modeswitch_data))))
- .PHONY: usb_modeswitch_data_target
- usb_modeswitch_data: $(usb_modeswitch_data_target)
-
- # This is so that build/target/product/ can use usb_modeswitch_data in PRODUCT_PACKAGES
- ALL_MODULES.usb_modeswitch_data.INSTALLED := $(usb_modeswitch_data_target)
可以看到原理同 Copy 一个单独的 File是一样的 BUILD_PREBUILT ,只不过是遍历了一下文件夹,而且把这个当成一个module来处理 写进
PRODUCT_PACKAGES
关于PRODUCT_PACKAGES 变量的作用可参考我之前的博文 Android——编译安装Module的控制因素
另外因为文件名称都是 XXXX:XXXX类型,我这里先在直接使用reanme命令把:全替换成 _
如果不替换,导致传入文件的时候 makefile 把中间的 : 可能当成了依赖符号~ 会报错
我如果使用subst 把:换成 \: 添加进去转义符号,好像是文件又找不到,不知道有没有遇到过这种情况.....