在鸿蒙sdk9之前,ets语法基本与ts/js一致,属于弱语言类型,若你之前,用vue或其它前端框架,写过同项目的小程序,那么里面的逻辑代码部分(如网络请求等)可以直接复制粘贴进ets,稍作修改就可使用!
但在鸿蒙sdk10以后,ets强制使用静态类型,也就是变为类似java,kotlin这样的强语言类型,书写变量时必须指定变量类型,否则报错(当然一些基础变量如 number string等可以直接初始化为对应类型,免写变量类型)!另外,新的sdk已不再支持var关键字,统一使用let!
//指定变量类型
let a:number=0
let b:string="Hello World"
//基础变量或已知变量类型时,可免写变量类型
let c=0
let d="Hello World"
什么情况下必须指定变量类型呢?
以往我们在js中,使用JSON.parse可以将一个json字符串转为对象,并直接调用对象里的变量:
let obj = JSON.parse("{\"id\":1,\"name\":\"刘德华\"}")
console.log(obj.id + "," + obj.name)
但在最新鸿蒙sdk中,已不再支持这种写法,会报错“Use explicit types instead of “any”, “unknown””,必须指定变量类型:
以下这样才是对的:
- 先生成json对于的class类:
export class Test{
id: number=0
name: string=""
}
- 再解析json:
let obj: Test = JSON.parse("{\"id\":1,\"name\":\"刘德华\"}")
console.log(obj.id + "," + obj.name)
并且,它还支持泛型,这对于原安卓/java开发者来说,就再熟悉不过了,非常实用:
getData<T>(json: string): BaseBean<T> {
let result: BaseBean<T> = JSON.parse(json)
return result
}
...
let test = this.getData<TestBean>(json)
console.log("test>>" + test.code + "," + test.msg + "," + test.data.id + "," + test.data.name)
有了这个支持,那在书写网络请求框架方面,体验将非常棒,堪比原生!
下面我就把网络请求部分代码直接贴出,并写一个简单的请求示例:
请求工具类request.ets:
import { http } from '@kit.NetworkKit';
import { BaseResult } from './bean/BaseResult';
import { RequestError } from './bean/RequestError';
function buildHeader(): Map<string, object> {
let header: Map<string, object> = new Map<string, object>()
header["Content-Type"] = "application/json"
return header
}
export function get<T>(url: string): Promise<T> {
return req<T>(http.RequestMethod.GET, url, undefined)
}
export function post<T>(url: string, params?: Map<string, object>): Promise<T> {
return req<T>(http.RequestMethod.POST, url, params)
}
async function req<T>(method: http.RequestMethod, url: string, params?: Map<string, object>) {
//每一个httpRequest对应一个http请求任务,不可复用
let httpRequest = http.createHttp()
let header = buildHeader()
let paramsStr = JSON.stringify(params)
return new Promise((resolve: (value: T) => void, reject: (reason?: RequestError) => void) => {
httpRequest.request(url, {
method: method,
header: header,
extraData: paramsStr,
connectTimeout: 30000, // 可选,默认为60s
readTimeout: 30000, // 可选,默认为60s
}, (err, data) => {
if (!err) {
if (data.responseCode == 200) {
let response = data.result.toString()
let res: BaseResult<T> = JSON.parse(response)
if (res.errorCode == 0) {
resolve(res.data)
} else {
reject(new RequestError(res.errorCode, res.errorMsg))
}
} else {
reject(new RequestError(data.responseCode, ""))
}
} else {
reject(new RequestError(-1, JSON.stringify(err)))
}
})
})
}
BaseResult:
export interface BaseResult<T> {
errorCode: 0,
errorMsg: string,
data: T
}
RequestError:
export class RequestError {
errorCode: number = 0
errorMsg: string = ""
constructor(errorCode: number, errorMsg: string) {
this.errorCode = errorCode
this.errorMsg = errorMsg
}
}
每个模块对应一个Api请求类:
TestApi:
import { get, post } from '../request'
import { IndexModel } from './IndexModel'
import { LoginModel } from './LoginModel'
export default class TestApi {
public static login(username: string, password: string): Promise<LoginModel> {
let param: Map<string, object> = new Map<string, object>()
param["username"] = username
param["password"] = password
return post("https://www.wanandroid.com/user/login", param)
}
public static getIndex(): Promise<IndexModel> {
return get("https://www.wanandroid.com/article/list/1/json")
}
}
json对象:
export interface LoginModel {
id: number
username: string
}
export interface IndexModel {
curPage: number
datas: Array<ItemModel>
}
export interface ItemModel {
adminAdd: boolean;
apkLink: string;
audit: number;
author: string;
...
}
注意,我这里对象类使用的是interface,而非class,两者的区别,可以自行百度一下,这里只说一点,interface不用初始化变量,而class中的变量必须初始化,否则报错!
请求示例:
//登录(由于随便写的用户名和密码,报错是必然的,这里仅演示post请求)
TestApi.login("liudehua", "123456").then(data => {
if (data) {
console.log("登录成功:" + data.username)
}
}).catch((error: RequestError) => {
console.log("登录error:" + error.errorCode + "," + error.errorMsg)
})
//获取首页数据
TestApi.getIndex().then(data => {
if (data) {
console.log("获取首页数据成功:" + data.curPage + "," + data.datas.length)
}
}).catch((error: RequestError) => {
console.log("获取首页数据error:" + error.errorCode + "," + error.errorMsg)
})
返回结果:
贴心小提示:json对象的生成,如果变量全部手敲的话,那就太费时费力了,在早期DevEcoSutdio中有一个JsonToTS的插件可以使用,将json转为ts类型,但新版本中这个插件不兼容了,需要等待作者更新!此时,可以在Vscode中,安装一个json to ts的插件,复制json代码,然后使用ctrl+shift+v快捷键,便直接生成ts代码了,还是很方便的!