在 java web开发过程中，难免会有一些系统异常或人为产生一些异常。在 RESTful springboot 项目中如何优雅的处理？
分析：在RESTful 风格的springboot 项目中，返回的都是 body 对象，所以定义一个结果基类，其中包含 status,message,data(请求方法的返回结果),是比较合适的。
如果定义多个异常类进行处理，会比较麻烦。比如StudentNotExistsException、StudentExistsException。。。等，并且不能指定错误码，不方便前端根据错误码进行处理。
说明：一般的spring mvc模型处理流程如下
一般controller层 -> Service层 -> Dao层。
1.controller层，接受请求，进行分页，DTO对象封装操作。
2.service层，执行逻辑，控制并发，事务。
3.Dao层，与数据库交互。
使用一个学生表的处理进行说明：
1、定义常见的错误枚举 StudentExceptionEnum
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public enum StudentExceptionEnum {
STUDENT_NOT_EXIST(1004,"学生不存在，请确认后再查"),
STUDENT_EXIST(1005,"学生已存在");
private Integer status;
private String comment;
StudentExceptionEnum(Integer status, String comment) {
this.status = status;
this.comment = comment;
}
public Integer getStatus() {
return status;
}
public void setStatus(Integer status) {
this.status = status;
}
public String getComment() {
return comment;
}
public void setComment(String comment) {
this.comment = comment;
}
}
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2 定义一个基本的处理结果类 RequestResult
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@Data
public class RequestResult {
private String message;
private Integer status;
private Object data;
public RequestResult(String message, Integer status, Object data) {
this.message = message;
this.status = status;
this.data = data;
}
public RequestResult(String message, Integer status) {
this.message = message;
this.status = status;
}
public RequestResult(String message, StudentExceptionEnum requestExceptionEnum) {
this.message = message;
this.status = requestExceptionEnum.getStatus();
}
public RequestResult() {
status = 200;
message = "ok";
}
public static RequestResult OK(Object data) {
RequestResult result = new RequestResult();
result.setData(data);
return result;
}
public static RequestResult EXCEPTION(String message, Integer status) {
return new RequestResult(message, status);
}
public static RequestResult EXCEPTION(String message, StudentExceptionEnum requestExceptionEnum) {
return new RequestResult(message, requestExceptionEnum);
}
}
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3 实体类 Student
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@Data
public class Student implements Serializable{
private String id;
private String nickname;
private String name;
private int age;
private String sex;
private String address;
@Override
public String toString() {
return ToStringBuilder.reflectionToString(this);
}
}
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4 处理请求，添加学生，nickname 必填项。此处只显示 Service 片段代码
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@Override
public RequestResult addStudent(Student student) {
if (studentDao.queryIdByNickname(student.getNickname()) == null) {
studentDao.addStudent(student);
System.out.println("添加成功");
student = studentDao.queryByNickname(student.getNickname());
return RequestResult.OK(student);
} else {
return RequestResult.EXCEPTION("用户" + student.getNickname() + "已存在", StudentExceptionEnum.STUDENT_EXIST);
}
}
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5 此时，已经完成了基本的处理情况。下面就进行基本的测试了
5.1 添加一个新同学信息
5.2 再次添加让其出现异常测试
二、到此基本已大功告成，但是，对于基本的运行时异常没有处理，直接返回给前端会很不友好。所以要定义一个全局的 RuntimeException 异常处理类。
此处需要使用的关键标注： @ExceptionHandler
用法有两种 1）在处理请求的 Controller 中添加 @ExceptionHandler，此时该方法只会处理该 Controller 抛出的异常。
2）将其用在全局的异常处理类中，全局异常处理类需要使用 @RestControllerAdvice 或 @ControllerAdvice 标记
我们需要处理全局的 RuntimeException，所以我们使用第二种方法。当然，这样处理是为了客户友好型，我们还是要处理这种错误，怎么办？就需要将错误的信息记录下来，方便以后分析处理。此处使用 logger 进行记录。代码如下
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@RestControllerAdvice
public class BaseExceptionHandler {
private static Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(BaseExceptionHandler.class);
@ExceptionHandler(value = RuntimeException.class)
public RequestResult exceptionHandler(HttpServletRequest request,Exception e) {
logError(request,e);
return RequestResult.EXCEPTION("内部处理异常，工程师正在抓紧抢修，请稍后再来...",500);
}
public static void logError(HttpServletRequest request, Exception e) {
logger.error("请求地址：" + request.getRequestURL());
logger.error("请求方法：" + request.getMethod());
logger.error("请求IP：" + getRemoteIp(request));
logger.error("错误详情：");
StackTraceElement[] error = e.getStackTrace();
for (StackTraceElement stackTraceElement : error) {
logger.error(stackTraceElement.toString());
}
}
public static String getRemoteIp(HttpServletRequest request) {
String ip = request.getHeader("X-Forwarded-For");
if (ip == null || ip.length() == 0 || "unknown".equalsIgnoreCase(ip)) {
if (ip == null || ip.length() == 0 || "unknown".equalsIgnoreCase(ip)) {
ip = request.getHeader("Proxy-Client-IP");
}
if (ip == null || ip.length() == 0 || "unknown".equalsIgnoreCase(ip)) {
ip = request.getHeader("WL-Proxy-Client-IP");
}
if (ip == null || ip.length() == 0 || "unknown".equalsIgnoreCase(ip)) {
ip = request.getHeader("HTTP_CLIENT_IP");
}
if (ip == null || ip.length() == 0 || "unknown".equalsIgnoreCase(ip)) {
ip = request.getHeader("HTTP_X_FORWARDED_FOR");
}
if (ip == null || ip.length() == 0 || "unknown".equalsIgnoreCase(ip)) {
ip = request.getRemoteAddr();
}
} else if (ip.length() > 15) {
String[] ips = ip.split(",");
for (int index = 0; index < ips.length; index++) {
String strIp = (String) ips[index];
if (!("unknown".equalsIgnoreCase(strIp))) {
ip = strIp;
break;
}
}
}
return ip;
}
}
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进行测试看是否生效：
修改添加学生信息代码如下：
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public RequestResult addStudent(Student student) {
int a = 1/0;
if (studentDao.queryIdByNickname(student.getNickname()) == null) {
studentDao.addStudent(student);
System.out.println("添加成功");
student = studentDao.queryByNickname(student.getNickname());
return RequestResult.OK(student);
} else {
return RequestResult.EXCEPTION("用户'" + student.getNickname() + "'已存在", StudentExceptionEnum.STUDENT_EXIST);
}
}
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进行测试
后台打印错误信息
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2018-03-26 17:01:19.125 ERROR 9136 --- [nio-8080-exec-2] c.h.d.controller.BaseExceptionHandler : 请求地址：http://localhost:8080/demo1/student
2018-03-26 17:01:19.125 ERROR 9136 --- [nio-8080-exec-2] c.h.d.controller.BaseExceptionHandler : 请求方法：POST
2018-03-26 17:01:19.125 ERROR 9136 --- [nio-8080-exec-2] c.h.d.controller.BaseExceptionHandler : 请求IP：0:0:0:0:0:0:0:1
2018-03-26 17:01:19.125 ERROR 9136 --- [nio-8080-exec-2] c.h.d.controller.BaseExceptionHandler : 错误详情：
2018-03-26 17:01:19.125 ERROR 9136 --- [nio-8080-exec-2] c.h.d.controller.BaseExceptionHandler : com.huitong.demo.service.StudentService.addStudent(StudentService.java:71)
2018-03-26 17:01:19.125 ERROR 9136 --- [nio-8080-exec-2] c.h.d.controller.BaseExceptionHandler : com.huitong.demo.controller.StudentController.addStudent(StudentController.java:38)
2018-03-26 17:01:19.125 ERROR 9136 --- [nio-8080-exec-2] c.h.d.controller.BaseExceptionHandler : sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
2018-03-26 17:01:19.125 ERROR 9136 --- [nio-8080-exec-2] c.h.d.controller.BaseExceptionHandler : sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:62)
2018-03-26 17:01:19.125 ERROR 9136 --- [nio-8080-exec-2] c.h.d.controller.BaseExceptionHandler : sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43)
2018-03-26 17:01:19.125 ERROR 9136 --- [nio-8080-exec-2] c.h.d.controller.BaseExceptionHandler : java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:498)
2018-03-26 17:01:19.125 ERROR 9136 --- [nio-8080-exec-2] c.h.d.controller.BaseExceptionHandler : org.springframework.web.method.support.InvocableHandlerMethod.doInvoke(InvocableHandlerMethod.java:209)
2018-03-26 17:01:19.125 ERROR 9136 --- [nio-8080-exec-2] c.h.d.controller.BaseExceptionHandler : org.springframework.web.method.support.InvocableHandlerMethod.invokeForRequest(InvocableHandlerMethod.java:136)
2018-03-26 17:01:19.125 ERROR 9136 --- [nio-8080-exec-2] c.h.d.controller.BaseExceptionHandler : org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.method.annotation.ServletInvocableHandlerMethod.invokeAndHandle(ServletInvocableHandlerMethod.java:102)
2018-03-26 17:01:19.125 ERROR 9136 --- [nio-8080-exec-2] c.h.d.controller.BaseExceptionHandler : org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.method.annotation.RequestMappingHandlerAdapter.invokeHandlerMethod(RequestMappingHandlerAdapter.java:870)
2018-03-26 17:01:19.125 ERROR 9136 --- [nio-8080-exec-2] c.h.d.controller.BaseExceptionHandler : org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.method.annotation.RequestMappingHandlerAdapter.handleInternal(RequestMappingHandlerAdapter.java:776)
2018-03-26 17:01:19.125 ERROR 9136 --- [nio-8080-exec-2] c.h.d.controller.BaseExceptionHandler : org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.method.AbstractHandlerMethodAdapter.handle(AbstractHandlerMethodAdapter.java:87)
2018-03-26 17:01:19.129 ERROR 9136 --- [nio-8080-exec-2] c.h.d.controller.BaseExceptionHandler : org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet.doDispatch(DispatcherServlet.java:991)
2018-03-26 17:01:19.129 ERROR 9136 --- [nio-8080-exec-2] c.h.d.controller.BaseExceptionHandler : org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet.doService(DispatcherServlet.java:925)
2018-03-26 17:01:19.129 ERROR 9136 --- [nio-8080-exec-2] c.h.d.controller.BaseExceptionHandler : org.springframework.web.servlet.FrameworkServlet.processRequest(FrameworkServlet.java:978)
2018-03-26 17:01:19.129 ERROR 9136 --- [nio-8080-exec-2] c.h.d.controller.BaseExceptionHandler : org.springframework.web.servlet.FrameworkServlet.doPost(FrameworkServlet.java:881)
2018-03-26 17:01:19.129 ERROR 9136 --- [nio-8080-exec-2] c.h.d.controller.BaseExceptionHandler : javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet.service(HttpServlet.java:661)
2018-03-26 17:01:19.129 ERROR 9136 --- [nio-8080-exec-2] c.h.d.controller.BaseExceptionHandler : org.springframework.web.servlet.FrameworkServlet.service(FrameworkServlet.java:855)
2018-03-26 17:01:19.130 ERROR 9136 --- [nio-8080-exec-2] c.h.d.controller.BaseExceptionHandler : javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet.service(HttpServlet.java:742)
2018-03-26 17:01:19.130 ERROR 9136 --- [nio-8080-exec-2] c.h.d.controller.BaseExceptionHandler : org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.internalDoFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:231)
2018-03-26 17:01:19.130 ERROR 9136 --- [nio-8080-exec-2] c.h.d.controller.BaseExceptionHandler : org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.doFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:166)
2018-03-26 17:01:19.130 ERROR 9136 --- [nio-8080-exec-2] c.h.d.controller.BaseExceptionHandler : org.apache.tomcat.websocket.server.WsFilter.doFilter(WsFilter.java:52)
2018-03-26 17:01:19.130 ERROR 9136 --- [nio-8080-exec-2] c.h.d.controller.BaseExceptionHandler : org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.internalDoFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:193)
2018-03-26 17:01:19.130 ERROR 9136 --- [nio-8080-exec-2] c.h.d.controller.BaseExceptionHandler : org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.doFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:166)
2018-03-26 17:01:19.130 ERROR 9136 --- [nio-8080-exec-2] c.h.d.controller.BaseExceptionHandler : com.alibaba.druid.support.http.WebStatFilter.doFilter(WebStatFilter.java:123)
2018-03-26 17:01:19.130 ERROR 9136 --- [nio-8080-exec-2] c.h.d.controller.BaseExceptionHandler : org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.internalDoFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:193)
2018-03-26 17:01:19.130 ERROR 9136 --- [nio-8080-exec-2] c.h.d.controller.BaseExceptionHandler : org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.doFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:166)
2018-03-26 17:01:19.130 ERROR 9136 --- [nio-8080-exec-2] c.h.d.controller.BaseExceptionHandler : org.springframework.web.filter.RequestContextFilter.doFilterInternal(RequestContextFilter.java:99)
2018-03-26 17:01:19.130 ERROR 9136 --- [nio-8080-exec-2] c.h.d.controller.BaseExceptionHandler : org.springframework.web.filter.OncePerRequestFilter.doFilter(OncePerRequestFilter.java:107)
2018-03-26 17:01:19.130 ERROR 9136 --- [nio-8080-exec-2] c.h.d.controller.BaseExceptionHandler : org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.internalDoFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:193)
2018-03-26 17:01:19.130 ERROR 9136 --- [nio-8080-exec-2] c.h.d.controller.BaseExceptionHandler : org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.doFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:166)
2018-03-26 17:01:19.130 ERROR 9136 --- [nio-8080-exec-2] c.h.d.controller.BaseExceptionHandler : org.springframework.web.filter.HttpPutFormContentFilter.doFilterInternal(HttpPutFormContentFilter.java:109)
2018-03-26 17:01:19.130 ERROR 9136 --- [nio-8080-exec-2] c.h.d.controller.BaseExceptionHandler : org.springframework.web.filter.OncePerRequestFilter.doFilter(OncePerRequestFilter.java:107)
2018-03-26 17:01:19.130 ERROR 9136 --- [nio-8080-exec-2] c.h.d.controller.BaseExceptionHandler : org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.internalDoFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:193)
2018-03-26 17:01:19.131 ERROR 9136 --- [nio-8080-exec-2] c.h.d.controller.BaseExceptionHandler : org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.doFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:166)
2018-03-26 17:01:19.131 ERROR 9136 --- [nio-8080-exec-2] c.h.d.controller.BaseExceptionHandler : org.springframework.web.filter.HiddenHttpMethodFilter.doFilterInternal(HiddenHttpMethodFilter.java:81)
2018-03-26 17:01:19.131 ERROR 9136 --- [nio-8080-exec-2] c.h.d.controller.BaseExceptionHandler : org.springframework.web.filter.OncePerRequestFilter.doFilter(OncePerRequestFilter.java:107)
2018-03-26 17:01:19.131 ERROR 9136 --- [nio-8080-exec-2] c.h.d.controller.BaseExceptionHandler : org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.internalDoFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:193)
2018-03-26 17:01:19.131 ERROR 9136 --- [nio-8080-exec-2] c.h.d.controller.BaseExceptionHandler : org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.doFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:166)
2018-03-26 17:01:19.131 ERROR 9136 --- [nio-8080-exec-2] c.h.d.controller.BaseExceptionHandler : org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter.doFilterInternal(CharacterEncodingFilter.java:200)
2018-03-26 17:01:19.131 ERROR 9136 --- [nio-8080-exec-2] c.h.d.controller.BaseExceptionHandler : org.springframework.web.filter.OncePerRequestFilter.doFilter(OncePerRequestFilter.java:107)
2018-03-26 17:01:19.131 ERROR 9136 --- [nio-8080-exec-2] c.h.d.controller.BaseExceptionHandler : org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.internalDoFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:193)
2018-03-26 17:01:19.131 ERROR 9136 --- [nio-8080-exec-2] c.h.d.controller.BaseExceptionHandler : org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.doFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:166)
2018-03-26 17:01:19.131 ERROR 9136 --- [nio-8080-exec-2] c.h.d.controller.BaseExceptionHandler : org.apache.catalina.core.StandardWrapperValve.invoke(StandardWrapperValve.java:199)
2018-03-26 17:01:19.131 ERROR 9136 --- [nio-8080-exec-2] c.h.d.controller.BaseExceptionHandler : org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContextValve.invoke(StandardContextValve.java:96)
2018-03-26 17:01:19.131 ERROR 9136 --- [nio-8080-exec-2] c.h.d.controller.BaseExceptionHandler : org.apache.catalina.authenticator.AuthenticatorBase.invoke(AuthenticatorBase.java:496)
2018-03-26 17:01:19.131 ERROR 9136 --- [nio-8080-exec-2] c.h.d.controller.BaseExceptionHandler : org.apache.catalina.core.StandardHostValve.invoke(StandardHostValve.java:140)
2018-03-26 17:01:19.131 ERROR 9136 --- [nio-8080-exec-2] c.h.d.controller.BaseExceptionHandler : org.apache.catalina.valves.ErrorReportValve.invoke(ErrorReportValve.java:81)
2018-03-26 17:01:19.131 ERROR 9136 --- [nio-8080-exec-2] c.h.d.controller.BaseExceptionHandler : org.apache.catalina.core.StandardEngineValve.invoke(StandardEngineValve.java:87)
2018-03-26 17:01:19.131 ERROR 9136 --- [nio-8080-exec-2] c.h.d.controller.BaseExceptionHandler : org.apache.catalina.connector.CoyoteAdapter.service(CoyoteAdapter.java:342)
2018-03-26 17:01:19.131 ERROR 9136 --- [nio-8080-exec-2] c.h.d.controller.BaseExceptionHandler : org.apache.coyote.http11.Http11Processor.service(Http11Processor.java:803)
2018-03-26 17:01:19.131 ERROR 9136 --- [nio-8080-exec-2] c.h.d.controller.BaseExceptionHandler : org.apache.coyote.AbstractProcessorLight.process(AbstractProcessorLight.java:66)
2018-03-26 17:01:19.131 ERROR 9136 --- [nio-8080-exec-2] c.h.d.controller.BaseExceptionHandler : org.apache.coyote.AbstractProtocol$ConnectionHandler.process(AbstractProtocol.java:790)
2018-03-26 17:01:19.131 ERROR 9136 --- [nio-8080-exec-2] c.h.d.controller.BaseExceptionHandler : org.apache.tomcat.util.net.NioEndpoint$SocketProcessor.doRun(NioEndpoint.java:1459)
2018-03-26 17:01:19.131 ERROR 9136 --- [nio-8080-exec-2] c.h.d.controller.BaseExceptionHandler : org.apache.tomcat.util.net.SocketProcessorBase.run(SocketProcessorBase.java:49)
2018-03-26 17:01:19.131 ERROR 9136 --- [nio-8080-exec-2] c.h.d.controller.BaseExceptionHandler : java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor.runWorker(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:1142)
2018-03-26 17:01:19.131 ERROR 9136 --- [nio-8080-exec-2] c.h.d.controller.BaseExceptionHandler : java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor$Worker.run(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:617)
2018-03-26 17:01:19.131 ERROR 9136 --- [nio-8080-exec-2] c.h.d.controller.BaseExceptionHandler : org.apache.tomcat.util.threads.TaskThread$WrappingRunnable.run(TaskThread.java:61)
2018-03-26 17:01:19.131 ERROR 9136 --- [nio-8080-exec-2] c.h.d.controller.BaseExceptionHandler : java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:745)
2018-03-26 17:01:19.133 WARN 9136 --- [nio-8080-exec-2] .m.m.a.ExceptionHandlerExceptionResolver : Resolved exception caused by Handler execution: java.lang.ArithmeticException: / by zero
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总结
以上所述是小编给大家介绍的springboot 错误处理小结，希望对大家有所帮助，如果大家有任何疑问请给我留言，小编会及时回复大家的。在此也非常感谢大家对服务器之家网站的支持！
原文链接：https://www.cnblogs.com/zhaopengcheng/archive/2018/03/26/8652116.html