链式实现:
在栈的一段添加和删除元素,在栈中维护一个指向栈顶的结点和一个count变量指示栈的大小:
private LinearNode top; //指向栈顶
private int count;//标记栈的大小
每次出栈和压栈在链表的表头:(也可以再表尾,实现方式不一样而已)
top--->元素1--->元素2--->元素3.........
实现(附带测试main):
LinkedStack
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package Stack;
import Bag.LinearNode;
//为了重点来实现算法,将异常情况直接打印出然后退出程序,不再声明异常类
public class LinkedStack implements StackADT {
private LinearNode top; //指向栈顶
private int count; //标记栈的大小
public static void main(String[] args){
LinkedStack stack = new LinkedStack();
System.out.println( "将0到10依次压栈" );
for ( int i = 0 ;i < 10 ;i++)
stack.push(i);
System.out.println( "连续执行5次出栈操作" );
for ( int i = 0 ;i < 5 ;i++)
stack.pop();
System.out.println( "栈为空吗?: " + stack.isEmpty());
System.out.println( "栈的大小为: " + stack.size());
System.out.println( "栈顶元素为: " + stack.top.getElement());
System.out.println( "栈顶元素为: " + stack.peek());
}
public LinkedStack()
{
top = null ;
count = 0 ;
}
public int size() {
return count;
}
public boolean isEmpty() {
return (size() == 0 );
}
public void push(Object element) {
LinearNode node = new LinearNode(element);
node.setNext(top);
top = node;
count++;
}
public Object pop() {
if (isEmpty())
{
System.out.println( "stack is empty!" );
System.exit( 1 );
}
Object result = top.getElement();
top = top.getNext();
count--;
return result;
}
public Object peek() {
Object result = top.getElement();
return result;
}
}
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运行结果:
将0到10依次压栈
连续执行5次出栈操作
栈为空吗?: false
栈的大小为: 5
栈顶元素为: 4
栈顶元素为: 4
数组实现:
栈底总是数组下标为0的位置,入栈出栈从数组下标的最后一个元素开始:
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private Object[] contents;
private int top; //top标记下一个入栈的位置,同时也表示栈的容量大小,跟链式实现的count比较一下!!!
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实现(附带测试main):
ArrayStack
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package Stack;
public class ArrayStack implements StackADT {
private Object[] contents;
private int top; //top标记下一个入栈的位置,同时也表示栈的容量大小,跟链式实现的count比较一下!!!
private static int SIZE = 10 ;
public ArrayStack()
{
contents = new Object[SIZE];
top = 0 ;
}
public void expand(){ //借助于申请一个辅助空间,每次扩展容量一倍
Object[] larger = new Object[size()* 2 ];
for ( int index = 0 ;index < top;index++)
larger[index] = contents[index];
contents = larger;
}
public int size() {
return top;
}
public boolean isEmpty() {
return (size() == 0 );
}
public void push(Object element) {
//if(isEmpty())
//expand();
if (top == contents.length)
expand();
contents[top] = element;
top++;
}
public Object pop() {
if (isEmpty())
{
System.out.println( "stack is empty!" );
System.exit( 1 );
}
Object result = contents[top- 1 ];
contents[top- 1 ] = null ; //出栈
top--;
return result;
/*书上这样写简便一点:::
* top--;
* Object result = contents[top];
* contents[top] = null;*/ }
public Object peek() {
Object result;
if (isEmpty())
result = null ;
else
result = contents[top- 1 ];
return result;
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
ArrayStack stack = new ArrayStack();
System.out.println( "将0到24依次压栈,然后连续10次出栈" );
for ( int i = 0 ;i < 25 ;i++)
stack.push(i);
for ( int i = 0 ;i < 10 ;i++)
stack.pop();
System.out.println( "栈的大小为: " + stack.size());
System.out.println( "栈为空吗?: " + stack.isEmpty());
System.out.println( "栈顶元素为: " + stack.peek());
}
}
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运行结果:
将0到24依次压栈,然后连续10次出栈
栈的大小为: 15
栈为空吗?: false
栈顶元素为: 14
使用集合LinkedList来模拟栈
方法
java的泛型可以让LinkedList模拟存储各种数据类型的栈,包括int,double,String,Object等等,介绍一下几种用到的API接口:
入栈
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void addFirst(E e); // 将指定元素插入此列表的开头
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获取栈顶元素
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E getFirst(); // 返回此列表的第一个元素
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出栈
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E removeFirst(); // 移除并返回此列表第一个元素
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判栈空
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boolean isEmpty(); // 判断栈空
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示例代码
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import java.util.LinkedList;
import java.util.NoSuchElementException;
public class SimulateStack {
private LinkedList<Integer> stack = new LinkedList<Integer>();
public boolean isEmpty() {
return this .stack.isEmpty();
}
public void push( int data) {
this .stack.addFirst(data);
}
public int pop() throws NoSuchElementException{
return this .stack.removeFirst();
}
public int getTop() throws NoSuchElementException{
return this .stack.getFirst();
}
public static void main(String args[]) {
SimulateStack s = new SimulateStack();
s.push( 1 );
s.push( 2 );
s.push( 3 );
while (! s.isEmpty()) {
int data = s.getTop();
System.out.println(data);
s.pop();
}
}
}
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