菜鸟学OpenStack之部署Train（14）
- 创建虚拟机实例测试
- 创建虚拟网络
- Provider Network
- 创建public network
- 创建类型模板（Flavor）
- 创建密钥对（Key Pair）
- 创建安全组规则（Security Group）
- 创建虚拟机实例
- 创建块存储
- 遇到的问题
- 参考资料
创建虚拟机实例测试
为了真正学习OpenStack，我们在之前搭建好的OpenStack云环境中创建虚拟机实例，对其功能进行测试，同时也学习如何使用OpenStack。
以下操作均在控制节点上执行，并从5个部分进行测试。
创建虚拟网络
在创建虚拟机实例之前，需要一个合适的网络架构。
Provider Network
Provider Network 是由 OpenStack 管理员创建的，直接对应于数据中心的已有物理网络的一个网段。这种网络有三个和物理网络有关属性：
- provider：network_type (网络类型，包括 vxlan, gre, vlan, flat, local)
- provider：segmentation_id (网段 ID， 比如 VLAN 的 802.1q tag, GRE 网络的 Tunnel ID, VXLAN 网络的 VNI)
- provider：physical_network (物理网络的逻辑名称，比如 physnet1, ph-eth1, etc)
这种网络是可以在多个租户之间共享的。这种网络通过计算和网络节点上指定的 bridge 直接接入物理网络，所以默认的情况下它们是可以路由的，因此也不需要接入Neutron Virtual Router，也不需要使用L3 agent。使用这种网络，必须预先在各计算和网络节点上配置指定的网桥。
虽然可以创建 GRE 和 VXLAN 类型的 Provider network， 但是**（个人认为）Provider network 只对 Flat 和 VLAN 类型的网络才有意义**，因为Provider network的一个重要属性是provider：physical_network，而这个参数对其他网络类型没有有意义。
创建 provider network：
- local 类型的：neutron net-create NAME --provider:network_type local
- flat 类型的：neutron net-create NAME --provider:network_type flat --provider:physical_network PHYS_NET_NAME
- vlan 类型的：neutron net-create NAME --provider:network_type vlan --provider:physical_network PHYS_NET_NAME --provider:segmentation_id VID
- gre 类型的：neutron net-create NAME --provider:network_type gre --provider:segmentation_id TUNNEL_ID
- vxlan 类型的：neutron net-create NAME --provider:network_type vxlan --provider:segmentation_id TUNNEL_ID
Public Provider Network为虚拟机实例提供了基于Layer 2（桥接和交换网络信息）的虚拟网络，虚拟网络中的DHCP为虚拟机实例提供了IP地址。
admin或其他特权用户必须创建此网络，因为它直接连接到物理网络基础结构。
下面是Public Provider Network的全局视图
下面是Public Provider Network的网络连接图
创建public network
- 在控制节点上，导入admin的用户凭据
[root@controller openstack]# source
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- 创建网络
[root@controller openstack]# openstack network create --share --external --provider-physical-network provider --provider-network-type flat provider
+---------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Field | Value |
+---------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| admin_state_up | UP |
| availability_zone_hints | |
| availability_zones | |
| created_at | 2021-01-11T07:08:16Z |
| description | |
| dns_domain | None |
| id | ffead491-c5be-416a-8a47-14a8dfec8d54 |
| ipv4_address_scope | None |
| ipv6_address_scope | None |
| is_default | None |
| is_vlan_transparent | None |
| location | cloud='', project.domain_id=, project.domain_name='Default', ='ad9bee2960ab4ba39ebbe9ee0fbba3b7', ='admin', region_name='', zone= |
| mtu | 1500 |
| name | provider |
| port_security_enabled | True |
| project_id | ad9bee2960ab4ba39ebbe9ee0fbba3b7 |
| provider:network_type | flat |
| provider:physical_network | provider |
| provider:segmentation_id | None |
| qos_policy_id | None |
| revision_number | 1 |
| router:external | External |
| segments | None |
| shared | True |
| status | ACTIVE |
| subnets | |
| tags | |
| updated_at | 2021-01-11T07:08:16Z |
+---------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
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参数解释:
–share 允许所有project使用该虚拟网络
–external 将虚拟网络定义为外部,如果想创建一个内部网络，则可以使用–internal。默认值为internal
–provider-physical-network provider 指明物理网络的提供者，provider 与下面neutron的配置文件对应，其中provider是标签，可以更改为其他，但是2个地方必须要统一
配置文件/etc/neutron/plugins/ml2/ml2_conf.ini中的参数
[ml2_type_flat]
flat_networks = provider
配置文件/etc/neutron/plugins/ml2/linuxbridge_agent.ini中的参数
[linux_bridge]
physical_interface_mappings = provider:ens35
–provider-network-type flat 指明这里创建的网络是flat类型，即实例连接到此网络时和物理网络是在同一个网段，无vlan等功能。
最后输入的provider指定网络的名称
- 创建子网192.168.0.0/24，网关192.168.0.254，DHCP服务器在192.168.0.101~192.168.0.200地址段内给虚拟机实例分配IP地址
[root@controller openstack]# openstack subnet create --network provider --allocation-pool start=192.168.0.101,end=192. 168.0.200 --dns-nameserver 223.5.5.5 --gateway 192.168.0.254 --subnet-range 192.168.0.0/24 provider
+-------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- --------------------------------------------------------+
| Field | Value |
+-------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- --------------------------------------------------------+
| allocation_pools | 192.168.0.101-192.168.0.200 |
| cidr | 192.168.0.0/24 |
| created_at | 2021-01-11T07:21:41Z |
| description | |
| dns_nameservers | 223.5.5.5 |
| enable_dhcp | True |
| gateway_ip | 192.168.0.254 |
| host_routes | |
| id | 569c6309-33e1-4aaa-bdf3-cf011188f8ed |
| ip_version | 4 |
| ipv6_address_mode | None |
| ipv6_ra_mode | None |
| location | cloud='', project.domain_id=, project.domain_name='Default', ='ad9bee2960ab4ba39ebbe9e e0fbba3b7', ='admin', region_name='', zone= |
| name | provider |
| network_id | ffead491-c5be-416a-8a47-14a8dfec8d54 |
| prefix_length | None |
| project_id | ad9bee2960ab4ba39ebbe9ee0fbba3b7 |
| revision_number | 0 |
| segment_id | None |
| service_types | |
| subnetpool_id | None |
| tags | |
| updated_at | 2021-01-11T07:21:41Z |
+-------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- --------------------------------------------------------+
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参数解释:
–network provider 指定父网络
–allocation-pool start=192.168.0.101,end=192.168.0.200 指定子网的起始地址和终止地址
–dns-nameserver 223.5.5.5 指定DNS服务器地址
–gateway 192.168.0.254 指定网关地址
–subnet-range 192.168.0.0/24 指定子网的网段
最后的provider 指定子网的名称
- 查看创建的网络和子网
[root@controller openstack]# openstack network list
+--------------------------------------+----------+--------------------------------------+
| ID | Name | Subnets |
+--------------------------------------+----------+--------------------------------------+
| ffead491-c5be-416a-8a47-14a8dfec8d54 | provider | 569c6309-33e1-4aaa-bdf3-cf011188f8ed |
+--------------------------------------+----------+--------------------------------------+
[root@controller openstack]# openstack subnet list
+--------------------------------------+----------+--------------------------------------+----------------+
| ID | Name | Network | Subnet |
+--------------------------------------+----------+--------------------------------------+----------------+
| 569c6309-33e1-4aaa-bdf3-cf011188f8ed | provider | ffead491-c5be-416a-8a47-14a8dfec8d54 | 192.168.0.0/24 |
+--------------------------------------+----------+--------------------------------------+----------------+
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创建类型模板（Flavor）
Flavor：类型模板，虚机硬件模板被称为类型模板，包括RAM和硬盘大小，CPU核数等。
- 创建一台1核cpu 128M硬盘的类型模板与CirrOS映像一起使用进行测试
[root@controller openstack]# openstack flavor create --id 0 --vcpus 1 --ram 128 --disk 1
+----------------------------+---------+
| Field | Value |
+----------------------------+---------+
| OS-FLV-DISABLED:disabled | False |
| OS-FLV-EXT-DATA:ephemeral | 0 |
| disk | 1 |
| id | 0 |
| name | |
| os-flavor-access:is_public | True |
| properties | |
| ram | 128 |
| rxtx_factor | 1.0 |
| swap | |
| vcpus | 1 |
+----------------------------+---------+
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- 查看创建的类型模板
[root@controller openstack]# openstack flavor list
+----+---------+-----+------+-----------+-------+-----------+
| ID | Name | RAM | Disk | Ephemeral | VCPUs | Is Public |
+----+---------+-----+------+-----------+-------+-----------+
| 0 | | 128 | 1 | 0 | 1 | True |
+----+---------+-----+------+-----------+-------+-----------+
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创建密钥对（Key Pair）
大部分OpenStack云镜像都支持公钥认证而不是传统的密码认证，因此在创建虚拟机实例之前，必须为Nova计算服务添加一个公钥，而私钥在文档开始时的配置基础环境中已经生成，所以可以直接添加。
[root@controller openstack]# source
[root@controller openstack]# ssh-keygen -q -N ""
Enter file in which to save the key (/root/.ssh/id_rsa):
[root@controller openstack]# openstack keypair create --public-key ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub mykey
+-------------+-------------------------------------------------+
| Field | Value |
+-------------+-------------------------------------------------+
| fingerprint | d1:a3:d0:d5:40:46:19:57:da:09:ca:19:2f:fc:87:3f |
| name | mykey |
| user_id | 6c23d5d4a0754dd5938d48652fb67f1d |
+-------------+-------------------------------------------------+
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查看创建的密钥对
[root@controller openstack]# openstack keypair list
+-------+-------------------------------------------------+
| Name | Fingerprint |
+-------+-------------------------------------------------+
| mykey | d1:a3:d0:d5:40:46:19:57:da:09:ca:19:2f:fc:87:3f |
+-------+-------------------------------------------------+
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创建安全组规则（Security Group）
在OpenStack环境中包含一个默认的Security Group，默认所有的虚拟机实例都可以使用它，但是默认的Security Group规则是拒绝一切访问，对于CirrOS之类的Linux镜像，建议至少允许ICMP（ping）和ssh两项功能。
- 对默认的Security Group添加ICMP协议（ping命令）
[root@controller openstack]# openstack security group rule create --proto icmp default
+-------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Field | Value |
+-------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| created_at | 2021-01-11T07:55:24Z |
| description | |
| direction | ingress |
| ether_type | IPv4 |
| id | 40fb37b6-d958-44d4-9dae-90eafb392cfa |
| location | cloud='', project.domain_id=, project.domain_name='Default', ='82435bbf568b4eddb33b79024ae8bd22', ='demo', region_name='', zone= |
| name | None |
| port_range_max | None |
| port_range_min | None |
| project_id | 82435bbf568b4eddb33b79024ae8bd22 |
| protocol | icmp |
| remote_group_id | None |
| remote_ip_prefix | 0.0.0.0/0 |
| revision_number | 0 |
| security_group_id | 79ee9f23-f186-4127-8c49-26d78b12107b |
| tags | [] |
| updated_at | 2021-01-11T07:55:24Z |
+-------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
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- 对默认的Security Group添加SSH访问
[root@controller openstack]# openstack security group rule create --proto tcp --dst-port 22 default
+-------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Field | Value |
+-------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| created_at | 2021-01-11T07:56:24Z |
| description | |
| direction | ingress |
| ether_type | IPv4 |
| id | 9531febb-3fcf-438d-b86e-a44fda474e6a |
| location | cloud='', project.domain_id=, project.domain_name='Default', ='82435bbf568b4eddb33b79024ae8bd22', ='demo', region_name='', zone= |
| name | None |
| port_range_max | 22 |
| port_range_min | 22 |
| project_id | 82435bbf568b4eddb33b79024ae8bd22 |
| protocol | tcp |
| remote_group_id | None |
| remote_ip_prefix | 0.0.0.0/0 |
| revision_number | 0 |
| security_group_id | 79ee9f23-f186-4127-8c49-26d78b12107b |
| tags | [] |
| updated_at | 2021-01-11T07:56:24Z |
+-------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
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- 查看安全组
[root@controller openstack]# openstack security group list
+--------------------------------------+---------+------------------------+----------------------------------+------+
| ID | Name | Description | Project | Tags |
+--------------------------------------+---------+------------------------+----------------------------------+------+
| 79ee9f23-f186-4127-8c49-26d78b12107b | default | Default security group | 82435bbf568b4eddb33b79024ae8bd22 | [] |
+--------------------------------------+---------+------------------------+----------------------------------+------+
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- 查看安全组规则
[root@controller openstack]# openstack security group rule list
+--------------------------------------+-------------+-----------+-----------+------------+--------------------------------------+--------------------------------------+
| ID | IP Protocol | Ethertype | IP Range | Port Range | Remote Security Group | Security Group |
+--------------------------------------+-------------+-----------+-----------+------------+--------------------------------------+--------------------------------------+
| 1622558a-1662-493e-aa43-aca42504bf63 | None | IPv4 | 0.0.0.0/0 | | None | 79ee9f23-f186-4127-8c49-26d78b12107b |
| 40fb37b6-d958-44d4-9dae-90eafb392cfa | icmp | IPv4 | 0.0.0.0/0 | | None | 79ee9f23-f186-4127-8c49-26d78b12107b |
| 88ae36a5-2116-4668-b395-82582bdce05e | None | IPv4 | 0.0.0.0/0 | | 79ee9f23-f186-4127-8c49-26d78b12107b | 79ee9f23-f186-4127-8c49-26d78b12107b |
| 89b5554b-ed1d-4b28-b5c0-9879fa720155 | None | IPv6 | ::/0 | | 79ee9f23-f186-4127-8c49-26d78b12107b | 79ee9f23-f186-4127-8c49-26d78b12107b |
| 9531febb-3fcf-438d-b86e-a44fda474e6a | tcp | IPv4 | 0.0.0.0/0 | 22:22 | None | 79ee9f23-f186-4127-8c49-26d78b12107b |
| a71e95a3-bac2-4322-b9ed-eaf2507d46d6 | None | IPv6 | ::/0 | | None | 79ee9f23-f186-4127-8c49-26d78b12107b |
+--------------------------------------+-------------+-----------+-----------+------------+--------------------------------------+--------------------------------------+
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创建虚拟机实例
在创建虚拟机实例之前，首先需要确定Flavor（主机类型）、Image Name（镜像名称）、Neutron（网络）、Security Group（安全组）、Key Pair和Instance Name（虚拟机实例名称）。
- 在控制节点上加载demo用户的环境变量
[root@controller openstack]# source
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- 列出可用的Flavor
[root@controller openstack]# openstack flavor list
+----+---------+-----+------+-----------+-------+-----------+
| ID | Name | RAM | Disk | Ephemeral | VCPUs | Is Public |
+----+---------+-----+------+-----------+-------+-----------+
| 0 | | 128 | 1 | 0 | 1 | True |
+----+---------+-----+------+-----------+-------+-----------+
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- 列出有效的Image
[root@controller openstack]# openstack image list
+--------------------------------------+--------------+--------+
| ID | Name | Status |
+--------------------------------------+--------------+--------+
| 0aa979dd-7483-439f-ac14-de65cb597224 | cirros-0.3.4 | active |
| 0b7761c6-de9d-43b8-bc3b-fd646af2ae55 | cirros-0.4.0 | active |
+--------------------------------------+--------------+--------+
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- 列出可用的Network
[root@controller openstack]# openstack network list
+--------------------------------------+----------+--------------------------------------+
| ID | Name | Subnets |
+--------------------------------------+----------+--------------------------------------+
| ffead491-c5be-416a-8a47-14a8dfec8d54 | provider | 569c6309-33e1-4aaa-bdf3-cf011188f8ed |
+--------------------------------------+----------+--------------------------------------+
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- 列出有效的Security Group
[root@controller openstack]# openstack security group list
+--------------------------------------+---------+------------------------+----------------------------------+------+
| ID | Name | Description | Project | Tags |
+--------------------------------------+---------+------------------------+----------------------------------+------+
| 79ee9f23-f186-4127-8c49-26d78b12107b | default | Default security group | 82435bbf568b4eddb33b79024ae8bd22 | [] |
+--------------------------------------+---------+------------------------+----------------------------------+------+
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- 创建实例
[root@controller openstack]# openstack server create --flavor --image cirros-0.3.4 --nic net-id=ffead491-c5be-416a-8a47-14a8dfec8d54 --security-group default --key-name mykey provider-vm1
+-----------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------+
| Field | Value |
+-----------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------+
| OS-DCF:diskConfig | MANUAL |
| OS-EXT-AZ:availability_zone | |
| OS-EXT-STS:power_state | NOSTATE |
| OS-EXT-STS:task_state | scheduling |
| OS-EXT-STS:vm_state | building |
| OS-SRV-USG:launched_at | None |
| OS-SRV-USG:terminated_at | None |
| accessIPv4 | |
| accessIPv6 | |
| addresses | |
| adminPass | qxEgBLWimr5N |
| config_drive | |
| created | 2021-01-11T08:07:24Z |
| flavor | (0) |
| hostId | |
| id | 5d8b418f-fdfc-4689-84c5-1a9265bfa3dd |
| image | cirros-0.3.4 (0aa979dd-7483-439f-ac14-de65cb597224) |
| key_name | mykey |
| name | provider-vm1 |
| progress | 0 |
| project_id | 82435bbf568b4eddb33b79024ae8bd22 |
| properties | |
| security_groups | name='79ee9f23-f186-4127-8c49-26d78b12107b' |
| status | BUILD |
| updated | 2021-01-11T08:07:25Z |
| user_id | 6c23d5d4a0754dd5938d48652fb67f1d |
| volumes_attached | |
+-----------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------+
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查看创建的实例：
[root@controller openstack]# openstack server list
+--------------------------------------+--------------+--------+----------+--------------+---------+
| ID | Name | Status | Networks | Image | Flavor |
+--------------------------------------+--------------+--------+----------+--------------+---------+
| 5d8b418f-fdfc-4689-84c5-1a9265bfa3dd | provider-vm1 | BUILD | | cirros-0.3.4 | |
+--------------------------------------+--------------+--------+----------+--------------+---------+
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- 使用虚拟控制台访问实例
[root@controller openstack]# openstack console url show provider-vm1
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创建块存储
遇到的问题
- Device brqffead491-c5 cannot be used as it has no MAC address
2021-01-11 15:21:47.823 1076 ERROR .ip_lib [req-6d7bdabe-ce7c-45bc-8637-6a7d21f8cab3 - - - - -] Device brqffead491-c5 cannot be used as it has no MAC address - 使用使用虚拟控制台访问实例命令时出现：oslo_messaging.
Unexpected API Error. Please report this at /nova/ and attach the Nova API log if possible.
<class ‘oslo_messaging.’> (HTTP 500) (Request-ID: req-d9ffcfec-d979-4ea3-8046-ff2e468df8eb) - oslo_messaging.: Timed out waiting for a reply to message ID b3648db7b94348f39b4c6de6657e1c63
- Agent healthcheck: found 1 dead agents out of 5
Linux bridge agent 2021-01-11 08:07:32 computer02
2021-01-11 16:27:30.286 2303 WARNING .agents_db [req-9076e345-41c2-4471-8919-6c84bff7589b - - - - -] Agent healthcheck: found 1 dead agents out of 5:
Type Last heartbeat host - Unable to establish connection to http://controller:8778/resource_providers
2021-01-11 14:04:38.184 1344 ERROR .resource_tracker [req-b30f7558-b3a3-425e-af0a-7b67b2395aaa - - - - -] Skipping removal of allocations for deleted instances: Unable to establish connection to http://controller:8778/resource_providers/c3f627bf-4a3b-4105-9f81-c3c3b0e8923f/allocations: HTTPConnectionPool(host=‘controller’, port=8778): Max retries exceeded with url: /resource_providers/c3f627bf-4a3b-4105-9f81-c3c3b0e8923f/allocations (Caused by NewConnectionError(‘< object at 0x7f4edc418eb8>: Failed to establish a new connection: [Errno 111] ECONNREFUSED’,)): : Unable to establish connection to http://controller:8778/resource_providers/c3f627bf-4a3b-4105-9f81-c3c3b0e8923f/allocations: HTTPConnectionPool(host=‘controller’, port=8778): Max retries exceeded with url: /resource_providers/c3f627bf-4a3b-4105-9f81-c3c3b0e8923f/allocations (Caused by NewConnectionError(‘< object at 0x7f4edc418eb8>: Failed to establish a new connection: [Errno 111] ECONNREFUSED’,))
上面出现的问题的原因时由于第二个计算节点computer02没有起来。
[root@controller openstack]# openstack compute service list
±—±---------------±-----------±---------±--------±------±---------------------------+
| ID | Binary | Host | Zone | Status | State | Updated At |
±—±---------------±-----------±---------±--------±------±---------------------------+
| 1 | nova-scheduler | controller | internal | enabled | up | 2021-01-11T08:59:01.000000 |
| 5 | nova-conductor | controller | internal | enabled | up | 2021-01-11T08:59:04.000000 |
| 10 | nova-compute | computer01 | nova | enabled | up | 2021-01-11T08:59:10.000000 |
| 11 | nova-compute | computer02 | nova | enabled | down | 2021-01-11T08:07:36.000000 |
| 1 | nova-scheduler | controller | internal | enabled | up | 2021-01-11T08:59:01.000000 |
| 5 | nova-conductor | controller | internal | enabled | up | 2021-01-11T08:59:04.000000 |
| 10 | nova-compute | computer01 | nova | enabled | up | 2021-01-11T08:59:10.000000 |
| 11 | nova-compute | computer02 | nova | enabled | down | 2021-01-11T08:07:36.000000 |
±—±---------------±-----------±---------±--------±------±---------------------------+
当重启该节点后，功能正常。
参考资料
- Neutron网络虚拟化
- Public provider network