python 实现多启发式a star(A*)算法-多启发式a star A*算法python实现样例

时间:2024-10-10 07:58:05

下面是一个Python实现的多启发式A*算法示例:

from heapq import heappop, heappush

# 定义一个节点类
class Node:
    def __init__(self, state, parent=None, g=0, h=0):
        self.state = state
        self.parent = parent
        self.g = g
        self.h = h
        self.f = g + h

    def __lt__(self, other):
        return self.f < other.f

# 多启发式A*算法
def multi_heuristic_a_star(start_state, goal_state, heuristics):
    open = []
    closed = set()

    start_node = Node(start_state)
    heappush(open, start_node)

    while open:
        current_node = heappop(open)
        closed.add(current_node.state)

        if current_node.state == goal_state:
            path = []
            while current_node:
                path.append(current_node.state)
                current_node = current_node.parent
            return path[::-1]

        for neighbor_state in get_neighbors(current_node.state):
            neighbor_node = Node(neighbor_state, current_node)
            neighbor_node.g = current_node.g + 1
            neighbor_node.h = sum(heuristic(neighbor_state) for heuristic in heuristics)
            neighbor_node.f = neighbor_node.g + neighbor_node.h

            if neighbor_node.state in closed:
                continue

            for open_node in open:
                if neighbor_node.state == open_node.state and neighbor_node.f >= open_node.f:
                    break
            else:
                heappush(open, neighbor_node)

    return None

# 获取当前状态的相邻状态
def get_neighbors(state):
    # 返回当前状态的相邻状态列表,此处省略具体实现
    pass

# 启发式函数1
def heuristic1(state):
    # 返回状态state的启发式估计值,此处省略具体实现
    pass

# 启发式函数2
def heuristic2(state):
    # 返回状态state的启发式估计值,此处省略具体实现
    pass

# 启发式函数3
def heuristic3(state):
    # 返回状态state的启发式估计值,此处省略具体实现
    pass

# 示例用法
start_state = ...
goal_state = ...
heuristics = [heuristic1, heuristic2, heuristic3]
path = multi_heuristic_a_star(start_state, goal_state, heuristics)
if path:
    print("Path found:", path)
else:
    print("Path not found")

在这个示例中,我们定义了一个Node类来表示搜索算法中的节点。每个节点包含一个状态、一个指向父节点的指针、一个从起始节点到当前节点的代价g、一个从当前节点到目标节点的启发式估计值h以及一个总代价fNode类还覆盖了__lt__方法,以便能够将节点放入优先队列中。

multi_heuristic_a_star函数是多启发式A*算法的实现。它使用一个优先队列open来保存待扩展的节点,使用一个集合closed来保存已扩展的节点。算法从起始节点开始,并循环直到找到目标节点或者无法继续扩展。在每次循环中,算法从open中取出一个代价最小的节点,并将其加入closed中。然后,算法根据当前节点,生成相邻节点,并计算它们的代价和启发式估计值。如果相邻节点已经在closed中,则跳过。否则,算法检查相邻节点是否在open中,并且其代价不比已经在open中的节点更高。如果是这样,则跳过。否则,算法将相邻节点加入open

get_neighbors函数是一个辅助函数,用于获取当前状态的相邻状态列表。它需要根据具体问题的要求来实现。

heuristic1heuristic2heuristic3是启发式函数,用于计算给定状态的启发式估计值。它们需要根据具体问题的要求来实现。

在示例的最后,我们可以根据具体情况定义起始状态start_state和目标状态goal_state,并把启发式函数列表heuristics传递给multi_heuristic_a_star函数来执行搜索。如果找到了路径,就打印路径;否则打印未找到路径的消息。