4.1 ZooKeeper分布式锁原理
- 核心思想:当用户获取到锁时就创建节点,使用完锁就删除节点
- 每当一个用户想要获取锁时就在
/lock
节点下创建一个 **临时顺序 **节点 - 然后获取
/lock
节点下的全部子节点,如果发现当前节点编号是最小的,则该节点对应的客户端获取到锁,使用完锁后,删除该节点 - 如果发现节点编号不是最小的,则对前一个比自己小的编号节点,并注册事件监听器,监听删除事件
- 如果后续发现比自己小的节点被删除,则客户端会接收到来自ZooKeeper的通知,然后再次判断所对应节点编号是否是最小的,重复上述步骤
注意:这里创建临时节点是因为防止获取到锁的客户端宕机了,进而导致锁永远不会被删的情况;这是创建顺序节点是方便编号的排序
Cutator提供了下面五种分布式锁的方式:
- InterProcessMutex(分布式可重入排他锁)
- InterProcessSemaphoreMutex(分布式不可重入排他锁)
- InterProcessReadWriteLock(分布式读写锁)
- InterProcessMutliLock(将多个锁作为单个实体管理的容器)
- InterProcessSemaphoreV2(共享信号量)
4.2 分布式锁实战(模拟12306抢票)
代码如下:
package org.example;
import org.apache.curator.framework.CuratorFramework;
import org.apache.curator.framework.CuratorFrameworkFactory;
import org.apache.curator.framework.recipes.locks.InterProcessMutex;
import org.apache.curator.retry.ExponentialBackoffRetry;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
public class ZooKeeperLockTest {
private static int tickets = 10; // 票数
public static void main(String[] args) {
// 建立连接
CuratorFramework client = CuratorFrameworkFactory
.builder()
.connectString("127.0.0.1:2181")
.sessionTimeoutMs(3000)
.connectionTimeoutMs(3000)
.retryPolicy(new ExponentialBackoffRetry(3000, 1))
.namespace("")
.build();
client.start();
// 获取分布式锁
InterProcessMutex lock = new InterProcessMutex(client, "/lock");
Thread t1 = new Thread(() -> {
while (true) {
try {
boolean hasLock = lock.acquire(3, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
if (hasLock && tickets > 0) {
// 不断抢票
System.out.println("线程" + Thread.currentThread().getName() + "抢到了当前第" + tickets + "张票");
tickets--;
if (tickets <= 0) {
break;
}
}
} catch (Exception e) {
throw new RuntimeException(e);
} finally {
try {
lock.release();
} catch (Exception e) {
throw new RuntimeException(e);
}
}
}
}, "携程");
Thread t2 = new Thread(() -> {
while (true) {
try {
boolean hasLock = lock.acquire(3, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
if (hasLock && tickets > 0) {
// 不断抢票
System.out.println("线程" + Thread.currentThread().getName() + "抢到了当前第" + tickets + "张票");
tickets--;
if (tickets <= 0) {
break;
}
}
} catch (Exception e) {
throw new RuntimeException(e);
} finally {
try {
lock.release();
} catch (Exception e) {
throw new RuntimeException(e);
}
}
}
}, "飞猪");
t1.start();
t2.start();
}
}