Android输入法IME(三)之 管理端(IMMS)启动流程

时间:2024-06-11 20:50:27

2.2. IME管理端(IMMS)初始化流程

IMMS运行在system server进程中,属于系统服务的一部分,用于控制输入法的显示/隐藏、切换、绑定等操作。 涉及代码文件路径:

IMMS运行在system server进程中,属于系统服务的一部分,用于控制输入法的显示/隐藏、切换、绑定等操作。 涉及代码文件路径: frameworks/base/services/java/com/android/server/SystemServer.java frameworks/base/services/core/java/com/android/server/SystemServiceManager.java frameworks/base/core/java/android/os/SystemService.java frameworks/base/services/core/java/com/android/server/inputmethod/InputMethodManagerService.java frameworks/base/packages/SettingsProvider/src/com/android/providers/settings/DatabaseHelper.java frameworks/base/packages/SettingsProvider/res/values/defaults.xml

2.2.1. 初始化函数流程梳理

# 我们从systemserver的startOtherServices函数开始梳理
# 此处需要注意,因为我梳理的是IMMS,而Google还提供了一个MultiClientInputMethodManagerService多客户端输入法服务进程,此处不梳理
# PS:从InputMethodManagerService代码文件中可以看到,Lifecycle是里面的一个内部类,继承systemservice
SystemServer.java -- startOtherServices,然后通过SystemServiceManager的startService启动IMMS,传入class name:"InputMethodManagerService.Lifecycle.class"

---> SystemServiceManager.java -- startService有好几个重载的方法,说明下:
                                            (1)第一个startService方法,入参className即"InputMethodManagerService.Lifecycle.class",将其作为入参调用loadClassFromLoader
                                            (2)loadClassFromLoader会通过反射方法得到具体的Class类,返回Class<SystemService>类型的服务类,即继承SystemService的Lifecycle
                                            (3)调用第二个startService方法,入参即serviceClass
                                            (4)先通过"SystemService.class.isAssignableFrom(serviceClass)"判断该类是否是SysteService的子类
                                            (5)然后通过反射构造类的实例"service=constructor.newInstance(mContext)",即实例化Lifecycle类(重点)
                                            (6)调用第三个startService方法,入参该Lifecycle对象
                                            (2)先将该service添加到mServices列表中,然后调用SystemService.java的onStart函数

---> InputMethodManagerService.java -- 通过上面的流程看到,此处会先调用Lifecycle类的构造函数,然后调用onStart函数
                                            (1)构造函数会创建IMMS实例,即"InputMethodManagerService mService=new InputMethodManagerService(context)"
                                            (2)onStart函数会将该mService通过publishBinderService方法发布到系统服务中,以便其他进行可以进行Binder获取到(即添加到dev/binder域管理)
        # 主要讲述IMMS对象被创建,从构造函数梳理
        ---》 调用构造函数,主要用于注册一些监听事件, 获取必须的系统服务, UI相关的组件等

PS:

  1. SystemService启动输入法服务时,会有个判断启动IMMS还是MCIMMS。MULTI_CLIENT_IME_ENABLED(即persist.debug.multi_client_ime或ro.sys.multi_client_ime)开启,启动MultiClientInputMethodManagerService服务,否则启动InputMethodManagerService服务
  2. 关于MultiClientInputMethodManagerService就是多会话输入法,支持每屏幕焦点是启用此功能的前提。如果不支持,则无法启用此功能。由于安全限制,每屏幕焦点限制规定只有一小部分设备支持此功能。(详细参考Google官方文档和源码)

2.2.2. systemRunning函数流程梳理

# 我们从systemserver的startOtherServices函数开始梳理
# startBootPhase在服务startservice后执行,该函数将service分段处理,
# 例如此处IMMS在SystemService.PHASE_WAIT_FOR_SENSOR_SERVICE(200)和SystemService.PHASE_LOCK_SETTINGS_READY(480)之间
SystemServer.java -- startOtherServices,然后通过SystemServiceManager的startBootPhase

---> SystemServiceManager.java -- startBootPhase遍历两个分段之间的服务,然后调用对应service的onBootPhase

---> InputMethodManagerService.java -- 调用Lifecycle类的onBootPhase函数,然后调用InputMethodManagerService的systemRunning函数,主要内容:
                                        (1)MyPackageMonitor内部类register注册,监听安装包的变化,包含安装,卸载,更新等
                                        (2)SettingsObserver注册,监听当前用户的各种输入法相关的settingprovider变化,例如:默认输入法,输入法列表,输入法语言等
                                        (3)getSelectedInputMethod获取用户设置的输入法default_input_method,此处是查询settings数据库的默认输入法(frameworks/base/packages/SettingsProvider/src/com/android/providers/settings/DatabaseHelper.java)
                                        (4)buildInputMethodListLocked,如果没有默认输入法则入参false,该函数内容如下:
                                                ---》 查询输入法服务信息,然后将信息储存到mMethodList,mMethodMap,mMyPackageMonitor中;
                                                ---》 调用chooseNewDefaultIMELocked选择一个新的输入法;
                                                ---》 updateInputMethodsFromSettingsLocked遍历所有输入法,如果输入法存在被禁用的组件,则重新启用调用setInputMethodLocked方法完成对输入法设置,和输入法发生变化的广播(ACTION_INPUT_METHOD_CHANGED)的发送(该函数中调用setInputMethodLocked)

一般我们修改默认输入法,packages/SettingsProvider/res/values/defaults.xml 数据库配置添加def_input_method和def_enable_input_methods,然后frameworks/base/packages/SettingsProvider/src/com/android/providers/settings/DatabaseHelper.java对应添加loadStringSetting加载引用DEFAULT_INPUT_METHOD和ENABLED_INPUT_METHODS

2.2.3. 代码详细说明

//SystemServer.java
private void startOtherServices(@NonNull TimingsTraceAndSlog t) {
    ......
        // Bring up services needed for UI.
        if (mFactoryTestMode != FactoryTest.FACTORY_TEST_LOW_LEVEL) {
            t.traceBegin("StartInputMethodManagerLifecycle");
            if (InputMethodSystemProperty.MULTI_CLIENT_IME_ENABLED) {
                mSystemServiceManager.startService(
                        MultiClientInputMethodManagerService.Lifecycle.class);
            } else {
                //启动IMMS服务
                mSystemServiceManager.startService(InputMethodManagerService.Lifecycle.class);
            }
            t.traceEnd();
            ......
        }
    ...
}

//SystemServiceManager.java
    //第一个startService函数
    public SystemService startService(String className) {
        //调用loadClassFromLoader
        final Class<SystemService> serviceClass = loadClassFromLoader(className,
                this.getClass().getClassLoader());
        return startService(serviceClass);
    }

    private static Class<SystemService> loadClassFromLoader(String className,
            ClassLoader classLoader) {
        try {
            //通过反射方法得到具体的Class类,返回Class<SystemService>类型的服务类,即继承SystemService的Lifecycle
            return (Class<SystemService>) Class.forName(className, true, classLoader);
        } catch (ClassNotFoundException ex) {
            .......
        }
    }

    //第二个startService函数
    public <T extends SystemService> T startService(Class<T> serviceClass) {
        try {
            final String name = serviceClass.getName();
            Slog.i(TAG, "Starting " + name);
            Trace.traceBegin(Trace.TRACE_TAG_SYSTEM_SERVER, "StartService " + name);

            // 判断该class该类是否是SysteService的子类
            if (!SystemService.class.isAssignableFrom(serviceClass)) {
                throw new RuntimeException("Failed to create " + name
                        + ": service must extend " + SystemService.class.getName());
            }
            final T service;
            try {
                //通过反射构造类的实例,即实例化Lifecycle类
                Constructor<T> constructor = serviceClass.getConstructor(Context.class);
                //newInstance实例化
                service = constructor.newInstance(mContext);
            } catch (InstantiationException ex) {
                throw new RuntimeException("Failed to create service " + name
                        + ": service could not be instantiated", ex);
            } ......
            ......
            //调用第三个startService
            startService(service);
            return service;
        } finally {
            Trace.traceEnd(Trace.TRACE_TAG_SYSTEM_SERVER);
        }
    }

    //第三个startService函数
    public void startService(@NonNull final SystemService service) {
        // Register it.将service注册到mServices列表中
        mServices.add(service);
        // Start it.
        long time = SystemClock.elapsedRealtime();
        try {
            //调用该service的onStart函数
            service.onStart();
        } catch (RuntimeException ex) {
            throw new RuntimeException("Failed to start service " + service.getClass().getName()
                    + ": onStart threw an exception", ex);
        }
        warnIfTooLong(SystemClock.elapsedRealtime() - time, service, "onStart");
    }

//InputMethodManagerService.java
    public static final class Lifecycle extends SystemService {
        private InputMethodManagerService mService;
        //实例化时调用构造函数
        public Lifecycle(Context context) {
            super(context);
            //创建InputMethodManagerService IMMS对象,然后调用IMMS构造函数
            mService = new InputMethodManagerService(context);
        }
        
        //在startService中调用到此处
        @Override
        public void onStart() {
            //将IMMS service添加到LocalServices
            LocalServices.addService(InputMethodManagerInternal.class,
                    new LocalServiceImpl(mService));
            //发布到系统服务中,以便其他进行可以进行Binder获取到(即添加到dev/binder域管理)
            publishBinderService(Context.INPUT_METHOD_SERVICE, mService, false /*allowIsolated*/,
                    DUMP_FLAG_PRIORITY_CRITICAL | DUMP_FLAG_PRIORITY_NORMAL | DUMP_FLAG_PROTO);
        }
        .......
    }

    public class InputMethodManagerService extends IInputMethodManager.Stub
        implements ServiceConnection, Handler.Callback {
            ....
        //IMMS构造函数
        public InputMethodManagerService(Context context) {
            mIPackageManager = AppGlobals.getPackageManager();
            mContext = context;
            mRes = context.getResources();
            mHandler = new Handler(this);
            // Note: SettingsObserver doesn't register observers in its constructor.
            // SettingsObserver类型,用于监听来自设置的输入法配置, 比如默认输入法, 启用的输入法, 选择的输入法等
            mSettingsObserver = new SettingsObserver(mHandler);
            mIWindowManager = IWindowManager.Stub.asInterface(
                    ServiceManager.getService(Context.WINDOW_SERVICE));
            mWindowManagerInternal = LocalServices.getService(WindowManagerInternal.class);
            mPackageManagerInternal = LocalServices.getService(PackageManagerInternal.class);
            mInputManagerInternal = LocalServices.getService(InputManagerInternal.class);
            mImeDisplayValidator = displayId -> mWindowManagerInternal.getDisplayImePolicy(displayId);
            .....
            // 状态栏输入法图标名称, 会根据这个名称设置输入法的图标显示
            mSlotIme = mContext.getString(com.android.internal.R.string.status_bar_ime);
            mIsLowRam = ActivityManager.isLowRamDeviceStatic();
            // 切换输入法时的通知
            Bundle extras = new Bundle();
            extras.putBoolean(Notification.EXTRA_ALLOW_DURING_SETUP, true);
            .....
            //获取UID
            int userId = 0;
            try {
                userId = ActivityManager.getService().getCurrentUser().id;
            } catch (RemoteException e) {
                Slog.w(TAG, "Couldn't get current user ID; guessing it's 0", e);
            }
            // 最近切换的UID
            mLastSwitchUserId = userId;

            //应在buildInputMethodListLocked之前创建mSettings
            //类型InputMethodSettings,输入法设置对象
            mSettings = new InputMethodSettings(
                    mRes, context.getContentResolver(), mMethodMap, userId, !mSystemReady);

            updateCurrentProfileIds();
            AdditionalSubtypeUtils.load(mAdditionalSubtypeMap, userId);
            mSwitchingController = InputMethodSubtypeSwitchingController.createInstanceLocked(
                    mSettings, context);
            mMenuController = new InputMethodMenuController(this);
            }
    ......
        }

IMMS.java中几个重要的变量:

  1. String mCurMethodId:系统当前默认的输入法id, 可能为空, 与Settings.Secure#DEFAULT_INPUT_METHOD值保持一致,在setInputMethodLocked中赋值
  2. String mCurId:当前已经绑定的输入法id, 如果没有输入法绑定上的话, 值为null
  3. ClientState mCurClient:用于当前激活的IME, 只有持有这个令牌的IME才被系统认可
  4. IInputMethod mCurMethod:当前已经绑定的输入法接口, 如果为null, 说明没有任何输入法连接上