树的直径:树上的最长简单路径。
求解的方法是bfs或者dfs。先找任意一点,bfs或者dfs找出离他最远的那个点,那么这个点一定是该树直径的一个端点,记录下该端点,继续bfs或者dfs出来离他最远的一个点,那么这两个点就是他的直径的短点,距离就是路径长度。具体证明见http://www.cnblogs.com/*qi/archive/2012/04/08/2437424.html 其实这个自己画画图也能理解。
POJ 1985
题意:直接让求最长路径。
可以用dfs也可以用bfs
bfs代码:
#include <cstdio>
#include <cstring>
#include <algorithm>
#include <queue>
using namespace std;
typedef pair<int, int> pii;
const int maxn = ;
int tot, head[maxn];
struct Edge {
int to, next, w;
}edge[maxn];
bool vis[maxn];
void init()
{
tot = ;
memset(head, -, sizeof(head));
}
void addedge(int u, int v, int w)
{
edge[tot].to = v;
edge[tot].w = w;
edge[tot].next = head[u];
head[u] = tot++;
}
int maxx, pos;
void bfs(int p)//从p开始找到离他最远的那个点,距离保存在maxx当中
{
maxx = -;
memset(vis, false, sizeof(vis));
queue<pii> Q;
vis[p] = true;
pii cur, nex;
cur.first = p; cur.second = ;//pair的first表示节点编号,second表示权值
Q.push(cur);
while (!Q.empty())
{
cur = Q.front();
Q.pop();
for (int i = head[cur.first]; i != -; i = edge[i].next)
{
int v = edge[i].to;
if (vis[v]) continue;
vis[v] = true;
nex.first = v; nex.second = cur.second + edge[i].w;
if (maxx < nex.second)//如果找到最大的就替换
{
maxx = nex.second;
pos = v;
}
Q.push(nex);
}
}
}
int main()
{
int n, m;
while (~scanf("%d %d", &n, &m))
{
init();
int u, v, w;
for (int i = ; i < m; i++)
{
scanf("%d %d %d %*s", &u, &v, &w);
addedge(u, v, w);
addedge(v, u, w);
}
bfs();
bfs(pos);
printf("%d\n", maxx);
}
return ;
}
dfs代码:
#include <cstdio>
#include <cstring>
#include <algorithm>
#include <queue>
using namespace std;
typedef pair<int, int> pii;
const int maxn = ;
int tot, head[maxn];
struct Edge {
int to, next, w;
}edge[maxn];
bool vis[maxn];
void init()
{
tot = ;
memset(head, -, sizeof(head));
}
void addedge(int u, int v, int w)
{
edge[tot].to = v;
edge[tot].w = w;
edge[tot].next = head[u];
head[u] = tot++;
}
int maxx, pos;
void dfs(int p, int fa, int w)
{
for (int i = head[p]; i != -; i = edge[i].next)
{
int v = edge[i].to;
if (v == fa || vis[v]) continue;
vis[v] = true;
if (w + edge[i].w > maxx)
{
maxx = w + edge[i].w;
pos = v;
}
dfs(v, p, w + edge[i].w);
vis[v] = false;
}
}
void solve()
{
memset(vis, false, sizeof(vis));
maxx = -;
dfs(, , );
maxx = -;
dfs(pos, , );
printf("%d\n", maxx);
}
int main()
{
int n, m;
while (~scanf("%d %d", &n, &m))
{
init();
int u, v, w;
for (int i = ; i < m; i++)
{
scanf("%d %d %d %*s", &u, &v, &w);
addedge(u, v, w);
addedge(v, u, w);
}
solve();
}
return ;
}
POJ 1849
题意: 给出一棵树,两个人从给定的点s开始走,走完这棵树最少走的长度。
思路:如果要回到当初的点,根据树的性质,那么一定是将这棵树走了两遍,但是题目要求可以停在任何位置,所以走不到两边,有些边走了一遍,求最小花费,那么一定是最长的那条路径走了一遍,其他都是两遍,这样才是最小花费。仔细想想其实从哪个点开始走并不影响最后的结果。因为不管哪个点肯定都要走完。要使两个人走的简单路径最长,那么这两个人走的路径就是树的最长路径了。所以答案就是:两倍的所有路径权值之和减去树的直径
代码:
#include <cstdio>
#include <cstring>
#include <algorithm>
#include <queue>
using namespace std;
typedef pair<int, int> pii;
const int maxn = ;
int tot, head[maxn];
struct Edge {
int to, next, w;
}edge[maxn];
bool vis[maxn];
void init()
{
tot = ;
memset(head, -, sizeof(head));
}
void addedge(int u, int v, int w)
{
edge[tot].to = v;
edge[tot].w = w;
edge[tot].next = head[u];
head[u] = tot++;
}
int maxx, pos;
void bfs(int p)
{
maxx = -;
memset(vis, false, sizeof(vis));
queue<pii> Q;
pii cur, nex;
cur.first = p; cur.second = ;
vis[p] = true;
Q.push(cur);
while (!Q.empty())
{
cur = Q.front();
Q.pop();
for (int i = head[cur.first]; i != -; i = edge[i].next)
{
int v = edge[i].to;
if (vis[v]) continue;
vis[v] = true;
nex.first = v; nex.second = cur.second + edge[i].w;
if (nex.second > maxx)
{
maxx = nex.second;
pos = v;
}
Q.push(nex);
}
}
}
int main()
{
int n, s;
while (~scanf("%d %d", &n, &s))
{
init();
int u, v, w, ans = ;
for (int i = ; i < n; i++)
{
scanf("%d %d %d", &u, &v, &w);
addedge(u, v, w);
addedge(v, u, w);
ans += w * ;
}
bfs(s);
bfs(pos);
printf("%d\n", ans - maxx);
}
return ;
}
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