在Django里,流式响应StreamingHttpResponse是个好东西,可以快速、节省内存地产生一个大型文件。
目前项目里用于流式响应的一个是Eventsource,用于改善跨系统通讯时用户产生的慢速的感觉。这个不细说了。
还有一个就是生成一个大的csv文件。
当Django进程处于gunicorn或者uwsgi等web容器中时,如果响应超过一定时间没有返回,就会被web容器终止掉,虽然我们可以通过加长web容器的超时时间来绕过这个问题,但是毕竟还是治标不治本。要根本上解决这个问题,Python的生成器、Django框架提供的StreamingHttpResponse这个流式响应很有帮助
而在csv中,中文的处理也至关重要,要保证用excel打开csv不乱码什么的。。为了节约空间,我就把所有代码贴到一起了。。实际使用按照项目的规划放置哈
上代码:
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from __future__ import absolute_import
import csv
import codecs
import cStringIO
class Echo( object ):
def write( self , value):
return value
class UnicodeWriter:
"""
A CSV writer which will write rows to CSV file "f",
which is encoded in the given encoding.
"""
def __init__( self , f, dialect = csv.excel, encoding = "utf-8" , * * kwds):
# Redirect output to a queue
self .queue = cStringIO.StringIO()
self .writer = csv.writer( self .queue, dialect = dialect, * * kwds)
self .stream = f
self .encoder = codecs.getincrementalencoder(encoding)()
def writerow( self , row):
self .writer.writerow([handle_column(s) for s in row])
# Fetch UTF-8 output from the queue ...
data = self .queue.getvalue()
data = data.decode( "utf-8" )
# ... and reencode it into the target encoding
data = self .encoder.encode(data)
# write to the target stream
value = self .stream.write(data)
# empty queue
self .queue.truncate( 0 )
return value
def writerows( self , rows):
for row in rows:
self .writerow(row)
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from django.views.generic import View
from django.http.response import StreamingHttpResponse
class ExampleView(View):
headers = [ '一些' , '表头' ]
def get( self ,request):
result = [[ '第一行' , '数据1' ],
[ '第二行' , '数据2' ]]
echoer = Echo()
writer = UnicodeWriter(echoer)
def csv_itertor():
yield codecs.BOM_UTF8
yield writer.writerow( self .headers)
for column in result:
yield writer.writerow(column)
response = StreamingHttpResponse(
(row for row in csv_itertor()),
content_type = "text/csv;charset=utf-8" )
response[ 'Content-Disposition'
] = 'attachment;filename="example.csv"'
return response
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