Centos7 下安装MariaDB
by:授客 QQ：1033553122
1、下载安装文件
rpm包为例，对于标准服务器安装，至少需要下载client，shared,serve文件（安装时如果少了，会有错误提示的
2、防止冲突，检查是否已经安装了MySQL
rpm -qa 'mysql*'
如有必要，移除已安装数据库
3、安装
[root@localhost mnt]# rpm -ivh MariaDB-*
warning: MariaDB-10.0.19-centos7-x86_64-client.rpm: Header
V4 DSA/SHA1 Signature, key ID 1bb943db: NOKEY
error: Failed
dependencies:
mariadb is obsoleted by
MariaDB-client-10.0.19-1.el7.centos.x86_64
mariadb-libs < 1:10.0.19-1.el7.centos conflicts with
MariaDB-common-10.0.19-1.el7.centos.x86_64
mariadb-libs is obsoleted by
MariaDB-shared-10.0.19-1.el7.centos.x86_64
解决方法：
[root@localhost mnt]# rpm -iUvh MariaDB-* #如已经存在相关软件则更新，无则安装
说明：安装前确保已安装了必备软件包,比如perl
4、为MariaDB root用户设置密码
1）启动mysql服务
[root@localhost mnt]# /usr/sbin/mysqld start
150529 0:26:41 [Note]
/usr/sbin/mysqld (mysqld 10.0.19-MariaDB) starting as process 2987
...
150529 0:26:41 [ERROR] Fatal
error: Please consult the Knowledge Base to find out how to run
mysqld as root!
150529 0:26:41 [ERROR]
Aborting
150529 0:26:41 [Note]
/usr/sbin/mysqld: Shutdown complete
错误原因：
mysql默认拒绝用户使用root账户启动，因为拥有文件权限的用户可能导致MySQL Server使用root帐户创建文件（比如，~root/.bashrc），但root用户可以通过在命令后面加上"--user=root"选项来强行启动mysqld。
可以以普通用户运行mysqld，为了安全起见，可用特殊的普通用户mysql,来管理mysql数据库
解决方法一：
[root@localhost mnt]#
/usr/sbin/mysqld --user=root
150529 0:37:26 [Note]
/usr/sbin/mysqld (mysqld 10.0.19-MariaDB) starting as process 3035
...
150529 0:37:26 [Note] InnoDB:
Using mutexes to ref count buffer pool pages
150529 0:37:26 [Note] InnoDB:
The InnoDB memory heap is disabled
150529 0:37:26 [Note] InnoDB:
Mutexes and rw_locks use GCC atomic builtins
150529 0:37:26 [Note] InnoDB:
Memory barrier is not used
150529 0:37:26 [Note] InnoDB:
Compressed tables use zlib 1.2.7
150529 0:37:26 [Note] InnoDB:
Using Linux native AIO
150529 0:37:26 [Note] InnoDB:
Using CPU crc32 instructions
150529 0:37:26 [Note] InnoDB:
Initializing buffer pool, size = 128.0M
150529 0:37:27 [Note] InnoDB:
Completed initialization of buffer pool
150529 0:37:27 [Note] InnoDB:
Highest supported file format is Barracuda.
150529 0:37:27 [Note] InnoDB:
128 rollback segment(s) are active.
150529 0:37:27 [Note] InnoDB:
Waiting for purge to start
150529 0:37:27 [Note]
InnoDB:
Percona XtraDB (http://www.percona.com) 5.6.23-72.1 started; log
sequence number 1616717
150529 0:37:27 [Note] Plugin
'FEEDBACK' is disabled.
150529 0:37:27 [Note] Server
socket created on IP: '::'.
150529 0:37:27 [Note] Event
Scheduler: Loaded 0 events
150529 0:37:27 [Note]
/usr/sbin/mysqld: ready for connections.
Version: '10.0.19-MariaDB' socket:
'/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock' port: 3306 MariaDB
Server
解决方法二:
1）编辑/etc/my.cnf，添加如下内容（意为mysqld组中的mysql用户
[root@localhost mnt]# vim /etc/my.cnf
#
# This group is read both both by the client and the
server
# use it for options that affect everything
#
[client-server]
#
# include all files from the config directory
#
!includedir /etc/my.cnf.d
[myslqd]
user=mysql
~
注意：这里的mysql用户是不是手动创建的，貌似是安装时默认创建的
2）以mysql用户运行mysqld（比root用户更安全
[root@localhost ~]# /usr/sbin/mysqld
--user=mysql
150531 0:10:22 [Note]
/usr/sbin/mysqld (mysqld 10.0.19-MariaDB) starting as process 2990
...
150531 0:10:22 [Note] InnoDB:
Using mutexes to ref count buffer pool pages
150531 0:10:22 [Note] InnoDB:
The InnoDB memory heap is disabled
150531 0:10:22 [Note] InnoDB:
Mutexes and rw_locks use GCC atomic builtins
150531 0:10:22 [Note] InnoDB:
Memory barrier is not used
150531 0:10:22 [Note] InnoDB:
Compressed tables use zlib 1.2.7
150531 0:10:22 [Note] InnoDB:
Using Linux native AIO
150531 0:10:22 [Note] InnoDB:
Using CPU crc32 instructions
150531 0:10:22 [Note] InnoDB:
Initializing buffer pool, size = 128.0M
150531 0:10:22 [Note] InnoDB:
Completed initialization of buffer pool
150531 0:10:23 [Note] InnoDB:
Highest supported file format is Barracuda.
150531 0:10:23 [Note] InnoDB:
128 rollback segment(s) are active.
150531 0:10:23 [Note] InnoDB:
Waiting for purge to start
150531 0:10:23 [Note]
InnoDB:
Percona XtraDB (http://www.percona.com) 5.6.23-72.1 started; log
sequence number 1616943
150531 0:10:23 [Note] Plugin
'FEEDBACK' is disabled.
150531 0:10:24 [Note] Server
socket created on IP: '::'.
150531 0:10:24 [Note] Event
Scheduler: Loaded 0 events
150531 0:10:24 [ERROR]
mysqld: File './multi-master.info' not found (Errcode: 13
"Permission denied")
150531 0:10:24 [ERROR]
Creation of Master_info index file './multi-master.info'
failed
150531 0:10:24 [ERROR] Failed
to initialize multi master structures
150531 0:10:24 [ERROR]
Aborting
150531 0:10:24 [Note] InnoDB:
FTS optimize thread exiting.
150531 0:10:24 [Note] InnoDB:
Starting shutdown...
150531 0:10:25 [Note] InnoDB:
Shutdown completed; log sequence number 1616953
150531 0:10:25 [Note]
/usr/sbin/mysqld: Shutdown complete
如上，出错了，咋解决？
分析错误原因：无权限在当前目录下创建multi-master.info
解决方法：
[root@localhost ~]# find / -name
multi-master.info
/var/lib/mysql/multi-master.info
[root@localhost ~]# cd /var/lib/mysql
[root@localhost mysql]# ll
total 110636
-rw-rw----. 1 mysql mysql
16384 May 31 00:10 aria_log.00000001
-rw-rw----. 1 mysql mysql
52 May 31 00:10 aria_log_control
-rw-rw----. 1 mysql mysql 12582912 May 31 00:10
ibdata1
-rw-rw----. 1 mysql mysql 50331648 May 31 00:10
ib_logfile0
-rw-rw----. 1 mysql mysql 50331648 May 29 00:18
ib_logfile1
-rw-r-----. 1 mysql root
13342 May 30 23:55 localhost.localdomain.err
-rw-rw----. 1 root root
0 May 29 00:37 multi-master.info
drwx--x--x. 2 mysql mysql
4096 May 29 00:18 mysql
srwxrwxrwx. 1 mysql mysql
0 May 31 00:10 mysql.sock
drwx------. 2 mysql mysql
4096 May 29 00:18 performance_schema
[root@localhost mysql]# chown
mysql:mysql multi-master.info
[root@localhost mysql]# ll
total 110636
-rw-rw----. 1 mysql mysql
16384 May 31 00:10 aria_log.00000001
-rw-rw----. 1 mysql mysql
52 May 31 00:10 aria_log_control
-rw-rw----. 1 mysql mysql 12582912 May 31 00:10
ibdata1
-rw-rw----. 1 mysql mysql 50331648 May 31 00:10
ib_logfile0
-rw-rw----. 1 mysql mysql 50331648 May 29 00:18
ib_logfile1
-rw-r-----. 1 mysql root
13342 May 30 23:55 localhost.localdomain.err
-rw-rw----. 1 mysql mysql
0 May 29 00:37 multi-master.info
drwx--x--x. 2 mysql mysql
4096 May 29 00:18 mysql
srwxrwxrwx. 1 mysql mysql
0 May 31 00:10 mysql.sock
drwx------. 2 mysql mysql
4096 May 29 00:18 performance_schema
再次验证，成功了
[root@localhost mysql]# /usr/sbin/mysqld
--user=mysql
150531 0:15:53 [Note]
/usr/sbin/mysqld (mysqld 10.0.19-MariaDB) starting as process 3026
...
150531 0:15:53 [Note] InnoDB:
Using mutexes to ref count buffer pool pages
150531 0:15:53 [Note] InnoDB:
The InnoDB memory heap is disabled
150531 0:15:53 [Note] InnoDB:
Mutexes and rw_locks use GCC atomic builtins
150531 0:15:53 [Note] InnoDB:
Memory barrier is not used
150531 0:15:53 [Note] InnoDB:
Compressed tables use zlib 1.2.7
150531 0:15:53 [Note] InnoDB:
Using Linux native AIO
150531 0:15:53 [Note] InnoDB:
Using CPU crc32 instructions
150531 0:15:53 [Note] InnoDB:
Initializing buffer pool, size = 128.0M
150531 0:15:53 [Note] InnoDB:
Completed initialization of buffer pool
150531 0:15:53 [Note] InnoDB:
Highest supported file format is Barracuda.
150531 0:15:53 [Note] InnoDB:
128 rollback segment(s) are active.
150531 0:15:53 [Note] InnoDB:
Waiting for purge to start
150531 0:15:54 [Note]
InnoDB:
Percona XtraDB (http://www.percona.com) 5.6.23-72.1 started; log
sequence number 1616953
150531 0:15:54 [Note] Plugin
'FEEDBACK' is disabled.
150531 0:15:54 [Note] Server
socket created on IP: '::'.
150531 0:15:54 [Note] Event
Scheduler: Loaded 0 events
150531 0:15:54 [Note]
/usr/sbin/mysqld: ready for connections.
Version: '10.0.19-MariaDB' socket:
'/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock' port: 3306 MariaDB
Server
5、修改默认用户的密码
[root@localhost ~]# /usr/bin/mysqladmin -u root -h
localhost.localdomain password 'test1234';
也可以# /usr/bin/mysqladmin -u root password 'new-password'
注意：mariadb user表中的root用户和linux的root账户没什么关联
6、移除安装时创建的测试数据库和匿名用户（强烈推荐）
[root@localhost ~]# /usr/bin/mysql_secure_installation
NOTE: RUNNING ALL PARTS OF THIS SCRIPT IS RECOMMENDED FOR ALL MariaDB
SERVERS IN PRODUCTION USE! PLEASE READ EACH STEP CAREFULLY!
In order to log into MariaDB to secure it, we'll need the current
password for the root user. If you've just installed MariaDB, and
you haven't set the root password yet, the password will be blank,
so you should just press enter here.
Enter current password for root (enter for none):
OK, successfully used password, moving on...
Setting the root password ensures that nobody can log into the MariaDB
root user without the proper authorisation.
You already have a root password set, so you can safely answer 'n'.
Change the root password? [Y/n] n
... skipping.
By default, a MariaDB installation has an anonymous user, allowing anyone
to log into MariaDB without having to have a user account created for
them. This is intended only for testing, and to make the installation
go a bit smoother. You should remove them before moving into a
production environment.
Remove anonymous users? [Y/n] Y
... Success!
Normally, root should only be allowed to connect from 'localhost'. This
ensures that someone cannot guess at the root password from the network.
Disallow root login remotely? [Y/n] n
... skipping.
By default, MariaDB comes with a database named 'test' that anyone can
access. This is also intended only for testing, and should be removed
before moving into a production environment.
Remove test database and access to it? [Y/n] Y
- Dropping test database...
... Success!
- Removing privileges on test database...
... Success!
Reloading the privilege tables will ensure that all changes made so far
will take effect immediately.
Reload privilege tables now? [Y/n] Y
... Success!
Cleaning up...
All done! If you've completed all of the above steps, your MariaDB
installation should now be secure.
Thanks for using MariaDB!
[root@localhost ~]#
7、关闭数据库
[root@localhost ~]# mysql -u root -ptest1234
Welcome to the MariaDB monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MariaDB connection id is 5
Server version: 10.0.19-MariaDB MariaDB Server
Copyright (c) 2000, 2015, Oracle, MariaDB Corporation Ab and others.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
MariaDB [(none)]> shutdown;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
MariaDB [(none)]>
开启服务的终端可见关闭结果如下
150530 23:45:01 [Note] /usr/sbin/mysqld: Normal shutdown
150530 23:45:01 [Note] Event Scheduler: Purging the queue. 0 events
150530 23:45:01 [Note] InnoDB: FTS optimize thread exiting.
150530 23:45:01 [Note] InnoDB: Starting shutdown...
150530 23:45:03 [Note] InnoDB: Shutdown completed; log sequence number 1616867
150530 23:45:03 [Note] /usr/sbin/mysqld: Shutdown complete
8、创建用户与授权
MariaDB [(none)]> create user 'testacc'@'182.168.1.103' identified by 'test1234';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
MariaDB [(none)]> grant all on *.* to 'testacc'@'%' identified by 'test1234';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
[root@localhost ~]# mysql --protocol=tcp -P 3306 -h192.168.1.103 -utestacc -ptest1234
Welcome to the MariaDB monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MariaDB connection id is 10
Server version: 10.0.19-MariaDB MariaDB Server
Copyright (c) 2000, 2015, Oracle, MariaDB Corporation Ab and others.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
MariaDB [(none)]>
MariaDB [(none)]> exit
Bye
9、客户端工具远程连接
如上图，Error No.2003错误 Can’t connect to MySQL server on ‘192.168.1.103’
解决方法：
#
禁止开机启动防火墙
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl disable
firewalld.service
rm
'/etc/systemd/system/dbus-org.fedoraproject.FirewallD1.service'
rm
'/etc/systemd/system/basic.target.wants/firewalld.service'
#
停止防火墙
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl stop
firewalld.service
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl start
firewalld.service
参考连接：
https://mariadb.com/kb/en/mariadb/installing-mariadb-with-the-rpm-tool/