使用TTS实现Oracle跨版本迁移

TTS实现数据库迁移，具有速度快、支持跨平台和跨版本等优点。本文记录了用TTS从10g single迁移到11g RAC的过程。

Source数据库版本和字符集设置：

SQL> select * from v$version;

BANNER

----------------------------------------------------------------

Oracle Database 10g Enterprise Edition Release 10.2.0.4.0 - 64bi

PL/SQL Release 10.2.0.4.0 - Production

CORE 10.2.0.4.0 Production

TNS for Linux: Version 10.2.0.4.0 - Production

NLSRTL Version 10.2.0.4.0 - Production

SQL> select * from nls_database_parameters where parameter in ('NLS_CHARACTERSET','NLS_NCHAR_CHARACTERSET');

PARAMETER VALUE

------------------------------ ------------------------------

NLS_CHARACTERSET UTF8

NLS_NCHAR_CHARACTERSET AL16UTF16

Target数据库版本和字符集设置：

SQL> select * from v$version;

BANNER

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.3.0 - 64bit Production

PL/SQL Release 11.2.0.3.0 - Production

CORE 11.2.0.3.0 Production

TNS for Linux: Version 11.2.0.3.0 - Production

NLSRTL Version 11.2.0.3.0 - Production

SQL> select * from nls_database_parameters where parameter in ('NLS_CHARACTERSET','NLS_NCHAR_CHARACTERSET');

PARAMETER VALUE

------------------------------ --------------------

NLS_CHARACTERSET AL32UTF8

NLS_NCHAR_CHARACTERSET AL16UTF16

1、检测平台差异

source：

SQL> SELECT d.PLATFORM_NAME, ENDIAN_FORMAT

2 FROM V$TRANSPORTABLE_PLATFORM tp, V$DATABASE d

3 WHERE tp.PLATFORM_NAME = d.PLATFORM_NAME;

PLATFORM_NAME ENDIAN_FORMAT

---------------------------------------- --------------

Linux x86 64-bit Little

target：

SQL> SELECT d.PLATFORM_NAME, ENDIAN_FORMAT

2 FROM V$TRANSPORTABLE_PLATFORM tp, V$DATABASE d

3 WHERE tp.PLATFORM_NAME = d.PLATFORM_NAME;

PLATFORM_NAME ENDIAN_FORMAT

---------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------

Linux x86 64-bit Little

两者并无差异，无需进行平台格式转换。

2、Tablespace Self-Contained 检测

进行TTS的表空间必须满足自包含条件，如果不满足，则需要进行调整直至满足才可以进行TTS。

source：

SQL> EXECUTE DBMS_TTS.TRANSPORT_SET_CHECK('tbs_postmall_data,tbs_postmall_idx', TRUE);

PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.

SQL> SELECT * FROM TRANSPORT_SET_VIOLATIONS;

no rows selected

出现0行，说明满足自包含条件。

3、Generate a Transportable Tablespace Set

生成TTS set之前，需要设置相关的表空间为read only模式。

SQL> alter tablespace tbs_postmall_data read only;

Tablespace altered.

SQL> alter tablespace tbs_postmall_idx read only;

Tablespace altered.

生成相关表空间的metadata dumpfile

oracle@wls112:/data/oracle/dump> expdp system dumpfile=postmall_metadata.dmp directory=dump 

transport_tablespaces=tbs_postmall_data,tbs_postmall_idx logfile=tts_export.log;

Export: Release 10.2.0.4.0 - 64bit Production on Thursday, 14 March, 2013 10:57:34

Copyright (c) 2003, 2007, Oracle. All rights reserved.

Password: 

Connected to: Oracle Database 10g Enterprise Edition Release 10.2.0.4.0 - 64bit Production

With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options

Starting "SYSTEM"."SYS_EXPORT_TRANSPORTABLE_01": system/******** dumpfile=postmall_metadata.dmp directory=dump transport_tablespaces=tbs_postmall_data,tbs_postmall_idx logfile=tts_export.log

Processing object type TRANSPORTABLE_EXPORT/PLUGTS_BLK

Processing object type TRANSPORTABLE_EXPORT/TABLE

Processing object type TRANSPORTABLE_EXPORT/GRANT/OWNER_GRANT/OBJECT_GRANT

Processing object type TRANSPORTABLE_EXPORT/INDEX

Processing object type TRANSPORTABLE_EXPORT/CONSTRAINT/CONSTRAINT

Processing object type TRANSPORTABLE_EXPORT/INDEX_STATISTICS

Processing object type TRANSPORTABLE_EXPORT/COMMENT

Processing object type TRANSPORTABLE_EXPORT/INDEX/FUNCTIONAL_AND_BITMAP/INDEX

Processing object type TRANSPORTABLE_EXPORT/INDEX/STATISTICS/FUNCTIONAL_AND_BITMAP/INDEX_STATISTICS

Processing object type TRANSPORTABLE_EXPORT/TABLE_STATISTICS

Processing object type TRANSPORTABLE_EXPORT/POST_INSTANCE/PLUGTS_BLK

Master table "SYSTEM"."SYS_EXPORT_TRANSPORTABLE_01" successfully loaded/unloaded

******************************************************************************

Dump file set for SYSTEM.SYS_EXPORT_TRANSPORTABLE_01 is:

/data/oracle/dump/postmall_metadata.dmp

Job "SYSTEM"."SYS_EXPORT_TRANSPORTABLE_01" successfully completed at 10:57:51

4、Transport the Tablespace Set

把第三步生成的metadata dumpfile和相关表空间的datafile传输到target端。其中dumpfile传输到目标端的一个directory中，datafile则传送到一个临时目录(target为ASM存储)或者目标数据库的datafile目录(target为文件系统存储)。

oracle@wls112:/data/oracle/dump> scp postmall_metadata.dmp 172.24.138.101:/data/oracle/dump/

Password:

postmall_metadata.dmp 100% 260KB 260.0KB/s 00:00

oracle@wls112:/data/oracle/dump> cd ../oradata/postmall/

oracle@wls112:/data/oracle/oradata/postmall> scp tbs_postmall_* 172.24.138.101:/data/oracle/dump/

Password:

tbs_postmall_data01.dbf 100% 5120MB 33.0MB/s 02:35

tbs_postmall_data02.dbf 100% 5120MB 28.1MB/s 03:02

tbs_postmall_idx01.dbf 100% 5120MB 25.9MB/s 03:18 

5、在目标端将datafile从文件系统传输至ASM中

不能直接用asm的cp命令来进行简单的复制，而需要用RMAN中的convert datafile功能来传输datafile

oracle@postmallrac1:/data/oracle/dump> ls -l

total 15744801

-rw-r--r-- 1 oracle asmadmin 1216 2013-03-14 09:53 import.log

-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 266240 2013-03-14 11:11 postmall_metadata.dmp

-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 520192 2013-03-13 12:06 postmall_user.dmp

-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 5368717312 2013-03-14 11:14 tbs_postmall_data01.dbf

-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 5368717312 2013-03-14 11:17 tbs_postmall_data02.dbf

-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 5368717312 2013-03-14 11:21 tbs_postmall_idx01.dbf

-rw-r--r-- 1 oracle asmadmin 1582 2013-03-14 09:51 tts_import.log

用RMAN进行convert datafile

oracle@postmallrac1:/data/oracle/dump> rman target /

Recovery Manager: Release 11.2.0.3.0 - Production on Thu Mar 14 11:26:51 2013

Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

connected to target database: POSTMALL (DBID=3816065011)

RMAN> convert DATAFILE '/data/oracle/dump/tbs_postmall_data01.dbf'

2> db_file_name_convert="/data/oracle/dump/tbs_postmall_data01.dbf","+DATA";

Starting conversion at target at 2013-03-14 11:27:22

using target database control file instead of recovery catalog

allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1

channel ORA_DISK_1: SID=1155 instance=postmall1 device type=DISK

channel ORA_DISK_1: starting datafile conversion

input file name=/data/oracle/dump/tbs_postmall_data01.dbf

converted datafile=+DATA/postmall/datafile/tbs_postmall_data.274.810041245

channel ORA_DISK_1: datafile conversion complete, elapsed time: 00:02:25

Finished conversion at target at 2013-03-14 11:29:50

RMAN> convert DATAFILE '/data/oracle/dump/tbs_postmall_data02.dbf'

2> db_file_name_convert="/data/oracle/dump/tbs_postmall_data02.dbf","+DATA";

Starting conversion at target at 2013-03-14 11:30:21

using channel ORA_DISK_1

channel ORA_DISK_1: starting datafile conversion

input file name=/data/oracle/dump/tbs_postmall_data02.dbf

converted datafile=+DATA/postmall/datafile/tbs_postmall_data.275.810041421

channel ORA_DISK_1: datafile conversion complete, elapsed time: 00:02:45

Finished conversion at target at 2013-03-14 11:33:06

RMAN> convert DATAFILE '/data/oracle/dump/tbs_postmall_idx01.dbf'

2> db_file_name_convert="/data/oracle/dump/tbs_postmall_idx01.dbf","+DATA";

Starting conversion at target at 2013-03-14 12:19:58

using channel ORA_DISK_1

channel ORA_DISK_1: starting datafile conversion

input file name=/data/oracle/dump/tbs_postmall_idx01.dbf

converted datafile=+DATA/postmall/datafile/tbs_postmall_idx.273.810044399

channel ORA_DISK_1: datafile conversion complete, elapsed time: 00:02:35

Finished conversion at target at 2013-03-14 12:22:33

在asmcmd里可以看到添加进去的datafile

ASMCMD> ls -l

Type Redund Striped Time Sys Name

DATAFILE UNPROT COARSE FEB 25 15:00:00 Y EXAMPLE.264.807814653

DATAFILE UNPROT COARSE MAR 13 21:00:00 Y SYSAUX.257.807814555

DATAFILE UNPROT COARSE FEB 25 15:00:00 Y SYSTEM.256.807814555

DATAFILE UNPROT COARSE FEB 25 15:00:00 Y TBS_OGG.272.808070095

DATAFILE UNPROT COARSE MAR 14 11:00:00 Y TBS_POSTMALL_DATA.274.810041245

DATAFILE UNPROT COARSE MAR 14 11:00:00 Y TBS_POSTMALL_DATA.275.810041421

DATAFILE UNPROT COARSE MAR 14 12:00:00 Y TBS_POSTMALL_IDX.273.810044399

DATAFILE UNPROT COARSE FEB 25 15:00:00 Y TBS_ULECARD_DATA.270.807903909

DATAFILE UNPROT COARSE FEB 25 15:00:00 Y TBS_ULECARD_IDX.271.807903973

DATAFILE UNPROT COARSE FEB 25 15:00:00 Y UNDOTBS1.258.807814557

DATAFILE UNPROT COARSE MAR 13 22:00:00 Y UNDOTBS2.265.807814821

DATAFILE UNPROT COARSE FEB 25 15:00:00 Y USERS.259.807814557

6、Import the Tablespace Set

导入表空间之前，先把用户创建好。

SQL> create user postmall_user identified by postmall_pwd account unlock;

SQL> grant connect,resource,dba to postmall_user;

SQL> exit

oracle@postmallrac1:/data/oracle/dump> impdp system dumpfile=postmall_metadata.dmp directory=dump 

logfile=tts_import.log;

Import: Release 11.2.0.3.0 - Production on Thu Mar 14 13:23:07 2013

Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle and/or its affiliates.  All rights reserved.

Password: 

Connected to: Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.3.0 - 64bit Production

With the Partitioning, Real Application Clusters, Automatic Storage Management, OLAP,

Data Mining and Real Application Testing options

Master table "SYSTEM"."SYS_IMPORT_TRANSPORTABLE_01" successfully loaded/unloaded

Starting "SYSTEM"."SYS_IMPORT_TRANSPORTABLE_01":  system/******** dumpfile=postmall_metadata.dmp directory=dump transport_datafiles=+data/postmall/datafile/TBS_POSTMALL_DATA.274.810041245,+data/postmall/datafile/TBS_POSTMALL_DATA.275.810041421,+data/postmall/datafile/TBS_POSTMALL_IDX.273.810044399 logfile=tts_import.log

Processing object type TRANSPORTABLE_EXPORT/PLUGTS_BLK

Processing object type TRANSPORTABLE_EXPORT/TABLE

Processing object type TRANSPORTABLE_EXPORT/GRANT/OWNER_GRANT/OBJECT_GRANT

Processing object type TRANSPORTABLE_EXPORT/INDEX

Processing object type TRANSPORTABLE_EXPORT/CONSTRAINT/CONSTRAINT

Processing object type TRANSPORTABLE_EXPORT/INDEX_STATISTICS

Processing object type TRANSPORTABLE_EXPORT/COMMENT

Processing object type TRANSPORTABLE_EXPORT/INDEX/FUNCTIONAL_AND_BITMAP/INDEX

Processing object type TRANSPORTABLE_EXPORT/INDEX/STATISTICS/FUNCTIONAL_AND_BITMAP/INDEX_STATISTICS

Processing object type TRANSPORTABLE_EXPORT/TABLE_STATISTICS

Processing object type TRANSPORTABLE_EXPORT/POST_INSTANCE/PLUGTS_BLK

Job "SYSTEM"."SYS_IMPORT_TRANSPORTABLE_01" successfully completed at 13:23:43

7、导入用户的其他object

因为system表空无法进行TTS，所以postmall_user在system表空间的object，比如sequences、PL/SQL packages等就没法通过TTS来迁移。所以到了最后，还需要用Data Pump把其他object给迁移过来。

source端：

oracle@wls112:/data/oracle/dump>  expdp system directory=dump schemas=postmall_user  dumpfile=postmall_user.dmp;

Export: Release 10.2.0.4.0 - 64bit Production on Thursday, 14 March, 2013 13:34:16

Copyright (c) 2003, 2007, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

Password: 

Connected to: Oracle Database 10g Enterprise Edition Release 10.2.0.4.0 - 64bit Production

With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options

FLASHBACK automatically enabled to preserve database integrity.

Starting "SYSTEM"."SYS_EXPORT_SCHEMA_01":  system/******** directory=dump schemas=postmall_user exclude=table,index dumpfile=postmall_user.dmp

Estimate in progress using BLOCKS method...

Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLE_DATA

Total estimation using BLOCKS method: 0 KB

Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/USER

Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/SYSTEM_GRANT

Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/ROLE_GRANT

Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/DEFAULT_ROLE

Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLESPACE_QUOTA

Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/PRE_SCHEMA/PROCACT_SCHEMA

Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/PROCEDURE/PROCEDURE

Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/PROCEDURE/ALTER_PROCEDURE

Master table "SYSTEM"."SYS_EXPORT_SCHEMA_01" successfully loaded/unloaded

******************************************************************************

Dump file set for SYSTEM.SYS_EXPORT_SCHEMA_01 is:

  /data/oracle/dump/postmall_user.dmp

Job "SYSTEM"."SYS_EXPORT_SCHEMA_01" successfully completed at 13:34:35

传送到target端，在target端导入：

oracle@postmallrac1:/data/oracle/dump> impdp system dumpfile=postmall_user.dmp directory=dump logfile=user_import.log

Import: Release 11.2.0.3.0 - Production on Thu Mar 14 13:36:46 2013

Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Password: 

Connected to: Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.3.0 - 64bit Production

With the Partitioning, Real Application Clusters, Automatic Storage Management, OLAP,

Data Mining and Real Application Testing options

Master table "SYSTEM"."SYS_IMPORT_FULL_01" successfully loaded/unloaded

Starting "SYSTEM"."SYS_IMPORT_FULL_01": system/******** dumpfile=postmall_user.dmp directory=dump logfile=user_import.log

Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/USER

ORA-31684: Object type USER:"POSTMALL_USER" already exists

Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/SYSTEM_GRANT

Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/ROLE_GRANT

Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/DEFAULT_ROLE

Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLESPACE_QUOTA

Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/PRE_SCHEMA/PROCACT_SCHEMA

Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/PROCEDURE/PROCEDURE

Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/PROCEDURE/ALTER_PROCEDURE

ORA-39082: Object type ALTER_PROCEDURE:"POSTMALL_USER"."UPDATE_0124" created with compilation warnings

Job "SYSTEM"."SYS_IMPORT_FULL_01" completed with 2 error(s) at 13:36:57

导入的时候，出现了两个错误，第一个"ORA-31684"是因为用户已经存在了，无需再导入。第二个错误"ORA-39082"是因为有个procedure编译告警，这个procedure已经废弃，无需理会。

用户postmall_user虽然已经创建，但是还需要手动修改该用户的default tablespace为新导入的TBS_POSTMALL_DATA

SQL> alter user postmall_user default tablespace tbs_postmall_data;

User altered.

8、检验数据

source端

SQL> show user

USER is "POSTMALL_USER"

SQL> select object_name,object_type,status from user_objects;

OBJECT_NAME                              OBJECT_TYPE          STATUS

---------------------------------------- -------------------- -------

ORDER_LOTTERY                            TABLE                VALID

PRIZE_RECORD                             TABLE                VALID

IDX_OL_LOTTERY_TERM_END                  INDEX                VALID

IDX_ORDER_LOTTERY_STATUS                 INDEX                VALID

IDX_OL_LOTTERY_ONLYID_END                INDEX                VALID

IDX_LOTTERY_NO                           INDEX                VALID

IDX_OL_ESCORDERID                        INDEX                VALID

IDX_OL_USR_PHONE_TYPE                    INDEX                VALID

PK_PRIZE_RECORD                          INDEX                VALID

IDX_PR_MOBILE                            INDEX                VALID

IDX_PR_UCNO                              INDEX                VALID

IDX_PR_CREATE_DESC                       INDEX                VALID

PK_T1                                    INDEX                VALID

T1                                       TABLE                VALID

UPDATE_0124                              PROCEDURE            INVALID

PK_ORDER_LOTTERY                         INDEX                VALID

EMPLOYEES                                TABLE                VALID

PK_EMPLOYEES                             INDEX                VALID

IDX_EMPLOYEES_EMAIL                      INDEX                VALID

CREATE_INDEX_CCLR                        PROCEDURE            VALID

20 rows selected.

SQL> select count(*) from ORDER_LOTTERY;

  COUNT(*)

----------

  33330240

SQL> select count(*) from PRIZE_RECORD;

  COUNT(*)

----------

    111660

SQL> select count(*) from T1;

  COUNT(*)

----------

   2549760

SQL> select count(*) from employees;

  COUNT(*)

----------

       123

SQL> select EMPLOYEE_ID,FIRST_NAME,LAST_NAME,EMAIL FROM EMPLOYEES WHERE EMPLOYEE_ID<=10;

EMPLOYEE_ID FIRST_NAME           LAST_NAME                 EMAIL

----------- -------------------- ------------------------- -------------------------

          1 杰森                 伯恩                      124@gmail.com

          2 勒布朗               詹姆斯                    124@gmail.com

          3 科比                 布莱恩特                  124@gmail.com

          4 沙克                 奥尼尔                    124@gmail.com

          5 蒂姆                 邓肯                      124@gmail.com

          6 迈克尔               乔丹                      124@gmail.com

          7 摩西                 马龙                      124@gmail.com

          8 乔治                 布什                      124@gmail.com

          9 hello                baby                      124@gmail.com

         10 jay                  刘杰                      124@gmail.com

10 rows selected.

target端：

SQL> show user

USER is "POSTMALL_USER"

SQL> select object_name,object_type,status from user_objects;

OBJECT_NAME OBJECT_TYPE STATUS

---------------------------------------- -------------------- ---------------------

UPDATE_0124 PROCEDURE INVALID

CREATE_INDEX_CCLR PROCEDURE VALID

IDX_PR_CREATE_DESC INDEX VALID

PK_T1 INDEX VALID

IDX_EMPLOYEES_EMAIL INDEX VALID

PK_EMPLOYEES INDEX VALID

IDX_PR_UCNO INDEX VALID

IDX_PR_MOBILE INDEX VALID

PK_PRIZE_RECORD INDEX VALID

IDX_OL_USR_PHONE_TYPE INDEX VALID

IDX_OL_ESCORDERID INDEX VALID

IDX_LOTTERY_NO INDEX VALID

IDX_OL_LOTTERY_ONLYID_END INDEX VALID

IDX_ORDER_LOTTERY_STATUS INDEX VALID

IDX_OL_LOTTERY_TERM_END INDEX VALID

PK_ORDER_LOTTERY INDEX VALID

T1 TABLE VALID

EMPLOYEES TABLE VALID

PRIZE_RECORD TABLE VALID

ORDER_LOTTERY TABLE VALID

20 rows selected.

SQL> select count(*) from ORDER_LOTTERY;

COUNT(*)

----------

33330240

SQL> select count(*) from PRIZE_RECORD;

COUNT(*)

----------

111660

SQL> select count(*) from T1;

COUNT(*)

----------

2549760

SQL> select count(*) from employees;

COUNT(*)

----------

123

SQL> select EMPLOYEE_ID,FIRST_NAME,LAST_NAME,EMAIL FROM EMPLOYEES WHERE EMPLOYEE_ID<=10;

EMPLOYEE_ID FIRST_NAME LAST_NAME EMAIL

----------- ---------- ---------- ---------------

1 杰森 伯恩 124@gmail.com

2 勒布朗 詹姆斯 124@gmail.com

3 科比 布莱恩特 124@gmail.com

4 沙克 奥尼尔 124@gmail.com

5 蒂姆 邓肯 124@gmail.com

6 迈克尔 乔丹 124@gmail.com

7 摩西 马龙 124@gmail.com

8 乔治 布什 124@gmail.com

9 hello baby 124@gmail.com

10 jay 刘杰 124@gmail.com

10 rows selected.

数据均一致，中文也没有出现乱码。数据库迁移成功。

小结：

一、两边数据库的字符集(包括NLS_CHARACTERSET和NLS_NCHAR_CHARACTERSET)最好完全一样，如果不一样，也要保证source端的字符集是target端的字符集的真子集，还要加上一些限制，具体可以参考官方文档的说明。

二、在source端生成和传送TTS Set之前必须要设置相关表空间为read only模式。

三、如果从filesystem→filesystem,直接把datafile传输到目标数据库的datafile路径即可。如果从filesystem→asm，则需要多一RMAN的convert datafile操作。如果是asm→asm则还没进行测试。

---------------------

作者：jasonliu_2012

来源：CSDN

原文：https://blog.csdn.net/jasonliu_2012/article/details/8688209

版权声明：本文为博主原创文章，转载请附上博文链接！

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