1.Kafka提供了两套API给Consumer
- The high-level Consumer API
- The SimpleConsumer API
第一种高度抽象的Consumer API，它使用起来简单、方便，可是对于某些特殊的需求我们可能要用到另外一种更底层的API，那么先介绍下另外一种API可以帮助我们做哪些事情
- 一个消息读取多次
- 在一个处理过程中仅仅消费Partition当中的一部分消息
- 加入事务管理机制以保证消息被处理且仅被处理一次
2.使用SimpleConsumer有哪些弊端呢？
- 必须在程序中跟踪offset值
- 必须找出指定Topic Partition中的lead broker
- 必须处理broker的变动
3.使用SimpleConsumer的步骤
- 从全部活跃的broker中找出哪个是指定Topic Partition中的leader broker
- 找出指定Topic Partition中的全部备份broker
- 构造请求
- 发送请求查询数据
- 处理leader broker变更
4.代码实例
package bonree.consumer; import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Collections;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map; import kafka.api.FetchRequest;
import kafka.api.FetchRequestBuilder;
import kafka.api.PartitionOffsetRequestInfo;
import kafka.common.ErrorMapping;
import kafka.common.TopicAndPartition;
import kafka.javaapi.FetchResponse;
import kafka.javaapi.OffsetResponse;
import kafka.javaapi.PartitionMetadata;
import kafka.javaapi.TopicMetadata;
import kafka.javaapi.TopicMetadataRequest;
import kafka.javaapi.consumer.SimpleConsumer;
import kafka.message.MessageAndOffset; public class SimpleExample {
private List<String> m_replicaBrokers = new ArrayList<String>(); public SimpleExample() {
m_replicaBrokers = new ArrayList<String>();
} public static void main(String args[]) {
SimpleExample example = new SimpleExample();
// 最大读取消息数量
long maxReads = Long.parseLong("3");
// 要订阅的topic
String topic = "mytopic";
// 要查找的分区
int partition = Integer.parseInt("0");
// broker节点的ip
List<String> seeds = new ArrayList<String>();
seeds.add("192.168.4.30");
seeds.add("192.168.4.31");
seeds.add("192.168.4.32");
// 端口
int port = Integer.parseInt("9092");
try {
example.run(maxReads, topic, partition, seeds, port);
} catch (Exception e) {
System.out.println("Oops:" + e);
e.printStackTrace();
}
} public void run(long a_maxReads, String a_topic, int a_partition, List<String> a_seedBrokers, int a_port) throws Exception {
// 获取指定Topic partition的元数据
PartitionMetadata metadata = findLeader(a_seedBrokers, a_port, a_topic, a_partition);
if (metadata == null) {
System.out.println("Can't find metadata for Topic and Partition. Exiting");
return;
}
if (metadata.leader() == null) {
System.out.println("Can't find Leader for Topic and Partition. Exiting");
return;
}
String leadBroker = metadata.leader().host();
String clientName = "Client_" + a_topic + "_" + a_partition; SimpleConsumer consumer = new SimpleConsumer(leadBroker, a_port, 100000, 64 * 1024, clientName);
long readOffset = getLastOffset(consumer, a_topic, a_partition, kafka.api.OffsetRequest.EarliestTime(), clientName);
int numErrors = 0;
while (a_maxReads > 0) {
if (consumer == null) {
consumer = new SimpleConsumer(leadBroker, a_port, 100000, 64 * 1024, clientName);
}
FetchRequest req = new FetchRequestBuilder().clientId(clientName).addFetch(a_topic, a_partition, readOffset, 100000).build();
FetchResponse fetchResponse = consumer.fetch(req); if (fetchResponse.hasError()) {
numErrors++;
// Something went wrong!
short code = fetchResponse.errorCode(a_topic, a_partition);
System.out.println("Error fetching data from the Broker:" + leadBroker + " Reason: " + code);
if (numErrors > 5)
break;
if (code == ErrorMapping.OffsetOutOfRangeCode()) {
// We asked for an invalid offset. For simple case ask for
// the last element to reset
readOffset = getLastOffset(consumer, a_topic, a_partition, kafka.api.OffsetRequest.LatestTime(), clientName);
continue;
}
consumer.close();
consumer = null;
leadBroker = findNewLeader(leadBroker, a_topic, a_partition, a_port);
continue;
}
numErrors = 0; long numRead = 0;
for (MessageAndOffset messageAndOffset : fetchResponse.messageSet(a_topic, a_partition)) {
long currentOffset = messageAndOffset.offset();
if (currentOffset < readOffset) {
System.out.println("Found an old offset: " + currentOffset + " Expecting: " + readOffset);
continue;
} readOffset = messageAndOffset.nextOffset();
ByteBuffer payload = messageAndOffset.message().payload(); byte[] bytes = new byte[payload.limit()];
payload.get(bytes);
System.out.println(String.valueOf(messageAndOffset.offset()) + ": " + new String(bytes, "UTF-8"));
numRead++;
a_maxReads--;
} if (numRead == 0) {
try {
Thread.sleep(1000);
} catch (InterruptedException ie) {
}
}
}
if (consumer != null)
consumer.close();
} public static long getLastOffset(SimpleConsumer consumer, String topic, int partition, long whichTime, String clientName) {
TopicAndPartition topicAndPartition = new TopicAndPartition(topic, partition);
Map<TopicAndPartition, PartitionOffsetRequestInfo> requestInfo = new HashMap<TopicAndPartition, PartitionOffsetRequestInfo>();
requestInfo.put(topicAndPartition, new PartitionOffsetRequestInfo(whichTime, 1));
kafka.javaapi.OffsetRequest request = new kafka.javaapi.OffsetRequest(requestInfo, kafka.api.OffsetRequest.CurrentVersion(), clientName);
OffsetResponse response = consumer.getOffsetsBefore(request); if (response.hasError()) {
System.out.println("Error fetching data Offset Data the Broker. Reason: " + response.errorCode(topic, partition));
return 0;
}
long[] offsets = response.offsets(topic, partition);
return offsets[0];
} /**
* @param a_oldLeader
* @param a_topic
* @param a_partition
* @param a_port
* @return String
* @throws Exception
* 找一个leader broker
*/
private String findNewLeader(String a_oldLeader, String a_topic, int a_partition, int a_port) throws Exception {
for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
boolean goToSleep = false;
PartitionMetadata metadata = findLeader(m_replicaBrokers, a_port, a_topic, a_partition);
if (metadata == null) {
goToSleep = true;
} else if (metadata.leader() == null) {
goToSleep = true;
} else if (a_oldLeader.equalsIgnoreCase(metadata.leader().host()) && i == 0) {
// first time through if the leader hasn't changed give
// ZooKeeper a second to recover
// second time, assume the broker did recover before failover,
// or it was a non-Broker issue
//
goToSleep = true;
} else {
return metadata.leader().host();
}
if (goToSleep) {
try {
Thread.sleep(1000);
} catch (InterruptedException ie) {
}
}
}
System.out.println("Unable to find new leader after Broker failure. Exiting");
throw new Exception("Unable to find new leader after Broker failure. Exiting");
} private PartitionMetadata findLeader(List<String> a_seedBrokers, int a_port, String a_topic, int a_partition) {
PartitionMetadata returnMetaData = null;
loop: for (String seed : a_seedBrokers) {
SimpleConsumer consumer = null;
try {
consumer = new SimpleConsumer(seed, a_port, 100000, 64 * 1024, "leaderLookup");
List<String> topics = Collections.singletonList(a_topic);
TopicMetadataRequest req = new TopicMetadataRequest(topics);
kafka.javaapi.TopicMetadataResponse resp = consumer.send(req); List<TopicMetadata> metaData = resp.topicsMetadata();
for (TopicMetadata item : metaData) {
for (PartitionMetadata part : item.partitionsMetadata()) {
if (part.partitionId() == a_partition) {
returnMetaData = part;
break loop;
}
}
}
} catch (Exception e) {
System.out.println("Error communicating with Broker [" + seed + "] to find Leader for [" + a_topic + ", " + a_partition + "] Reason: " + e);
} finally {
if (consumer != null)
consumer.close();
}
}
if (returnMetaData != null) {
m_replicaBrokers.clear();
for (kafka.cluster.Broker replica : returnMetaData.replicas()) {
m_replicaBrokers.add(replica.host());
}
}
return returnMetaData;
}
}