代码随想录-035期-算法训练营【博客笔记汇总表】-****博客
第七章 回溯算法part02
今日内容:
● 216.组合总和III
● 17.电话号码的字母组合
详细布置
216.组合总和III
如果把 组合问题理解了,本题就容易一些了。
题目链接/文章讲解:https://programmercarl.com/0216.%E7%BB%84%E5%90%88%E6%80%BB%E5%92%8CIII.html
视频讲解:https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1wg411873x
17.电话号码的字母组合
本题大家刚开始做会有点难度,先自己思考20min,没思路就直接看题解。
题目链接/文章讲解:https://programmercarl.com/0017.%E7%94%B5%E8%AF%9D%E5%8F%B7%E7%A0%81%E7%9A%84%E5%AD%97%E6%AF%8D%E7%BB%84%E5%90%88.html
视频讲解:https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1yV4y1V7Ug
往日任务
● day 1 任务以及具体安排:https://docs.qq.com/doc/DUG9UR2ZUc3BjRUdY
● day 2 任务以及具体安排:https://docs.qq.com/doc/DUGRwWXNOVEpyaVpG
● day 3 任务以及具体安排:https://docs.qq.com/doc/DUGdqYWNYeGhlaVR6
● day 4 任务以及具体安排:https://docs.qq.com/doc/DUFNjYUxYRHRVWklp
● day 5 周日休息
● day 6 任务以及具体安排:https://docs.qq.com/doc/DUEtFSGdreWRuR2p4
● day 7 任务以及具体安排:https://docs.qq.com/doc/DUElCb1NyTVpXa0Jj
● day 8 任务以及具体安排:https://docs.qq.com/doc/DUGdsY2JFaFhDRVZH
● day 9 任务以及具体安排:https://docs.qq.com/doc/DUHVXSnZNaXpVUHN4
● day 10 任务以及具体安排:https://docs.qq.com/doc/DUElqeHh3cndDbW1Q
●day 11 任务以及具体安排:https://docs.qq.com/doc/DUHh6UE5hUUZOZUd0
●day 12 周日休息
●day 13 任务以及具体安排:https://docs.qq.com/doc/DUHNpa3F4b2dMUWJ3
●day 14 任务以及具体安排:https://docs.qq.com/doc/DUHRtdXZZSWFkeGdE
●day 15 任务以及具体安排:https://docs.qq.com/doc/DUHN0ZVJuRmVYeWNv
●day 16 任务以及具体安排:https://docs.qq.com/doc/DUHBQRm1aSWR4T2NK
●day 17 任务以及具体安排:https://docs.qq.com/doc/DUFpXY3hBZkpabWFY
●day 18 任务以及具体安排:https://docs.qq.com/doc/DUFFiVHl3YVlReVlr
●day 19 周日休息
●day 20 任务以及具体安排:https://docs.qq.com/doc/DUGFRU2V6Z1F4alBH
●day 21 任务以及具体安排:https://docs.qq.com/doc/DUHl2SGNvZmxqZm1X
●day 22 任务以及具体安排:https://docs.qq.com/doc/DUHplVUp5YnN1bnBL
●day 23 任务以及具体安排:https://docs.qq.com/doc/DUFBUQmxpQU1pa29C
●day 24 任务以及具体安排:https://docs.qq.com/doc/DUEhsb0pUUm1WT2NP
目录
0216_组合总和III
0017_电话号码的字母组合
0216_组合总和III
res.add(new ArrayList<>(path)); // 不是add(path);
package com.question.solve.leetcode.programmerCarl2._08_backtrackingAlgorithms;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.LinkedList;
import java.util.List;
public class _0216_组合总和III {
}
class Solution0216 {
List<List<Integer>> res = new ArrayList<>();
LinkedList<Integer> path = new LinkedList<>();
public List<List<Integer>> combinationSum3(int k, int n) {
backTracking(k, n, 1);
return res;
}
private void backTracking(int k, int n, int startIndex) {
if (path.size() == k) {
int sum = path.stream().mapToInt(x -> x).sum();
if (sum == n) {
res.add(new ArrayList<>(path));
}
}
for (int i = startIndex; i <= 9; i++) {
path.add(i);
backTracking(k, n, i + 1);
path.removeLast();
}
}
}
class Solution0216_2 {//模板方法
List<List<Integer>> result = new ArrayList<>();
LinkedList<Integer> path = new LinkedList<>();
public List<List<Integer>> combinationSum3(int k, int n) {
backTracking(n, k, 1, 0);
return result;
}
private void backTracking(int targetSum, int k, int startIndex, int sum) {
if (sum > targetSum) {//减枝
return;
}
if (path.size() == k) {
if (sum == targetSum) result.add(new ArrayList<>(path));
return;
}
// 减枝 9 - (k - path.size()) + 1
for (int i = startIndex; i <= 9 - (k - path.size()) + 1; i++) {
path.add(i);
sum += i;
backTracking(targetSum, k, i + 1, sum);
//回溯
path.removeLast();
//回溯
sum -= i;
}
}
}
// 上面剪枝 i <= 9 - (k - path.size()) + 1; 如果还是不清楚
// 也可以改为 if (path.size() > k) return; 执行效率上是一样的
class Solution0216_3 {
LinkedList<Integer> path = new LinkedList<>();
List<List<Integer>> ans = new ArrayList<>();
public List<List<Integer>> combinationSum3(int k, int n) {
build(k, n, 1, 0);
return ans;
}
private void build(int k, int n, int startIndex, int sum) {
if (sum > n) return;
if (path.size() > k) return;
if (sum == n && path.size() == k) {
ans.add(new ArrayList<>(path));
return;
}
for (int i = startIndex; i <= 9; i++) {
path.add(i);
sum += i;
build(k, n, i + 1, sum);
sum -= i;
path.removeLast();
}
}
}
class Solution0216_4 {
List<List<Integer>> res = new ArrayList<>();
List<Integer> list = new ArrayList<>();
public List<List<Integer>> combinationSum3(int k, int n) {
res.clear();
list.clear();
backtracking(k, n, 9);
return res;
}
private void backtracking(int k, int n, int maxNum) {
if (k == 0 && n == 0) {
res.add(new ArrayList<>(list));
return;
}
// 因为不能重复,并且单个数字最大值是maxNum,所以sum最大值为
// (maxNum + (maxNum - 1) + ... + (maxNum - k + 1)) == k * maxNum - k*(k - 1) / 2
if (maxNum == 0
|| n > k * maxNum - k * (k - 1) / 2
|| n < (1 + k) * k / 2) {
return;
}
list.add(maxNum);
backtracking(k - 1, n - maxNum, maxNum - 1);
list.remove(list.size() - 1);
backtracking(k, n, maxNum - 1);
}
}
0017_电话号码的字母组合
理解本题后,要解决如下三个问题:
- 数字和字母如何映射
- 两个字母就两个for循环,三个字符我就三个for循环,以此类推,然后发现代码根本写不出来
- 输入1 * #按键等等异常情况
package com.question.solve.leetcode.programmerCarl2._08_backtrackingAlgorithms;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;
public class _0017_电话号码的字母组合 {
}
class Solution0017 {
List<String> list = new ArrayList<>();//设置全局列表存储最后的结果
public List<String> letterCombinations(String digits) {
if (digits == null || digits.length() == 0) {
return list;
}
//初始对应所有的数字,为了直接对应2-9,新增了两个无效的字符串""
String[] numString = {"", "", "abc", "def", "ghi", "jkl", "mno", "pqrs", "tuv", "wxyz"};
backTracking(digits, numString, 0);//迭代处理
return list;
}
//每次迭代获取一个字符串,所以会涉及大量的字符串拼接,所以这里选择更为高效的StringBuilder
StringBuilder temp = new StringBuilder();
//比如digits如果为"23",num为0,则str表示2对应的abc
public void backTracking(String digits, String[] numString, int num) {
//遍历全部一次记录一次得到的字符串
if (num == digits.length()) {
list.add(temp.toString());
return;
}
//str表示当前num对应的字符串
String str = numString[digits.charAt(num) - '0'];
for (int i = 0; i < str.length(); i++) {
temp.append(str.charAt(i));
backTracking(digits, numString, num + 1);
//剔除末尾的继续尝试
temp.deleteCharAt(temp.length() - 1);
}
}
}
class Solution0017_2 {
public List<String> letterCombinations(String digits) {
List<String> combinations = new ArrayList<String>();
if (digits.length() == 0) {
return combinations;
}
Map<Character, String> phoneMap = new HashMap<Character, String>() {{
put('2', "abc");
put('3', "def");
put('4', "ghi");
put('5', "jkl");
put('6', "mno");
put('7', "pqrs");
put('8', "tuv");
put('9', "wxyz");
}};
backtrack(combinations, phoneMap, digits, 0, new StringBuffer());
return combinations;
}
public void backtrack(List<String> combinations, Map<Character, String> phoneMap, String digits, int index, StringBuffer combination) {
if (index == digits.length()) {
combinations.add(combination.toString());
} else {
char digit = digits.charAt(index);
String letters = phoneMap.get(digit);
int lettersCount = letters.length();
for (int i = 0; i < lettersCount; i++) {
combination.append(letters.charAt(i));
backtrack(combinations, phoneMap, digits, index + 1, combination);
combination.deleteCharAt(index);
}
}
}
}