本文实例讲述了Python数据结构与算法之链表定义与用法。分享给大家供大家参考,具体如下:
本文将为大家讲解:
(1)从链表节点的定义开始,以类的方式,面向对象的思想进行链表的设计
(2)链表类插入和删除等成员函数实现时需要考虑的边界条件,
prepend(头部插入)、pop(头部删除)、append(尾部插入)、pop_last(尾部删除)
2.1 插入:
空链表
链表长度为1
插入到末尾
2.2 删除
空链表
链表长度为1
删除末尾元素
(3)从单链表到单链表的一众变体:
带尾节点的单链表
循环单链表
双链表
1. 链表节点的定义
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class LNode:
def __init__( self , elem, next_ = None ):
self .elem = elem
self . next = next_
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2. 单链表的实现
重点理解插入、删除的实现及其需要考虑的边界条件:
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class LinkedListUnderflow(ValueError):
pass
class LList:
def __init__( self ):
self ._head = None
def is_empty( self ):
return self ._head is None
def prepend( self , elem):
self ._head = LNode(elem, self ._head)
def pop( self ):
if self ._head is None :
raise LinkedListUnderflow( 'in pop' )
e = self ._head.elem
self ._head = self ._head. next
return e
def append( self , elem):
if self ._head is None :
self ._head = LNode(elem)
return
p = self ._head
while p. next is not None :
p = p. next
p. next = LNode(elem)
def pop_last( self ):
if self ._head is None :
raise LinkedListUnderflow( 'in pop_last' )
p = self ._head
if p. next is None :
e = p.elem
self ._head = None
return e
while p. next . next is not None :
p = p. next
e = p. next .elem
p. next = None
return e
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简单总结:
(0)能够访问 p.next.next 的前提是 p.next 不为空;
(1)尾部插入,如果链表不为空,需且仅需改变的是尾部节点的指针;
(2)尾部删除,如果链表长度不为空,需且仅需改变的是倒数第二个节点的指针。
单链表的简单变形:具有尾部节点的单链表
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class LList1(LList):
def __init__( self ):
LList.__init__( self )
self ._rear = None
...
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我们仅需重写的是:头部的插入、尾部的插入、尾部的删除
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def prepend( self , elem):
if self ._head is None :
self ._head = LNode(elem)
self ._rear = self ._head
else :
self ._head = LNode(elem, self ._head)
def append( self , elem):
if self ._head is None :
self ._head = LNode(elem)
self ._rear = self ._head
else :
self ._rear. next = LNode(elem)
self ._rear = self ._rear. next
def pop_last( self ):
if self ._head is None :
raise LinkedListUnderflow( 'in pop_last' )
p = self ._head
if p. next is None :
e = p.elem
self ._head = None
return e
while p. next . next is not None :
p = p. next
e = p. next .elem
self ._rear = p
p. next = None
return e
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单链表的变体:循环单链表
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class LCList:
def __init__( self ):
self ._rear = None
def prepend( self , elem):
if self ._rear is None :
self ._rear = LNode(elem)
self ._rear. next = self ._rear
else :
self ._rear. next = LNode(elem, self ._rear. next )
def append( self , elem):
self .prepend(elem)
self_rear = self ._rear. next
def pop( self ):
if self ._rear is None :
raise LinkedListUnderflow( 'in pop' )
p = self ._rear. next
if p is None :
self ._rear = None
else :
self ._rear. next = p. next
return p.elem
def printall( self ):
if self ._rear is None :
raise ...
p = self ._rear. next
while True :
print (p.elem)
if p is self ._rear:
break
p = p. next
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希望本文所述对大家Python程序设计有所帮助。
原文链接:http://blog.csdn.net/lanchunhui/article/details/51500342