好吧，在拜读完《Python网络编程基础》之后，回头再搞一搞16章的网络编程吧。
Let‘s go！
16.4.修改书上示例的TCP和UDP客户端，使得服务器的名字不要在代码里写死，要允许用户指定一个主机名和端口。只有两个值都没有输入是才使用默认值。
难度不大。
#tsTclnt.py
#!/usr/bin/env python
#-*-coding:utf-8-*-
from socket import *
import sys
if(len(sys.argv) < 3):
HOST = 'localhost'
PORT = 21567
else:
HOST = sys.argv[1]
PORT = int(sys.argv[2])
BUFSIZ = 1024
ADDR = (HOST,PORT)
tcpCliSock = socket(AF_INET,SOCK_STREAM)
tcpCliSock.connect(ADDR)
while True:
data = raw_input('> ')
if not data:
break
tcpCliSock.send(data)
data = tcpCliSock.recv(BUFSIZ)
if not data:
break
print data
tcpCliSock.close()
#tsUclnt.py
#!/usr/bin/env python
#-*- coding:utf-8 -*-
from socket import *
import sys
if(len(sys.argv) < 3):
HOST = 'localhost'
PORT = 21567
else:
HOST = sys.argv[1]
PORT = sys.argv[2]
#print sys.argv[1],sys.argv[2]
BUFSIZ = 1024
ADDR = (HOST,int(PORT))
udpCliSock = socket(AF_INET,SOCK_DGRAM)
while True:
data = raw_input('> ')
if not data:
break
udpCliSock.sendto(data,ADDR)
data,ADDR = udpCliSock.recvfrom(BUFSIZ)
if not data:
break
print data
udpCliSock.close()
16.5.修改服务器示例代码，使得它能根据不同的请求而作出应答。
这道题目本质上也不难，只需要在服务器的死循环程序加上条件判断即可。
版本1：纯TCP服务器端修改。
#!/usr/bin/env python
#-*- coding:utf-8 -*-
from socket import *
import time,os
HOST = ''
PORT = 21567
BUFSIZ = 1024
ADDR = (HOST,PORT)
tcpSerSock = socket(AF_INET,SOCK_STREAM)
tcpSerSock.bind(ADDR)
tcpSerSock.listen(5)
while True:
print 'waiting for connection...'
tcpCliSock,addr = tcpSerSock.accept()
print '...connected from:',addr
while True:
data = tcpCliSock.recv(BUFSIZ)
data = data.strip()
if not data:
break
if data == "date":
tcpCliSock.send('%s' % (time.ctime(time.time())))
elif data == "os":
tcpCliSock.send('%s' % (os.name))
elif data == "ls":
tcpCliSock.send('%s' % (os.listdir(os.curdir)))
else:
tcpCliSock.send('[%s] %s' % (ctime(),data))
tcpCliSock.close()
tcpSerSock.close()
版本2：使用现成的服务器框架进行修改。
#!/usr/bin/env python
#-*-coding:utf-8-*-
from SocketServer import ThreadingMixIn,TCPServer,StreamRequestHandler
import time,os,re
class TxRequestHandler(StreamRequestHandler):
def handle(self):
req = self.rfile.readline().strip()
m = re.match('(\w+)\s+([\w+/]+)',req)
if req == "date":
result = time.ctime(time.time())
elif req == "os":
result = os.name
elif req == "ls":
result = str(os.listdir(os.curdir))
elif m is not None and m.lastindex == 2 and m.group(1) == 'ls':
result = str(os.listdir(m.group(2)))
else:
result = """
date -- 服务器将返回它的当前时间
os -- 得到操作系统的信息
ls -- 得到当前目录的文件列表
"""
self.wfile.write(result+"\n")
class TxServer(ThreadingMixIn,TCPServer):
allow_reuse_address = 1
serveraddr = ('',8765)
srvr = TxServer(serveraddr,TxRequestHandler)
srvr.serve_forever()
16.7.实现一个半双工的聊天方式，其中一个人是服务端，另一个人是客户端。
其实也不难，只是将回射服务器做部分修改就可以。
服务器端：
#!/usr/bin/env python
#-*- coding:utf-8 -*-
from socket import *
from time import ctime
HOST = ''
PORT = 21567
BUFSIZ = 1024
ADDR = (HOST,PORT)
tcpSerSock = socket(AF_INET,SOCK_STREAM)
tcpSerSock.bind(ADDR)
tcpSerSock.listen(5)
while True:
print 'waiting for connection...'
tcpCliSock,addr = tcpSerSock.accept()
print '...connected from:',addr
while True:
rdata = tcpCliSock.recv(BUFSIZ)
if not rdata:
break
print rdata
sdata = raw_input(">")
tcpCliSock.send('[%s] %s' % (ctime(),sdata))
tcpCliSock.close()
tcpSerSock.close()
客户端：
#!/usr/bin/env python
#-*-coding:utf-8-*-
from socket import *
import sys
if(len(sys.argv) < 3):
HOST = 'localhost'
PORT = 21567
else:
HOST = sys.argv[1]
PORT = int(sys.argv[2])
BUFSIZ = 1024
ADDR = (HOST,PORT)
tcpCliSock = socket(AF_INET,SOCK_STREAM)
tcpCliSock.connect(ADDR)
while True:
data = raw_input('> ')
if not data:
break
tcpCliSock.send(data)
data = tcpCliSock.recv(BUFSIZ)
if not data:
break
print data
tcpCliSock.close()
16.8.实现一个全双工的聊天方式，即两个人可以独立地发送和接收消息。
全双工其实原理也不太难，但是我一直傻逼了，一直用写服务器端的方法去实现客户端的程序。
我所使用的方法也是最常用的技术——多线程。以下是服务器端和客户端的编写思路：
服务器端：在服务器端我主要用了一个主线程来accept客户端的链接，没接受了一个连接，就新建两个线程，一个用于发送消息，一个用于接收消息。
客户端：思路完全不一样，由于客户端面对的只有服务器，所以主线程只能是接收消息（发送消息），然后发送消息（接收消息）作为一个线程来并发。
由于这里的数据并不是共享的，所以这里的线程写起来就很轻松，不用考虑同步问题。
服务器端：
#!/usr/bin/env python
#-*- coding:utf-8 -*-
import socket,traceback,os
from threading import *
host = ''
port = 51423 #监听所有的接口
#接受消息的线程
def handlerecv(clientsock):
print "New child",currentThread().getName()
print "Got connection from",clientsock.getpeername()
while True:
data = clientsock.recv(4096)
if not len(data):
break
print data
clientsock.close()
#发送消息的线程
def handlesend(clientsock):
while True:
data = raw_input(">")
data = data + "\n"; #加上换行，好看一点。
clientsock.sendall(data)
#关闭连接
clientsock.close()
#建立套接字
s = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET,socket.SOCK_STREAM)
s.setsockopt(socket.SOL_SOCKET,socket.SO_REUSEADDR,1)
s.bind((host,port))
s.listen(1)
while True:
try:
clientsock,clientaddr = s.accept()
except KeyboardInterrupt:
raise
except:
traceback.print_exc()
continue
t = Thread(target = handlerecv,args=[clientsock])
t.setDaemon(1)
t.start()
r = Thread(target = handlesend,args=[clientsock])
r.setDaemon(1)
r.start()
客户端：
#!/usr/bin/env python
#-*-coding:utf-8-*-
from socket import *
import sys
from threading import *
if(len(sys.argv) < 3):
HOST = 'localhost'
PORT = 51423
else:
HOST = sys.argv[1]
PORT = int(sys.argv[2])
BUFSIZ = 1024
ADDR = (HOST,PORT)
def handlesend(tcpCliSock):
while True:
sdata = raw_input('> ')
if not sdata:
break
tcpCliSock.send(sdata)
tcpCliSock.close()
tcpCliSock = socket(AF_INET,SOCK_STREAM)
tcpCliSock.connect(ADDR)
#建立发送消息的线程
s = Thread(target = handlesend,args=[tcpCliSock])
s.setDaemon(1)
s.start()
while True:
rdata = tcpCliSock.recv(BUFSIZ)
if not rdata:
break
print rdata
tcpCliSock.close()
16.10.实现一个多房间全双工的聊天方式，把聊天服务器改成支持多用户版本。
其实思路差不多，只不过过程有点繁琐，在服务器端要建立字典，作为房间，然后每个套接字存在字典当中，然后作适当的分发。
另外一种方法使用广播不知道可不可以了。
这里直接贴人家写的代码学习一下：
服务器端：
#!/usr/bin/env python
# _*_ coding: utf8 _*_
from socket import *
from time import ctime
import threading
from string import split
HOST = ''
PORT = 21567
BUFSIZE = 1024
ADDR = (HOST, PORT)
def Deal(sck, username, room):
while True:
data = sck.recv(BUFSIZE)
for i in clients[room].iterkeys():
if i <> username:
if data <> "quit":
clients[room][i].send("[%s] %s: %s" %(ctime(), username, data))
else:
clients[room][i].send("用户%s在%s退出房间%s" %(username, ctime(), room ))
if data == "quit":
del clients[room][username]
sck.send(data)
sck.close()
break
chatSerSock = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM)
chatSerSock.bind(ADDR)
chatSerSock.listen(5)
clients = {"":{},}
while True:
print 'waiting for connection...'
chatCliSock, addr = chatSerSock.accept()
print "...connected romt: ", addr
data = chatCliSock.recv(BUFSIZE)
username, room = split(data)
print username
if not clients.has_key(room):
clients[room] = {}
if clients[room].has_key(username):
chatCliSock.send("reuse")
chatCliSock.close()
else:
chatCliSock.send("success")
clients[room][username] = chatCliSock
t = threading.Thread(target=Deal, args=(chatCliSock, username, room))
t.start()
chatSerSock.close()
客户端：
#!/usr/bin/env python
# _*_ coding: utf8 _*_
from socket import *
from time import ctime
import threading
import random
from sys import argv, exit, stdout
from getopt import gnu_getopt, GetoptError
help_info = ["cs.py [ -h | --help | -u | --username] username",
"\t-h or --help\t显示帮助信息",
"\t-u or --username\指定用户名",
"\t-r or --room\t指定房间"]
def help():
for i in help_info:
print i
def Send(sck, test):
while True:
data = raw_input('>')
sck.send(data)
if data == "quit":
break
def Recieve(sck, test):
while True:
data = sck.recv(BUFSIZ)
if data == "quit":
sck.close()
break
str = "\n" + data + "\n>"
stdout.write(str)
HOST = 'localhost'
PORT= 21567
BUFSIZ = 1024
ADDR = (HOST, PORT)
threads = []
if __name__ == "__main__":
# 解析命令行参数
try:
opts, args = gnu_getopt(argv[1:], "hu:r:", ["help", "username=", "room="])
except GetoptError, err:
print str(err)
help()
exit(2)
username = ""
room = ""
for o, a in opts:
if o in ("-h", "--help"):
help()
exit(0)
elif o in ("-u", "--username"):
username = a
elif o in ("-r", "--room"):
room = a
else:
print "未知选项"
help()
exit(2)
if not username or not room:
help()
exit(2)
chatCliSock = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM)
chatCliSock.connect(ADDR)
chatCliSock.send("%s %s" %(username, room))
data = chatCliSock.recv(BUFSIZ)
if data == "reuse":
print "用户%s已登录房间%s" %(username, room)
raw_input()
exit(1)
elif data == "success":
print "用户%s成功登录房间%s" %(username, room)
t = threading.Thread(target=Send, args = (chatCliSock, None))
threads.append(t)
t = threading.Thread(target=Recieve, args = (chatCliSock, None))
threads.append(t)
for i in range(len(threads)):
threads[i].start()
threads[0].join()
16.11.写一个网页客户端。自己新建一个套接字，然后发送http请求。
感觉难度不大。
#!/usr/bin/env python
#-*-coding:utf-8-*-
import socket,sys
website = sys.argv[1]
port = 80
print website
print "Creating socket...",
s = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET,socket.SOCK_STREAM)
print "done."
print "Connecting to ...",
s.connect((website,port))
print "done."
s.send("GET /index.html HTTP/1.0\r\n\r\n")
data = s.recv(4096)
print data
16-12.休眠服务器，在服务器端上面加个sleep(num)就好，在这里就不贴了。
16-13.功能太过复杂，本人渣渣，没精力写。
16-14.考虑的东西很多，水平有限，不做了。
16-15.异步和SocketServer。这个用多线程可以实现，在《python网络编程基础》上面直接有源码。使用方法都有教。
#!/usr/bin/env python
#-*- coding:utf-8 -*-
from SocketServer import ThreadingMixIn,TCPServer,StreamRequestHandler
import time
class TimeRequestHandler(StreamRequestHandler):
def handle(self):
req = self.rfile.readline().strip()
if req == "asctime":
result = time.asctime()
elif req == "seconds":
result = str(int(time.time()))
elif req == "rfc822":
result = time.strftime("%a, %d %b %Y %H:%M:%S +0000",time.gmtime())
else:
result = """
Unhandled request.Send a line with one of the following words:
asctime -- for human-readable time
seconds -- seconds since the Unix Epoch
rfc822 -- data/time in format used for mail and news posts
"""
self.wfile.write(result + "\n")
class TimeServer(ThreadingMixIn,TCPServer):
allow_reuse_address = 1
serveraddr = ('',8765)
srvr = TimeServer(serveraddr,TimeRequestHandler)
srvr.serve_forever()
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多多指教！谢谢！