在Http请求里post是其中比较常用的提交数据的请求方式,那么接下来就给大家详细讲解下post的几种数据传输格式,以及写法。
Http的请求传输方式很多:
我们着重讲解Post方式。Post请求包含两部分:请求头(header)和请求体(body)。
Post常见的请求体(body)有三种传输内容类型Content-type:application/x-www-form-urlencoded、application/json、multipart/form-data,当然还有其他的几种,不过不常用,常用的就是这三种。
先看第一种:application/x-www-form-urlencoded。
通过Postman可以看到Post请求的参数一般放在Body里。我们的application/x-www-form-urlencoded方式也是Post请求最早支持的一种数据传输方式,这种也是key和value形式,将我们的参数类似于GET方式那样拼接成一个字符串,例如:key1=value1&key2=value2,这种形式,然后将这个参数字符串进行urlencode编码,放到Body里进行发送请求数据。
接下来分别用Java Spring MVC、Android OkHttp、Retrofit、JS Ajax、Nodejs分别演示下这种方式的请求和接口编写:
在Java的Spring MVC中默认的编写Controller接口请求数据传输就是这种方式:application/x-www-form-urlencoded。
package com.web.mvc.controller;
import com.google.gson.FieldAttributes;
import com.google.gson.Gson;
import com.web.mvc.model.Entity;
import com.web.mvc.model.User;
import com.web.mvc.service.EntityService;
import com.web.mvc.service.IEntityService;
import com.web.mvc.utils.RedisUtils;
import com.web.mvc.utils.Utils;
import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.http.MediaType;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.ui.Model;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.*;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.sql.SQLException;
import org.apache.commons.codec.binary.Base64;
import org.springframework.web.multipart.MultipartFile;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.List;
//@Controller
@RestController
@RequestMapping("/entity")
public class EntityController {
@Autowired
private IEntityService entityService;
//默认form-urlcoded
@CrossOrigin
@RequestMapping(value = "/urlcodedReq", method = RequestMethod.POST)
@ResponseBody
public String urlcodedReq(@RequestParam String name,
@RequestParam String pwd) {
System.out.println("urlcodedReq:" + name + " " + pwd);
Gson gson = new Gson();
HashMap<String, String> map = new HashMap<>();
map.put("name", name);
map.put("pwd", pwd);
return gson.toJson(map);
}
}
@CrossOrigin:用来处理支持跨域请求的;
@ResponseBody:作用在方法上,表示请求返回的数据写入http response body里,也就是返回数据,而不是进行页面跳转。
以上就是Java Spring MVC编写Controller Post接口的写法。
接下来看下Android中Retrofit的请求写法:
public interface ApiService {
//application/x-www-form-urlencoded
@FormUrlEncoded
@POST("urlcodedReq")
Call<ResponseBody> getRepos(@Field("name") String name, @Field("pwd") String pwd);
}
就是加入了@FormUrlEncoded注解即可。
再看下Okhttp发送请求的写法:
public class Utils {
private static String
url = "http://192.168.1.130:8086/entity/urlcodedReq";
public static void okPost() {
OkHttpClient client = new OkHttpClient();
client.newBuilder()
.build();
//application/x-www-form-urlencoded
RequestBody body = new FormBody.Builder()
.add("name", "123")
.add("pwd", "pwd1")
.build();
Request request = new Request.Builder()
.post(body)
.url(url)
.build();
client.newCall(request).enqueue(new Callback() {
@Override
public void onFailure(Call call, IOException e) {
System.out.println("onFailure:" + e.getLocalizedMessage());
}
@Override
public void onResponse(Call call, Response response) throws IOException {
System.out.println("onResponse:" + response.body().string());
}
});
}
}
接下来看下JS中Ajax的写法:
/**
* 原生Ajax POST请求
*/
function getOrigantAjaxPost() {
var stringData='name=value1&pwd=value2'
var oAjax = null;
//这里进行HTTP请求
try {
oAjax = new XMLHttpRequest();
} catch (e) {
oAjax = new ActiveXObject("Microsoft.XMLHTTP");
};
//post方式
oAjax.open('post', 'http://' + hostName + ':' + port + '/entity/urlReq', true);
oAjax.setRequestHeader("Content-type", "application/x-www-form-urlencoded");
//post发送数据
oAjax.send(stringData);
oAjax.onreadystatechange = function () {
//当状态为4的时候,执行以下操作
if (oAjax.readyState == 4 && oAjax.status == 200) {
try {
//+ oAjax.responseText
console.log('data:' + oAjax.responseText);
} catch (e) {
// alert('你访问的页面出错了' + e);
};
};
};
}
Jquery Ajax写法:
function getOrigantAjaxPost() {
var stringData = 'name=value1&pwd=value2'
$.ajax({
data: stringData,
async: true,
url: 'http://' + hostName + ':' + port + '/entity/urlReq',
type: "post",
processData: false, //tell jQuery not to process the data
contentType: "application/x-www-form-urlencoded",
success: function (data, status) {
// alert("Data: " + status);
console.log("Data: " + JSON.stringify(data) + " " + status);
},
error: function (e) {
// alert("Data: error" + JSON.stringify(e));
console.log('error ' + JSON.stringify(e));
}
});
}
接下来再看下Nodejs的接口和请求写法:
var http = require("http");
var url = require('url');
var express = require('express')
var bodyParser = require('body-parser');
//设置主机名
var hostName = '192.168.56.1';
//设置端口
var port = 8092;
var app = express()
var urlencodedParser = bodyParser.urlencoded({ extended: false })
routes.post('/url', urlencodedParser, (req, res) => {
//解析参数
var params = req.body;
var user = {};
user.name = params.name;
user.pwd = params.pwd;
var response = { status: 1, data: user };
res.send(JSON.stringify(response));
res.end();
});
Nodejs原生写Post接口解析写法:
const http = require('http');
//用http模块创建一个http服务端
http.createServer(function(req, res) {
if (req.method.toLowerCase() === 'post') {
var body = '';
req.on('data', function(chunk){
body += chunk;
});
req.on('end', function(){
if(req.headers['content-type'].indexOf('application/json')!==-1){
// JSON 格式请求体解析
JSON.parse(body);
} else if(req.headers['content-type'].indexOf('application/octet-stream')!==-1){
// Raw 格式请求体解析
// ……
} else if(req.headers['content-type'].indexOf('text/plain')!==-1){
// text 文本格式请求体解析
// ……
} else if(req.headers['content-type'].indexOf('application/x-www-form-urlencoded')!==-1){
// URL-encoded 格式请求体解析
// ……
} else {
// 其它格式解析
}
})
} else {
res.end('其它提交方式');
}
}).listen(3000);
Nodejs的请求写法:
/**
* 原生POST请求
*/
function urlPost() {
var http = require('http');
var querystring = require('querystring');
var contents = querystring.stringify({
name: 'nameuser',
pwd: '123'
});
var options = {
host: hostName,
port: port,
path: '/entity/req',
method: 'POST',
headers: {
'Content-Type': 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded',
'Content-Length': contents.length
}
}
var req = http.request(options, function (res) {
res.setEncoding('utf8');
res.on('data', function (data) {
console.log("data:", data);//返回数据
});
});
req.write(contents);
req.end();
}
再看第二种:application/json。
application/json也就是告诉我们的服务器我们的消息体内容类型是序列化的JSON字符串,例如:{ "name": "value1", "pwd": "value2" }。获取到这个body直接解析Json格式字符串即可拿到参数数据。
接下来分别用Java Spring MVC、Android OkHttp、Retrofit、JS Ajax、Nodejs分别演示下这种方式的请求和接口编写:
在Java的Spring MVC中编写Controller接口接收解析application/json这种数据格式的需要在注解里定义consumes和produces为application/json类型。
@CrossOrigin
@RequestMapping(value = "/req", method = RequestMethod.POST,
consumes = MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON_VALUE
, produces = MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON_VALUE)
@ResponseBody
public String postReq(@RequestBody User user) {
System.out.println("req:" + user.getName() + " " + user.getPwd());
Gson gson = new Gson();
HashMap<String, String> map = new HashMap<>();
map.put("name", user.getName());
map.put("pwd", user.getPwd());
return gson.toJson(map);
}
Retrofit定义的话就是要加上@Headers注解,里面声明Content-Type即可。
//application/json
@Headers({"Content-Type: application/json", "Accept: application/json"})
@POST("req")
Call<ResponseBody> getRepos(@Body Entity entity);
Android OkHttp使用方法如下:
public static void okPost() {
OkHttpClient client = new OkHttpClient();
client.newBuilder()
.build();
//application/json
MediaType mediaType = MediaType.parse("application/json; charset=utf-8");
Gson gson = new Gson();
HashMap<String, String> map = new HashMap<>();
map.put("name", "name1");
map.put("pwd", "pwd1");
String postString = gson.toJson(map);
RequestBody requestBody = RequestBody.create(mediaType, postString);
Request request = new Request.Builder()
.post(requestBody)
.url(url)
.build();
client.newCall(request).enqueue(new Callback() {
@Override
public void onFailure(Call call, IOException e) {
System.out.println("onFailure:" + e.getLocalizedMessage());
}
@Override
public void onResponse(Call call, Response response) throws IOException {
System.out.println("onResponse:" + response.body().string());
}
});
}
Ajax写法:
/**
* 原生Ajax POST请求
*/
function getOrigantAjaxPost() {
var postData = '{ "name": "value1", "pwd": "value2" }';
var oAjax = null;
//这里进行HTTP请求
try {
oAjax = new XMLHttpRequest();
} catch (e) {
oAjax = new ActiveXObject("Microsoft.XMLHTTP");
};
//post方式
oAjax.open('post', 'http://' + hostName + ':' + port + '/entity/req', true);
oAjax.setRequestHeader("Content-type", "application/json");
//post发送数据
oAjax.send(postData);
oAjax.onreadystatechange = function () {
//当状态为4的时候,执行以下操作
if (oAjax.readyState == 4 && oAjax.status == 200) {
try {
//+ oAjax.responseText
console.log('tryForm:' + oAjax.responseText);
// alert('readyState' + oAjax.status + " "
// + oAjax.responseText);
} catch (e) {
// alert('你访问的页面出错了' + e);
};
};
};
}
Jquery Ajax写法:
/**
* 原生Ajax POST请求
*/
function getOrigantAjaxPost() {
var postData = '{ "name": "value1", "pwd": "value2" }';
$.ajax({
data: postData,
async: true,
url: 'http://' + hostName + ':' + port + '/entity/req',
type: "post",
processData: false, //tell jQuery not to process the data
contentType: "application/json", //tell jQuery not to set contentType
success: function (data, status) {
// alert("Data: " + status);
console.log("Data: " + JSON.stringify(data) + " " + status);
},
error: function (e) {
// alert("Data: error" + JSON.stringify(e));
console.log('error ' + JSON.stringify(e));
}
});
}
Nodejs的接口写法,只是变成bodyParser.json即可:
var urlencodedParser = bodyParser.json({ extended: false })
routes.post('/url', urlencodedParser, (req, res) => {
//解析参数
var params = req.body;
var user = {};
user.name = params.name;
user.pwd = params.pwd;
var response = { status: 1, data: user };
res.send(JSON.stringify(response));
res.end();
});
Nodejs请求的写法:
/**
* 原生POST请求
*/
function getAPost() {
var http = require('http');
var contents='{ "name": "value1json", "pwd": "value2" }';
var options = {
host: hostName,
port: port,
path: '/entity/req',
method: 'POST',
headers: {
'Content-Type': 'application/json',
'Content-Length': contents.length
}
}
var req = http.request(options, function (res) {
res.setEncoding('utf8');
res.on('data', function (data) {
console.log("data:", data);//返回数据
});
});
req.write(contents);
req.end();
}
接下来看下最后一种常用的Post请求的数据格式,:multipart/form-data。
这种格式主要用来进行文件上传,当然可以作为表单内容进行键值对提交数据,各个表单项之间用boundary分开。
接下来分别用Java Spring MVC、Android OkHttp、Retrofit、JS Ajax、Nodejs分别演示下这种方式的请求和接口编写:
在Java的Spring MVC中编写Controller接口接收解析multipart/form-data这种数据格式的需要在注解里定义consumes和produces为multipart/form-data类型。
@CrossOrigin
@RequestMapping(value = "/upReq", method = RequestMethod.POST,
consumes = MediaType.MULTIPART_FORM_DATA_VALUE)
@ResponseBody
public String uploadReq(@RequestPart(value = "file") MultipartFile multipartFile,
@RequestParam("description") String description) {
String fileType = multipartFile.getContentType();
String fileName = multipartFile.getOriginalFilename();
File file = new File("E:/file.jpg");
System.out.println("请求:" + fileType + " "
+ fileName + " " + description);
try {
multipartFile.transferTo(file);
return "success";
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
return "failure";
}
}
@CrossOrigin
@RequestMapping(value = "/formReq", method = RequestMethod.POST,
consumes = MediaType.MULTIPART_FORM_DATA_VALUE)
@ResponseBody
public String formDataReq(@RequestParam String name,
@RequestParam String pwd) {
System.out.println("formReq:" + name + " " + pwd);
Gson gson = new Gson();
HashMap<String, String> map = new HashMap<>();
map.put("name", name);
map.put("pwd", pwd);
return gson.toJson(map);
}
Retrofit的写法就是加上@Multipart注解,参数用@Part进行注解:
//multipart/form-data
@Multipart
@POST("req")
Call<ResponseBody> getRepos(@Part("description") RequestBody description,
@Part MultipartBody.Part file);
Android OkHttp的写法是:
public static void okPost() {
OkHttpClient client = new OkHttpClient();
client.newBuilder()
.build();
//multipart/form-data
File file = new File("E:/img.png");
RequestBody fileBody = new MultipartBody.Builder()
.setType(MultipartBody.FORM)
.addFormDataPart("file", file.getName(),
RequestBody.create(MediaType.parse("image/png"), file))
.addFormDataPart("description", "description")
.build();
Request request = new Request.Builder()
.post(fileBody)
.url(formUrl)
.build();
client.newCall(request).enqueue(new Callback() {
@Override
public void onFailure(Call call, IOException e) {
System.out.println("onFailure:" + e.getLocalizedMessage());
}
@Override
public void onResponse(Call call, Response response) throws IOException {
System.out.println("onResponse:" + response.body().string());
}
});
}
Ajax写法是:
/**
* 原生Ajax POST请求
*/
function getOrigantAjaxPost() {
var oAjax = null;
//这里进行HTTP请求
try {
oAjax = new XMLHttpRequest();
} catch (e) {
oAjax = new ActiveXObject("Microsoft.XMLHTTP");
};
var formData = new FormData();
formData .append("file", file); // 文件对象
formData .append("description", "description");
//post方式
oAjax.open('post', 'http://' + hostName + ':' + port + '/entity/formReq', true);
// oAjax.setRequestHeader("Content-type", "multipart/form-data");
//post发送数据
oAjax.send(formData );
oAjax.onreadystatechange = function () {
//当状态为4的时候,执行以下操作
if (oAjax.readyState == 4 && oAjax.status == 200) {
try {
//+ oAjax.responseText
console.log('tryForm:' + oAjax.responseText);
// alert('readyState' + oAjax.status + " "
// + oAjax.responseText);
} catch (e) {
// alert('你访问的页面出错了' + e);
};
};
};
}
Jquery Ajax写法:
/**
* 原生Ajax POST请求
*/
function getOrigantAjaxPost() {
var form = new FormData();
form.append("file", file); // 文件对象
form.append("description", "image");
$.ajax({
data: form,
async: true,
url: 'http://' + hostName + ':' + port + '/entity/formReq',
type: "post",
processData: false, //tell jQuery not to process the data
contentType: "multipart/form-data", //tell jQuery not to set contentType
success: function (data, status) {
// alert("Data: " + status);
console.log("Data: " + data + " " + status);
},
error: function (e) {
// alert("Data: error" + JSON.stringify(e));
console.log('error ' + JSON.stringify(e));
}
});
}
Nodejs接口写法,用了multipart:
var multipartMiddleware = multipart();
routes.post('/url', multipartMiddleware, (req, res) => {
res.send("success:" + JSON.stringify(req.body) + " " + req.files.file.type);
res.end();
});
Nodejs请求写法:
/**
* 原生POST请求
*/
function getAPost() {
var http = require('http');
var formData = new FormData();
formData.append('file', fs.createReadStream("./filename.zip"));
formData.append('description', 'image');
var options = {
host: hostName,
port: port,
path: '/entity/req',
method: 'POST',
headers: {
'Content-Type': 'multipart/form-data',
}
}
var req = http.request(options, function (res) {
res.setEncoding('utf8');
res.on('data', function (data) {
console.log("data:", data);//返回数据
});
});
req.write(formData);
req.end();
}
以上就是给大家介绍的主流Http Post的数据传输格式在各个语言上的用法。