Oracle的控制文件

时间：2023-08-06 13:13:08

一、控制文件

　　 oracle的控制文件是极其重要的文件，它是一个较小的二进制文件。

　　记录了当前数据库的结构信息,同时也包含数据文件及日志文件的信息以及相关的状态,归档信息等等

　　 在参数文件中描述其位置，个数等等。

　　在mount阶段被读取，open阶段一直被使用

　　一个控制文件只能属于一个数据库

　　控制文件的任意修改将写入到初始化参数中指定的所有控制文件中，读取时则仅读取第一个控制文件

　　控制文件中包含的内容：

  1. 　　　　数据库的名字、ID、创建的时间戳
  2. 表空间的名字
  3. 联机日志文件、数据文件的位置、个数、名字
  4. 联机日志的Sequence号码
  5. 检查点的信息
  6. 撤销段的开始或结束
  7. 归档信息
  8. 备份信息

二、查看控制文件的相关定义

1.使用相关视图来查看

　　V$CONTROLFILE                  　　　　　　 --列出实例中所有控制文件的名字及状态信息

V$PARAMETER                     　　　　　　--列出所有参数的位置及状态信息

V$CONTROLFILE_RECORD_SECTION    --列出控制文件中记录的部分信息

SHOW PARAMETER CONTROL_FILES    --列出控制文件的名字、状态、位置等

2.使用strings命令查看

strings $ORACLE_BASE/oradata/orcl/control01.ct

3.备份控制文件到可查看文件

SQL> alter database backup controlfile to trace as '/tmp/ctl.txt';

--或者使用

SQL> host strings /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/control01.ctl > /tmp/ctl.txt

cat  /tmp/ctl.txt

-- The following are current System-scope REDO Log Archival related

-- parameters and can be included in the database initialization file.

--

-- LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST=''

-- LOG_ARCHIVE_DUPLEX_DEST=''

--

-- LOG_ARCHIVE_FORMAT=%t_%s_%r.dbf

--

-- DB_UNIQUE_NAME="orcl"

--

-- LOG_ARCHIVE_CONFIG='SEND, RECEIVE, NODG_CONFIG'

-- LOG_ARCHIVE_MAX_PROCESSES=4

-- STANDBY_FILE_MANAGEMENT=MANUAL

-- STANDBY_ARCHIVE_DEST=?/dbs/arch

-- FAL_CLIENT=''

-- FAL_SERVER=''

--

-- LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_3='LOCATION=/u03/ARCHLOG/'

-- LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_3='OPTIONAL REOPEN=300 NODELAY'

-- LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_3='ARCH NOAFFIRM NOEXPEDITE NOVERIFY SYNC'

-- LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_3='REGISTER NOALTERNATE NODEPENDENCY'

-- LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_3='NOMAX_FAILURE NOQUOTA_SIZE NOQUOTA_USED NODB_UNIQUE_NAME'

-- LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_3='VALID_FOR=(PRIMARY_ROLE,ONLINE_LOGFILES)'

-- LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_STATE_3=ENABLE

--

-- LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_2='LOCATION=/u02/ARCHLOG/'

-- LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_2='OPTIONAL REOPEN=300 NODELAY'

-- LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_2='ARCH NOAFFIRM NOEXPEDITE NOVERIFY SYNC'

-- LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_2='REGISTER NOALTERNATE NODEPENDENCY'

-- LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_2='NOMAX_FAILURE NOQUOTA_SIZE NOQUOTA_USED NODB_UNIQUE_NAME'

-- LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_2='VALID_FOR=(PRIMARY_ROLE,ONLINE_LOGFILES)'

-- LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_STATE_2=ENABLE

--

-- LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_1='LOCATION=/u01/ARCHLOG/'

-- LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_1='MANDATORY REOPEN=300 NODELAY'

-- LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_1='ARCH NOAFFIRM NOEXPEDITE NOVERIFY SYNC'

-- LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_1='REGISTER NOALTERNATE NODEPENDENCY'

-- LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_1='NOMAX_FAILURE NOQUOTA_SIZE NOQUOTA_USED NODB_UNIQUE_NAME'

-- LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_1='VALID_FOR=(PRIMARY_ROLE,ONLINE_LOGFILES)'

-- LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_STATE_1=ENABLE

--

-- Below are two sets of SQL statements, each of which creates a new

-- control file and uses it to open the database. The first set opens

-- the database with the NORESETLOGS option and should be used only if

-- the current versions of all online logs are available. The second

-- set opens the database with the RESETLOGS option and should be used

-- if online logs are unavailable.

-- The appropriate set of statements can be copied from the trace into

-- a script file, edited as necessary, and executed when there is a

-- need to re-create the control file.

--

--     Set #1. NORESETLOGS case

--

-- The following commands will create a new control file and use it

-- to open the database.

-- Data used by Recovery Manager will be lost.

-- Additional logs may be required for media recovery of offline

-- Use this only if the current versions of all online logs are

-- available.

-- After mounting the created controlfile, the following SQL

-- statement will place the database in the appropriate

-- protection mode:

--  ALTER DATABASE SET STANDBY DATABASE TO MAXIMIZE PERFORMANCE

STARTUP NOMOUNT

CREATE CONTROLFILE REUSE DATABASE "ORCL" NORESETLOGS  ARCHIVELOG

    MAXLOGFILES 16

    MAXLOGMEMBERS 5

    MAXDATAFILES 100

    MAXINSTANCES 8

    MAXLOGHISTORY 292

LOGFILE

  GROUP 1 (

    '/u01/orcl/onlinelog/redo1a.log',

    '/u02/orcl/onlinelog/redo1b.log',

    '/u03/orcl/onlinelog/redo1c.log'

  ) SIZE 50M BLOCKSIZE 512,

  GROUP 2 (

    '/u01/orcl/onlinelog/redo2a.log',

    '/u02/orcl/onlinelog/redo2b.log',

    '/u03/orcl/onlinelog/redo2c.log'

  ) SIZE 50M BLOCKSIZE 512,

  GROUP 3 (

    '/u01/orcl/onlinelog/redo3a.log',

    '/u02/orcl/onlinelog/redo3b.log',

    '/u03/orcl/onlinelog/redo3c.log'

  ) SIZE 50M BLOCKSIZE 512,

  GROUP 4 (

    '/u01/orcl/onlinelog/redo4a.log',

    '/u02/orcl/onlinelog/redo4b.log',

    '/u03/orcl/onlinelog/redo4c.log'

  ) SIZE 50M BLOCKSIZE 512,

  GROUP 5 '/u01/app/oracle/flash_recovery_area/ORCL/onlinelog/o1_mf_5_d678b9q8_.log'  SIZE 100M BLOCKSIZE 512

-- STANDBY LOGFILE

DATAFILE

  '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/system01.dbf',

  '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/sysaux01.dbf',

  '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/undotbs01.dbf',

  '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/users01.dbf',

  '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/test.dbf',

  '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/bk02.dbf'

CHARACTER SET AL32UTF8

;

-- Configure RMAN configuration record 1

VARIABLE RECNO NUMBER;

EXECUTE :RECNO := SYS.DBMS_BACKUP_RESTORE.SETCONFIG('RETENTION POLICY','TO RECOVERY WINDOW OF 3 DAYS');

-- Configure RMAN configuration record 2

VARIABLE RECNO NUMBER;

EXECUTE :RECNO := SYS.DBMS_BACKUP_RESTORE.SETCONFIG('BACKUP OPTIMIZATION','ON');

-- Configure RMAN configuration record 3

VARIABLE RECNO NUMBER;

EXECUTE :RECNO := SYS.DBMS_BACKUP_RESTORE.SETCONFIG('CONTROLFILE AUTOBACKUP FORMAT FOR DEVICE TYPE','DISK TO ''/u02/database/orcl/backup/rman/20161228/orcl_lev0_201612280036_%F''');

-- Configure RMAN configuration record 4

VARIABLE RECNO NUMBER;

EXECUTE :RECNO := SYS.DBMS_BACKUP_RESTORE.SETCONFIG('CONTROLFILE AUTOBACKUP','ON');

-- Commands to re-create incarnation table

-- Below log names MUST be changed to existing filenames on

-- disk. Any one log file from each branch can be used to

-- re-create incarnation records.

-- ALTER DATABASE REGISTER LOGFILE '/u03/ARCHLOG/1_1_930793088.dbf';

-- ALTER DATABASE REGISTER LOGFILE '/u03/ARCHLOG/1_1_931117309.dbf';

-- ALTER DATABASE REGISTER LOGFILE '/u03/ARCHLOG/1_1_931133551.dbf';

-- ALTER DATABASE REGISTER LOGFILE '/u03/ARCHLOG/1_1_931634970.dbf';

-- Recovery is required if any of the datafiles are restored backups,

-- or if the last shutdown was not normal or immediate.

RECOVER DATABASE

-- All logs need archiving and a log switch is needed.

ALTER SYSTEM ARCHIVE LOG ALL;

-- Database can now be opened normally.

ALTER DATABASE OPEN;

-- Commands to add tempfiles to temporary tablespaces.

-- Online tempfiles have complete space information.

-- Other tempfiles may require adjustment.

ALTER TABLESPACE TEMP ADD TEMPFILE '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/temp01.dbf'

     SIZE 31457280  REUSE AUTOEXTEND ON NEXT 8192  MAXSIZE 32767M;

-- End of tempfile additions.

--

--     Set #2. RESETLOGS case

--

-- The following commands will create a new control file and use it

-- to open the database.

-- Data used by Recovery Manager will be lost.

-- The contents of online logs will be lost and all backups will

-- be invalidated. Use this only if online logs are damaged.

-- After mounting the created controlfile, the following SQL

-- statement will place the database in the appropriate

-- protection mode:

--  ALTER DATABASE SET STANDBY DATABASE TO MAXIMIZE PERFORMANCE

STARTUP NOMOUNT

CREATE CONTROLFILE REUSE DATABASE "ORCL" RESETLOGS  ARCHIVELOG

    MAXLOGFILES 16

    MAXLOGMEMBERS 5

    MAXDATAFILES 100

    MAXINSTANCES 8

    MAXLOGHISTORY 292

LOGFILE

  GROUP 1 (

    '/u01/orcl/onlinelog/redo1a.log',

    '/u02/orcl/onlinelog/redo1b.log',

    '/u03/orcl/onlinelog/redo1c.log'

  ) SIZE 50M BLOCKSIZE 512,

  GROUP 2 (

    '/u01/orcl/onlinelog/redo2a.log',

    '/u02/orcl/onlinelog/redo2b.log',

    '/u03/orcl/onlinelog/redo2c.log'

  ) SIZE 50M BLOCKSIZE 512,

  GROUP 3 (

    '/u01/orcl/onlinelog/redo3a.log',

    '/u02/orcl/onlinelog/redo3b.log',

    '/u03/orcl/onlinelog/redo3c.log'

  ) SIZE 50M BLOCKSIZE 512,

  GROUP 4 (

    '/u01/orcl/onlinelog/redo4a.log',

    '/u02/orcl/onlinelog/redo4b.log',

    '/u03/orcl/onlinelog/redo4c.log'

  ) SIZE 50M BLOCKSIZE 512,

  GROUP 5 '/u01/app/oracle/flash_recovery_area/ORCL/onlinelog/o1_mf_5_d678b9q8_.log'  SIZE 100M BLOCKSIZE 512

-- STANDBY LOGFILE

DATAFILE

  '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/system01.dbf',

  '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/sysaux01.dbf',

  '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/undotbs01.dbf',

  '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/users01.dbf',

  '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/test.dbf',

  '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/bk02.dbf'

CHARACTER SET AL32UTF8

;

-- Configure RMAN configuration record 1

VARIABLE RECNO NUMBER;

EXECUTE :RECNO := SYS.DBMS_BACKUP_RESTORE.SETCONFIG('RETENTION POLICY','TO RECOVERY WINDOW OF 3 DAYS');

-- Configure RMAN configuration record 2

VARIABLE RECNO NUMBER;

EXECUTE :RECNO := SYS.DBMS_BACKUP_RESTORE.SETCONFIG('BACKUP OPTIMIZATION','ON');

-- Configure RMAN configuration record 3

VARIABLE RECNO NUMBER;

EXECUTE :RECNO := SYS.DBMS_BACKUP_RESTORE.SETCONFIG('CONTROLFILE AUTOBACKUP FORMAT FOR DEVICE TYPE','DISK TO ''/u02/database/orcl/backup/rman/20161228/orcl_lev0_201612280036_%F''');

-- Configure RMAN configuration record 4

VARIABLE RECNO NUMBER;

EXECUTE :RECNO := SYS.DBMS_BACKUP_RESTORE.SETCONFIG('CONTROLFILE AUTOBACKUP','ON');

-- Commands to re-create incarnation table

-- Below log names MUST be changed to existing filenames on

-- disk. Any one log file from each branch can be used to

-- re-create incarnation records.

-- ALTER DATABASE REGISTER LOGFILE '/u03/ARCHLOG/1_1_930793088.dbf';

-- ALTER DATABASE REGISTER LOGFILE '/u03/ARCHLOG/1_1_931117309.dbf';

-- ALTER DATABASE REGISTER LOGFILE '/u03/ARCHLOG/1_1_931133551.dbf';

-- ALTER DATABASE REGISTER LOGFILE '/u03/ARCHLOG/1_1_931634970.dbf';

-- Recovery is required if any of the datafiles are restored backups,

-- or if the last shutdown was not normal or immediate.

RECOVER DATABASE USING BACKUP CONTROLFILE

-- Database can now be opened zeroing the online logs.

ALTER DATABASE OPEN RESETLOGS;

-- Commands to add tempfiles to temporary tablespaces.

-- Online tempfiles have complete space information.

-- Other tempfiles may require adjustment.

ALTER TABLESPACE TEMP ADD TEMPFILE '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/temp01.dbf'

     SIZE 31457280  REUSE AUTOEXTEND ON NEXT 8192  MAXSIZE 32767M;

-- End of tempfile additions.

--

三、控制文件的管理

1.控制文件的移动实例

目的：将闪回区的控制文件移到指定位置

--查看控制文件的配置

SQL> select * from v$controlfile;

STATUS    NAME                   IS_ BLOCK_SIZE FILE_SIZE_BLKS

------- ------------------------------ --- ---------- --------------

    /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/c NO    16384         618

    ontrol01.ctl

    /u01/app/oracle/flash_recovery NO    16384         618

    _area/control02.ctl

--修改控制文件的位置

SQL> alter system set control_files=

  2  '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/control01.ctl',

  3  '/u02/control02.ctl'

  4  scope=spfile;

系统已更改。

--关闭数据库

SQL> shutdown immediate

--拷贝物理文件到指定位置

SQL> host cp /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/control01.ctl /u02/control02.ctl

--启动数据库，验证

SQL> startup

SQL> select * from v$controlfile;

STATUS    NAME                   IS_ BLOCK_SIZE FILE_SIZE_BLKS

------- ------------------------------ --- ---------- --------------

    /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/c NO    16384         618

    ontrol01.ctl

    /u02/control02.ctl           NO    16384           618

--删除以前的控制文件

SQL> host rm /u01/app/oracle/flash_recovery_area/control02.ctl

如果启动的时候出现版本不一致，使用高版本覆盖低版本

2.备份控制文件

--用于归档模式下的恢复，直接覆盖到控制文件

SQL> alter database backup controlfile to '/u01/app/oracle/control.bak';

--用于重建控制文件

SQL> alter database backup controlfile to trace as '/u01/app/oracle/recreate_controlfile.txt';

--使用RMAN备份

 RMAN> backup current controlfile;

3. 控制文件的恢复管理

控制文件版本不一致的问题

用较新版本的控制文件覆盖旧版本的控制文件

直接修改参数control_file

丢失问题

归档模式下

当归档日志全的时候,先做全备,然后使用备份的控制文件恢复即可

当归档日志不全的时候,先做全备,然后建立新的控制文件即可

非归档模式下

先做全备,然后建立新的控制文件即可

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