(一)简述
在现实的应用环境中,往往根据业务请求的不同将相关的请求指定到不同的后端服务器中,例如客户是静态资源的请求,haproxy就将请求转发给静态服务器,如果是动态的请求就转发给静态服务器,haproxy实现动静分离是通过acl匹配规则来实现这一目的。
服务器名称 |
IP | 说明 |
HAProxy | 192.168.180.23 | web服务器 |
Static Server | 192.168.180.4 | 静态资源服务器(nginx代理) |
PHP Server |
192.168.180.9 | php服务器(nginx代理) |
JSP Server | 192.168.180.2 | jsp服务器 |
(二)具体的步骤:
(1)在192.168.180.4上配置static服务器
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[[email protected] conf] # vim /data/index.html
<h1>192.168.180.4---static< /h1 >
[[email protected] conf] # vim /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
worker_processes 1; user appuser appuser; error_log /data/nginx/error .log;
events { worker_connections 1024;
} http { include mime.types;
default_type application /octet-stream ;
log_format main '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
'$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
'"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"' ;
sendfile on;
access_log /data/nginx/access .log;
keepalive_timeout 65;
gzip on;
server_tokens off;
server {
listen 80;
server_name 192.168.180.4;
access_log /data/nginx/nginx .access.log;
index index.php index.html index.htm;
# root /data/www/;
root /data/ ;
}
}
[[email protected] conf] # /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -s reload
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保存后直接加载nginx ,在浏览器上查看该页面
(2)在192.168.180.9安装配置php服务器。
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[[email protected] www] # vim /www/html/www/index.php
<h1>this is 192.168.180.9---dynamic for php page< /h1 >
<?php phpinfo();
?> [[email protected] www] # cat /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
worker_processes 1; #error_log logs/error.log info; #pid logs/nginx.pid; events { worker_connections 1024;
} http { include mime.types;
default_type application /octet-stream ;
log_format main '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
'$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
'"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"' ;
access_log logs /access .log main;
sendfile on;
tcp_nopush on;
keepalive_timeout 65;
gzip on;
server {
listen 80;
location ~ .php$ {
root /www/html/www ;
fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;
fastcgi_index index.php;
fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $document_root$fastcgi_script_name;
include fastcgi_params;
}
}
}
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重新加载nginx ,在浏览器中查看如下界面:
(3)在192.168.180.2服务器中安装配置jsp测试界面
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[[email protected] m] # vim 1.jsp
this is test jsp page
[[email protected] conf] # /usr/local/tomcat/bin/startup.sh
Using CATALINA_BASE: /usr/local/tomcat
Using CATALINA_HOME: /usr/local/tomcat
Using CATALINA_TMPDIR: /usr/local/tomcat/temp
Using JRE_HOME: /usr/java/jdk1 .7.0_79
Using CLASSPATH: /usr/local/tomcat/bin/bootstrap .jar: /usr/local/tomcat/bin/tomcat-juli .jar
Tomcat started. |
查看测试界面
(4)接下来是最重要的配置haproxy服务器
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[[email protected] haproxy] # vim /etc/haproxy/haproxy.cfg
#--------------------------------------------------------------------- # Global settings #--------------------------------------------------------------------- global log 127.0.0.1 local2 info ###[err warning info debug]
chroot /usr/local/haproxy
pidfile /var/run/haproxy .pid ###haproxy的pid存放路径,启动进程的用户必须有权限访问此文件
maxconn 4000 ###最大连接数,默认4000
user haproxy
group haproxy
daemon ###创建1个进程进入deamon模式运行。此参数要求将运行模式设置为"daemon"
#--------------------------------------------------------------------- # common defaults that all the 'listen' and 'backend' sections will # use if not designated in their block #--------------------------------------------------------------------- defaults mode http ###默认的模式mode { tcp|http|health },tcp是4层,http是7层,health只会返回OK
log global ###采用全局定义的日志
option dontlognull ###不记录健康检查的日志信息
option httpclose ###每次请求完毕后主动关闭http通道
option httplog ###日志类别http日志格式
option forwardfor ###如果后端服务器需要获得客户端真实ip需要配置的参数,可以从Http Header中获得客户端ip
option redispatch ###serverId对应的服务器挂掉后,强制定向到其他健康的服务器
timeout connect 10000 #default 10 second timeout if a backend is not found
timeout client 300000 ###客户端连接超时
timeout server 300000 ###服务器连接超时
maxconn 60000 ###最大连接数
retries 3 ###3次连接失败就认为服务不可用,也可以通过后面设置
#################################################################### listen stats bind 0.0.0.0:1080 #监听端口
stats refresh 30s #统计页面自动刷新时间
stats uri /stats #统计页面url
stats realm Haproxy Manager #统计页面密码框上提示文本
stats auth admin:admin #统计页面用户名和密码设置
stats hide-version #隐藏统计页面上HAProxy的版本信息
stats enable ###启用管理界面
stats admin if TRUE ##如果登录成功就可以管理在线服务器
#--------------------------------------------------------------------- # main frontend which proxys to the backends #--------------------------------------------------------------------- frontend main #frontend www # *表示haproxy监听所有地址,监听的端口为80 bind 0.0.0.0:80
# bind *:8080 #######定义访问控制,表示url以.css .js .html .php结尾的分别调度到哪台服务器*问 # acl url_static path_beg -i /static /images /javascript /stylesheets acl url_static path_end -i .jpg .gif .png .css .js .html
acl url_dynamic_php path_end -i .php
acl url_dynamic_jsp path_end -i .jsp
#######usr_backend表示使用backend服务,if表示如果满足url_static这个条件就调度到这台服务器上 use_backend static if url_static ###满足策略要求,则响应策略定义的backend静态页面
use_backend dynamic_php if url_dynamic_php ###满足策略要求,则响应策略定义的backend静态页面
se_backend dynamic_jsp if url_dynamic_jsp ###满足策略要求,则响应策略定义的backend静态页面
# default_backend dynamic ###不满足则响应backend的默认动态页面 # default_backend dynamic ###不满足则响应backend的默认动态页面 #--------------------------------------------------------------------- # static backend for serving up images, stylesheets and such #--------------------------------------------------------------------- backend static ###定义后端静态请求响应
balance roundrobin ###负载均衡模式轮询
server static 192.168.180.4:80 check ###后端服务器定义
#server static 192.168.180.9:80 check ###后端服务器定义 backend dynamic_php #####定义后端动态请求响应
balance roundrobin
server phpsrv1 192.168.180.9:80 check maxconn 2000
# server websrv1 dd192.168.180.9:80 check maxconn 2000 #server websrv2 192.168.180.4:80 check maxconn 2000 # server websrv2 192.168.180.2:443 check maxconn 2000 backend dynamic_jsp #####定义后端动态请求响应
balance roundrobin
server jspsrv1 192.168.180.2:8081 check maxconn 2000
#--------------------------------------------------------------------- # round robin balancing between the various backends #--------------------------------------------------------------------- errorfile 403 /etc/haproxy/errorfiles/403 .http
errorfile 500 /etc/haproxy/errorfiles/500 .http
errorfile 502 /etc/haproxy/errorfiles/502 .http
errorfile 503 /etc/haproxy/errorfiles/503 .http
[[email protected] haproxy] # systemctl restart haproxy.service
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(三)测试
(1)测试static页面并查看haproxy的访问日志;
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[[email protected] ~] # tail -f /var/log/haproxy.log
Jul 20 18:07:22 localhost haproxy[6436]: 192.168.181.231:53672 [20 /Jul/2017 :18:07:22.371] main static /static 0 /0/0/1/1 304 167 - - ---- 0 /0/0/0/0 0 /0 "GET /index.html HTTP/1.1"
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(2)访问php页面
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[[email protected] ~] # tail -f /var/log/haproxy.log
Jul 20 18:08:36 localhost haproxy[6436]: 192.168.181.231:53834 [20 /Jul/2017 :18:08:36.261] main dynamic_php /phpsrv1 0 /0/1/0/2 200 2332 - - ---- 0 /0/0/0/0 0 /0 "GET /index.php?=PHPE9568F35-D428-11d2-A769-00AA001ACF42 HTTP/1.1"
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(3)访问jsp页面
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[[email protected] ~] # tail -f /var/log/haproxy.log
Jul 20 18:09:58 localhost haproxy[6436]: 192.168.181.231:54015 [20 /Jul/2017 :18:09:57.999] main dynamic_jsp /jspsrv1 0 /0/1/2/3 200 188 - - ---- 0 /0/0/0/0 0 /0 "GET /1.jsp HTTP/1.1"
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(4)查看haproxy监控页面
总之:haproxy可以利用acl规则匹配url做相应的请求跳转,比如动静分离,域名跳转等等应用需求,haproxy是一款性能很强大的四层以及七层代理server。HAProxy运行在 当前的硬件上,完全可以支持数以万计的并发连接。并且它的运行模式使得它可以很简单安全的整合进您当前的架构中,同时可以保护你的web服务器不被暴露到 网络上。
本文转自 lqbyz 51CTO博客,原文链接:http://blog.51cto.com/liqingbiao/1949489