windows平台进程CPU占用率的计算

时间:2024-03-22 09:03:32

在进程的性能数据采集过程中,经常用到的一个性能指标就是进程的cpu占用率,下面给出它的计算方法及示例代码。

1、进程CPU占用率的定义

进程CPU占用率:指进程在一个时间段内消耗的CPU时间与该时间段长度的比值。

 

2、进程CPU占用率计算方法

根据上述定义,可以得到进程CPU占用率计算公式如下:

进程消耗的CPU时间 = 进程消耗的内核态时间 + 进程消耗的用户态时间,即 costTime = kernelTime + UserTime

进程的CPU占用率 = 进程消耗的CPU时间 / 刷新周期 / CPU核数

计算线程的CPU占用率,要不要考虑CPU核数呢?在Process Explorer中的目标进程的属性页面,在Threads标签页下能看到目标进程中所有线程的CPU占用情况,如下图所示:

windows平台进程CPU占用率的计算

 

3、CPU占用率计算涉及到的API

示例程序用到的主要API

GetSystemInfo    我们主要用它来获取系统中CPU核心个数

OpenProcess      用来打开指定进程的句柄

GetProcessTimes    根据OpenProcess返回的句柄,获取进程的KernelTime和UserTime(可用于进程的CPU占用率计算)

其它API(用于线程等其它情况下的计算)

OpenThread     获取指定线程的句柄

GetThreadTimes    根据OpenThread返回的句柄,获取线程的KernelTime和UserTime (可用于线程的CPU占用率计算)

GetSystemTimes    获取总的CPU时间IdleTime、KernelTime和UserTime,可用于系统总的CPU占用率计算(注:多核CPU中返回的是所有CPU核时间的总和)

NtQuerySystemInformation  这是个native api,可以获取到许多信息

4、示例代码

#include "stdafx.h"
#include <conio.h>
#include <windows.h>
#include <TlHelp32.h>
#include <process.h>

#define MY_PROCESS_ERROR(Condition) do{ if (!(Condition))  goto Exit0; } while (false)

static DWORD g_sdwTickCountOld = 0;                // 上一次的tick计数
static LARGE_INTEGER g_slgProcessTimeOld;        // 保存进程上一次的时间占用
static DWORD g_sdwProcessorCoreNum = 0;            // 处理器核心数
static HANDLE g_shExitEvent = NULL;                // 线程退出控制

typedef struct _TARGET_PROCESS
{
    DWORD        dwProcessId;                    // 进程ID
}TARGET_PROCESS, *PTARGET_PROCESS;



/*@brief 获取找到的与指定进程名相符的第一个进程ID
* @param [in]        cpszExeFileName        进程可执行文件名(不带路径)
* @param [in/out]    dwPID                返回找到的名字符合的第一个进程ID
* @return 成功 : S_OK    失败 : 错误码
*/
HRESULT FindFirstProcessIdByName(const TCHAR* cpszExeFileName, DWORD &dwPID)
{
    HRESULT hr = E_FAIL;

    PROCESSENTRY32 pe = { 0 };
    HANDLE hSnapshot = NULL;

    if (NULL == cpszExeFileName)
    {
        hr = HRESULT_FROM_WIN32(ERROR_BAD_ARGUMENTS);
        goto Exit0;
    }

    pe.dwSize = sizeof(PROCESSENTRY32);
    hSnapshot = CreateToolhelp32Snapshot(TH32CS_SNAPPROCESS, 0);
    if (INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE == hSnapshot)
    {
        hr = HRESULT_FROM_WIN32(GetLastError());
        goto Exit0;
    }  

    if (FALSE == Process32First(hSnapshot, &pe))
    {
        hr = HRESULT_FROM_WIN32(ERROR_NO_MORE_FILES);
        goto Exit0;
    }

    hr = S_FALSE;
    do
    {
        if (0 == _tcsicmp(cpszExeFileName, pe.szExeFile))
        {
            dwPID = pe.th32ProcessID;
            hr = S_OK;
            break;
        }
    }while(Process32Next(hSnapshot, &pe));

Exit0:
    if(hSnapshot)
    {
        CloseHandle(hSnapshot);
        hSnapshot = NULL;
    }

    return hr;
}

/*@brief 获取进程的Cpu占用率
* @param [in]    hProcess            进程句柄
* @param [in]    dwElepsedTime        取样间隔时间(毫秒)
* @return 成功 : cpu占用率    失败 : -1
*/
int GetProcessCpuPercent(const HANDLE hProcess, const DWORD dwElepsedTime)
{
    int nProcCpuPercent = 0;
    BOOL bRetCode = FALSE;

    FILETIME CreateTime, ExitTime, KernelTime,UserTime;
    LARGE_INTEGER lgKernelTime;
    LARGE_INTEGER lgUserTime;
    LARGE_INTEGER lgCurTime;

    bRetCode = GetProcessTimes(hProcess, &CreateTime, &ExitTime, &KernelTime, &UserTime);
    if (bRetCode)
    {
        lgKernelTime.HighPart = KernelTime.dwHighDateTime;
        lgKernelTime.LowPart = KernelTime.dwLowDateTime;

        lgUserTime.HighPart = UserTime.dwHighDateTime;
        lgUserTime.LowPart = UserTime.dwLowDateTime;

        lgCurTime.QuadPart = (lgKernelTime.QuadPart + lgUserTime.QuadPart) / 10000;
        nProcCpuPercent = (int)((lgCurTime.QuadPart - g_slgProcessTimeOld.QuadPart) * 100 / dwElepsedTime);
        g_slgProcessTimeOld = lgCurTime;
        nProcCpuPercent = nProcCpuPercent / g_sdwProcessorCoreNum;
    }
    else
    {
        nProcCpuPercent = -1;
    }

    return nProcCpuPercent;
}

unsigned __stdcall WorkerThread(void *pArg)
{
    HRESULT hr = E_FAIL;

    HANDLE hProcess = NULL;
    DWORD dwProcessId = 0;
    DWORD dwRetVal = 0;
    DWORD dwCurrentTickCount = 0;
    DWORD dwElapsedTime = 0;
    int nProcessCpuPercent = 0;
    
    TARGET_PROCESS *pTargetProcess = (TARGET_PROCESS *)pArg;

    dwProcessId = pTargetProcess->dwProcessId;
    hProcess = OpenProcess(PROCESS_QUERY_INFORMATION , FALSE, dwProcessId);
    MY_PROCESS_ERROR(hProcess);

    do 
    {
        dwRetVal = WaitForSingleObject(g_shExitEvent, 1000);
        if (WAIT_OBJECT_0 == dwRetVal ||
            WAIT_FAILED == dwRetVal
            )
        {
            break;
        }

        dwCurrentTickCount = GetTickCount();
        dwElapsedTime = dwCurrentTickCount - g_sdwTickCountOld;
        g_sdwTickCountOld = dwCurrentTickCount;
        nProcessCpuPercent = GetProcessCpuPercent(hProcess, dwElapsedTime);
        wprintf(L"cpu = %d\n", nProcessCpuPercent);
    } while (1);    
Exit0:
    if (hProcess)
    {
        CloseHandle(hProcess);
        hProcess = NULL;
    }
    
    return 0;
}

int _tmain(int argc, _TCHAR* argv[])
{
    HRESULT hr = E_FAIL;
    
    HANDLE hThread = NULL;
    unsigned int uiTid = 0;
    SYSTEM_INFO sysInfo = { 0 };
    TARGET_PROCESS struTargetProcess;

    if (argc > 1)
    {
        hr = FindFirstProcessIdByName(argv[1], struTargetProcess.dwProcessId);
        if (S_OK != hr)
        {
            _tprintf(_T("Can't find process \'%s\' ret=0x%X\n"), argv[1], hr);
            goto Exit0;
        }

        GetSystemInfo(&sysInfo);
        g_sdwProcessorCoreNum = sysInfo.dwNumberOfProcessors;

        g_shExitEvent = CreateEvent(NULL, TRUE, FALSE, NULL);
        MY_PROCESS_ERROR(g_shExitEvent);

        hThread = (HANDLE)_beginthreadex(NULL, 0, WorkerThread, &struTargetProcess, 0, &uiTid);
        MY_PROCESS_ERROR(hThread);

        _getch();
        SetEvent(g_shExitEvent);
        WaitForSingleObject(hThread, INFINITE);
    }
    else
    {
        _tprintf(_T("Please input a process name.\n"));
    }

Exit0:
    if (hThread)
    {
        CloseHandle(hThread);
        hThread = NULL;
    }

    if (g_shExitEvent)
    {
        CloseHandle(g_shExitEvent);
        g_shExitEvent = NULL;
    }

    return 0;
}