SpringMVC实用技术

时间:2024-03-11 15:34:53

1.校验框架

1.表单校验框架入门

表单校验的重要性

数据可以随意输入,导致错误的结果。表单校验保障了数据有效性、安全性

表单校验分类

校验位置:

客户端校验

服务端校验

校验内容与对应方式:

格式校验

        客户端:使用Js技术,利用正则表达式校验

        服务端:使用校验框架

逻辑校验

        客户端:使用ajax发送要校验的数据,在服务端完成逻辑校验,返回校验结果

        服务端:接收到完整的请求后,在执行业务操作前,完成逻辑校验

表单校验规则

长度:例如用户名长度,评论字符数量

非法字符:例如用户名组成

数据格式:例如Email格式、 IP地址格式

边界值:例如转账金额上限,年龄上下限

重复性:例如用户名是否重复

表单校验框架

JSR(Java Specification Requests):Java 规范提案

303:提供bean属性相关校验规则

JCP(Java Community Process):Java社区

Hibernate框架中包含一套独立的校验框架hibernate-validator

导入坐标

 <!--导入校验的jar303规范-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>javax.validation</groupId>
            <artifactId>validation-api</artifactId>
            <version>2.0.1.Final</version>
        </dependency>
        <!--导入校验框架实现技术-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.hibernate</groupId>
            <artifactId>hibernate-validator</artifactId>
            <version>6.1.0.Final</version>
        </dependency>

注意:
tomcat7 :搭配hibernate-validator版本5...Final
tomcat8.5↑ :搭配hibernate-validator版本6...Final

1.开启校验

名称:@Valid 、 @Validated

类型:形参注解

位置:处理器类中的实体类类型的方法形参前方

作用:设定对当前实体类类型参数进行校验

@RequestMapping(value = "/addemployee")
public String addEmployee(@Valid Employee employee) {
    System.out.println(employee);
}

2.设置校验规则

名称:@NotNull

类型:属性注解 等

位置:实体类属性上方

作用:设定当前属性校验规则

每个校验规则所携带的参数不同,根据校验规则进行相应的调整
具体的校验规则查看对应的校验框架进行获取

public class Employee{
    @NotNull(message = "姓名不能为空")
    private String name;//员工姓名
}  

3.获取错误信息

@RequestMapping(value = "/addemployee")
public String addEmployee(@Valid Employee employee, Errors errors, Model model){
    System.out.println(employee);
    if(errors.hasErrors()){
        for(FieldError error : errors.getFieldErrors()){
            model.addAttribute(error.getField(),error.getDefaultMessage());
        }
        return "addemployee.jsp";
    }
    return "success.jsp";
}  

通过形参Errors获取校验结果数据,通过Model接口将数据封装后传递到页面显示

<form action="/addemployee" method="post">
    员工姓名:<input type="text" name="name"><span style="color:red">${name}</span><br/>
    员工年龄:<input type="text" name="age"><br/>
    <input type="submit" value="提交">
</form>

通过形参Errors获取校验结果数据,通过Model接口将数据封装后传递到页面显示
页面获取后台封装的校验结果信息

完整代码

pom.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

    <groupId>com</groupId>
    <artifactId>MVCvalidator</artifactId>
    <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>

    <packaging>war</packaging>

    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>junit</groupId>
            <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
            <version>4.13.2</version>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-test</artifactId>
            <version>5.1.19.RELEASE</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
            <version>5.1.9.RELEASE</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-jdbc</artifactId>
            <version>5.3.22</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
            <artifactId>druid</artifactId>
            <version>1.2.16</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.mybatis</groupId>
            <artifactId>mybatis</artifactId>
            <version>3.5.13</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>mysql</groupId>
            <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
            <version>8.0.33</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.mybatis</groupId>
            <artifactId>mybatis-spring</artifactId>
            <version>2.0.7</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.aspectj</groupId>
            <artifactId>aspectjweaver</artifactId>
            <version>1.9.4</version>
        </dependency>
        <!--servlet3.1规范的坐标-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
            <artifactId>javax.servlet-api</artifactId>
            <version>3.1.0</version>
            <scope>provided</scope>
        </dependency>
        <!--jsp坐标-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>javax.servlet.jsp</groupId>
            <artifactId>jsp-api</artifactId>
            <version>2.1</version>
            <scope>provided</scope>
        </dependency>
        <!--spring web坐标-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-web</artifactId>
            <version>5.1.9.RELEASE</version>
        </dependency>
        <!--springmvc坐标-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
            <version>5.1.9.RELEASE</version>
        </dependency>

        <!--json相关坐标3个-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.core</groupId>
            <artifactId>jackson-core</artifactId>
            <version>2.9.0</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.core</groupId>
            <artifactId>jackson-databind</artifactId>
            <version>2.9.0</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.core</groupId>
            <artifactId>jackson-annotations</artifactId>
            <version>2.9.0</version>
        </dependency>
        <!--导入校验的jar303规范-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>javax.validation</groupId>
            <artifactId>validation-api</artifactId>
            <version>2.0.1.Final</version>
        </dependency>
        <!--导入校验框架实现技术-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.hibernate</groupId>
            <artifactId>hibernate-validator</artifactId>
            <version>6.1.0.Final</version>
        </dependency>

    </dependencies>

    <properties>
        <maven.compiler.source>8</maven.compiler.source>
        <maven.compiler.target>8</maven.compiler.target>
        <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
    </properties>

    <!--构建-->
   <!-- <build>
        &lt;!&ndash;设置插件&ndash;&gt;
        <plugins>
            &lt;!&ndash;具体的插件配置&ndash;&gt;
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.apache.tomcat.maven</groupId>
                <artifactId>tomcat7-maven-plugin</artifactId>
                <version>2.2</version>
                <configuration>
                    <port>80</port>
                    <path>/</path>
                </configuration>
            </plugin>
        </plugins>
    </build>-->


</project>

web.xml

 <filter>
        <filter-name>CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-name>
        <filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-class>
        <init-param>
            <param-name>encoding</param-name>
            <param-value>UTF-8</param-value>
        </init-param>
    </filter>
    <filter-mapping>
        <filter-name>CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-name>
        <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
    </filter-mapping>

    <servlet>
        <servlet-name>DispatcherServlet</servlet-name>
        <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
        <init-param>
            <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
            <param-value>classpath*:spring-mvc.xml</param-value>
        </init-param>
    </servlet>
    <servlet-mapping>
        <servlet-name>DispatcherServlet</servlet-name>
        <url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
    </servlet-mapping>

success.jsp

<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<h1>数据添加成功</h1>

addemployee.xml

<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<html>
<head>
    <title>添加员工-用于演示表单验证</title>
</head>
<body>
    <form action="/addemployee" method="post">
        员工姓名:<input type="text" name="name"><span style="color: red">${name}</span><br>
        员工年龄:<input type="text" name="age"><br>
        <input type="submit" name="提交">
    </form>
</body>
</html>
package com.controller;

import com.domain.Employee;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.ui.Model;
import org.springframework.validation.Errors;
import org.springframework.validation.FieldError;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;

import javax.validation.Valid;
import java.util.List;

@Controller
public class EmployeeController {
    @RequestMapping(value = "/addemployee")
    public String addEmployee(@Valid Employee employee, Errors errors, Model m){
        if(errors.hasErrors()){
            List<FieldError> fieldErrors = errors.getFieldErrors();
            for(FieldError error:fieldErrors){
//                System.out.println(error.getField());
//                System.out.println(error.getDefaultMessage());
                m.addAttribute(error.getField(),error.getDefaultMessage());
            }
            return "addemployee.jsp";
        }
        return "success.jsp";
    }
}
package com.domain;

import javax.validation.constraints.NotBlank;

public class Employee {
    @NotBlank(message = "姓名不能为空")
    private String name; //员工姓名
    private Integer age; //员工年龄

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    public Integer getAge() {
        return age;
    }

    public void setAge(Integer age) {
        this.age = age;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "Employee{" +
                "name='" + name + '\'' +
                ", age=" + age +
                '}';
    }
}

2.多规则校验

同一个属性可以添加多个校验器

@NotNull(message = "请输入您的年龄")
@Max(value = 60,message = "年龄最大值不允许超过60岁")
@Min(value = 18,message = "年龄最小值不允许低于18岁")
private Integer age;//员工年龄

3种判定空校验器(NotNull)的区别 

表单数据 @NotNull @NotEmpty @NotBlank
String s = null; false false false
String s = “”; true false false
String s = " "; true true false
String s = “test”; true true true

3.嵌套校验

名称:@Valid

类型:属性注解

位置:实体类中的引用类型属性上方

作用:设定当前应用类型属性中的属性开启校验

public class Employee {
    //实体类中的引用类型通过标注@Valid注解,设定开启当前引用类型字段中的属性参与校验
    @Valid
    private Address address;
}

注意:开启嵌套校验后,被校验对象内部需要添加对应的校验规则 

4.分组校验

同一个模块,根据执行的业务不同,需要校验的属性会有不同

        新增用户

        修改用户

对不同种类的属性进行分组,在校验时可以指定参与校验的字段所属的组类别

        定义组(通用)

        为属性设置所属组,可以设置多个

        开启组校验

public interface GroupOne {
}
 @RequestMapping(value = "/addemployee")
    public String addEmployee(@Validated({GroupA.class}) Employee employee, Errors errors, Model m){
        if(errors.hasErrors()){
            List<FieldError> fieldErrors = errors.getFieldErrors();
            System.out.println(fieldErrors.size());
            for(FieldError error:fieldErrors){
//                System.out.println(error.getField());
//                System.out.println(error.getDefaultMessage());
                m.addAttribute(error.getField(),error.getDefaultMessage());
            }
            return "addemployee.jsp";
        }
        return "success.jsp";
    }
@NotEmpty(message = "姓名不能为空",groups = {GroupOne.class})
private String name;//员工姓名

2.文件上传

1.文件上传下载 

上传文件过程分析

SpringMvc把这些步骤进行封装变为一个接口,就是MultipartResolver

MultipartResolver接口 

MultipartResolver接口定义了文件上传过程中的相关操作,并对通用性操作进行了封装

MultipartResolver接口底层实现类CommonsMultipartResovler

CommonsMultipartResovler并未自主实现文件上传下载对应的功能,而是调用了apache的文件上传下载组件

需导入坐标

<dependency>
    <groupId>commons-fileupload</groupId>
    <artifactId>commons-fileupload</artifactId>
    <version>1.4</version>
</dependency>

代码实现

package com.controller;

import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.multipart.MultipartFile;

import java.io.File;
import java.io.IOException;

@Controller
public class FileUploadController {
    @RequestMapping(value = "/fileupload")
    public String fileupload(MultipartFile file) throws IOException {
        System.out.println("file upload is running..."+file);
        file.transferTo(new File("zjl.png"));
        return "page.jsp";
    }
}
<context:component-scan base-package="com"/>

    <bean id="multipartResolver" class="org.springframework.web.multipart.commons.CommonsMultipartResolver">
        <property name="maxUploadSize" value="1024000000"/>
    </bean>
    <mvc:annotation-driven/>

fileupload.jsp

<form action="/fileupload" method="post" enctype="multipart/form-data">
    上传LOGO:<input type="file" name="file"/><br/>
    上传照片:<input type="file"/><br/>
    上传任意文件:<input type="file"/><br/>
    <input type="submit" value="上传"/>
</form>

2.文件上传注意事项

1.文件命名问题, 获取上传文件名,并解析文件名与扩展名

2.文件名过长问题

3.文件保存路径

4.重名问题

package com.controller;

import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.multipart.MultipartFile;

import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.IOException;

@Controller
public class FileUploadController {
    @RequestMapping(value = "/fileupload")
//参数中定义MultipartFile参数,用于接收页面提交的type=file类型的表单,要求表单名称与参数名相同
    public String fileupload(MultipartFile file,MultipartFile file1,MultipartFile file2, HttpServletRequest request) throws IOException {
        System.out.println("file upload is running ..."+file);
        //        MultipartFile参数中封装了上传的文件的相关信息
//                System.out.println(file.getSize());
//                System.out.println(file.getBytes().length);
//                System.out.println(file.getContentType());
//                System.out.println(file.getName());
//                System.out.println(file.getOriginalFilename());
//                System.out.println(file.isEmpty());
        //首先判断是否是空文件,也就是存储空间占用为0的文件
        if(!file.isEmpty()){
            //如果大小在范围要求内正常处理,否则抛出自定义异常告知用户(未实现)
            //获取原始上传的文件名,可以作为当前文件的真实名称保存到数据库中备用
            String fileName = file.getOriginalFilename();
            //设置保存的路径
            String realPath = request.getServletContext().getRealPath("/images");
            //保存文件的方法,指定保存的位置和文件名即可,通常文件名使用随机生成策略产生,避免文件名冲突问题
            file.transferTo(new File(realPath,file.getOriginalFilename()));
        }
        //测试一次性上传多个文件
        if(!file1.isEmpty()){
            String fileName = file1.getOriginalFilename();
            //可以根据需要,对不同种类的文件做不同的存储路径的区分,修改对应的保存位置即可
            String realPath = request.getServletContext().getRealPath("/images");
            file1.transferTo(new File(realPath,file1.getOriginalFilename()));
        }
        if(!file2.isEmpty()){
            String fileName = file2.getOriginalFilename();
            String realPath = request.getServletContext().getRealPath("/images");
            file2.transferTo(new File(realPath,file2.getOriginalFilename()));
        }
        return "page.jsp";
    }

}
<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<form action="/fileupload" method="post" enctype="multipart/form-data">
    上传LOGO:<input type="file" name="file"/><br/>
    上传照片:<input type="file1"/><br/>
    上传任意文件:<input type="file2"/><br/>
    <input type="submit" value="上传"/>
</form>

3.Restful

1.Restful开发入门

Rest( REpresentational State Transfer) 一种网络资源的访问风格,定义了网络资源的访问方式

传统风格访问路径

http://localhost/user/get?id=1

http://localhost/deleteUser?id=1

Rest风格访问路径

http://localhost/user/1

Restful是按照Rest风格访问网络资源

优点

隐藏资源的访问行为,通过地址无法得知做的是何种操作

书写简化

Rest行为约定方式

GET(查询) http://localhost/user/1 GET

POST(保存) http://localhost/user POST

PUT(更新) http://localhost/user PUT

DELETE(删除) http://localhost/user DELETE

注意:上述行为是约定方式,约定不是规范,可以打破,所以称Rest风格,而不是Rest规范

2.Restful风格配置 

package com.controller;

import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.*;

//设置rest风格的控制器
@RestController
//设置公共访问路径,配合下方访问路径使用
@RequestMapping("/user/")
public class UserController {
    //rest风格访问路径完整书写方式
    @RequestMapping("/user/{id}")
    //使用@PathVariable注解获取路径上配置的具名变量,该配置可以使用多次
    public String restLocation(@PathVariable Integer id){
        System.out.println("restful is running ....");
        return "success.jsp";
    }

    //rest风格访问路径简化书写方式,配合类注解@RequestMapping使用
    @RequestMapping("{id}")
    public String restLocation2(@PathVariable Integer id){
        System.out.println("restful is running ....get:"+id);
        return "success.jsp";
    }

    //接收GET请求配置方式
    @RequestMapping(value = "{id}",method = RequestMethod.GET)
    //接收GET请求简化配置方式
    @GetMapping("{id}")
    public String get(@PathVariable Integer id){
        System.out.println("restful is running ....get:"+id);
        return "success.jsp";
    }

    //接收POST请求配置方式
    @RequestMapping(value = "{id}",method = RequestMethod.POST)
    //接收POST请求简化配置方式
    @PostMapping("{id}")
    public String post(@PathVariable Integer id){
        System.out.println("restful is running ....post:"+id);
        return "success.jsp";
    }

    //接收PUT请求简化配置方式
    @RequestMapping(value = "{id}",method = RequestMethod.PUT)
    //接收PUT请求简化配置方式
    @PutMapping("{id}")
    public String put(@PathVariable Integer id){
        System.out.println("restful is running ....put:"+id);
        return "success.jsp";
    }

    //接收DELETE请求简化配置方式
    @RequestMapping(value = "{id}",method = RequestMethod.DELETE)
    //接收DELETE请求简化配置方式
    @DeleteMapping("{id}")
    public String delete(@PathVariable Integer id){
        System.out.println("restful is running ....delete:"+id);
        return "success.jsp";
    }
}

page.jsp

<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<h1>数据添加成功</h1>
<form action="/user/1" method="post">
    <input type="text" name="_method" value="PUT">
    <input type="submit"/>
</form>

开启SpringMVC对Restful风格的访问支持过滤器,即可通过页面表单提交PUT与DELETE请求

页面表单使用隐藏域提交请求类型,参数名称固定为_method,必须配合提交类型method=post使用

在web.xml中配置过滤器

<!--配置过滤器,解析请求中的参数_method,即可通过页面表单提交PUT请求与DELETE请求-->
<filter>
    <filter-name>HiddenHttpMethodFilter</filter-name>
    <filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.HiddenHttpMethodFilter</filter-class>
</filter>
<filter-mapping>
    <filter-name>HiddenHttpMethodFilter</filter-name>
    <servlet-name>DispatcherServlet</servlet-name>
</filter-mapping>

3.postman使用 

直接在官网下载,然后安装注册

postman 是一款可以发送Restful风格请求的工具,方便开发调试