WritableWorkbook 详细用例（转）

原文出处：http://lz881228.blog.163.com/blog/static/114197324201341755951817/

java 操作 Excel 最常用的就是JXL(java excel api)和POI，今先看下JXL吧。首先可以到http://www.andykhan.com/jexcelapi/download.html 下载最新的jxl.jar，里面有它的jar包和API，内有一个小例子，可以参考一下。

JXL 用起来挺简单的，不过相应的其功能也并不是十分强大，对于一般的简单的excel操作还可以，对于太复杂的还是有些吃力，基本的操作也就是以下几项内容。

首先，要创建一个可读写的工作簿（WritableWorkbook）：

1 WritableWorkbook workbook = Workbook.createWorkbook(new File("d:\\test.xls"));

如果是想要修改一个已存在的excel工作簿，则需要先获得它的原始工作簿，再创建一个可读写的副本：

1 Workbook wb = Workbook.getWorkbook(new File("src\\test\\test.xls")); // 获得原始文档
2 WritableWorkbook workbook = Workbook.createWorkbook(new File("d:\\test_modified.xls"),wb); // 创建一个可读写的副本

然后，取得我们要操作的sheet，并对其进行相应的操作，如改名、合并单元格、设置列宽、行高等:

1 WritableSheet sheet = workbook.getSheet(0);
2 sheet.setName("修改后"); // 给sheet页改名
3 workbook.removeSheet(2); // 移除多余的标签页
4 workbook.removeSheet(3);
5         
6 sheet.mergeCells(0, 0, 4, 0); // 合并单元格
7 sheet.setRowView(0, 600); // 设置行的高度
8 sheet.setColumnView(0, 30); // 设置列的宽度
9 sheet.setColumnView(1, 20); // 设置列的宽度

之后，就是对单元格的操作了，可以通过如下方法获取一个单元格，其中两个参数分别为列、行的位置，从0开始计数，如（2,3）就代表单元格C4：

1 WritableCell cell = sheet.getWritableCell(2,3);

通过WritableFont、WritableCellFormat等对象可以设置单元格的字体、样式等外观：

 1 WritableFont titleWf = new WritableFont(WritableFont.createFont("仿宋_GB2312"),// 字体
 2                              20,//WritableFont.DEFAULT_POINT_SIZE,   // 字号
 3                              WritableFont.NO_BOLD,                   // 粗体
 4                              false,                                   // 斜体
 5                              UnderlineStyle.NO_UNDERLINE,            // 下划线
 6                              Colour.BLUE2,                        // 字体颜色
 7                              ScriptStyle.NORMAL_SCRIPT);
 8 WritableCellFormat wcf = new WritableCellFormat(titleWf);
 9 wcf.setBackground(Colour.GRAY_25);// 设置单元格的背景颜色
10 wcf.setAlignment(Alignment.CENTRE); // 设置对齐方式
11 wcf.setBorder(Border.ALL, BorderLineStyle.THICK); // 添加边框
12 cell.setCellFormat(wcf);

在jxl中，有几种常用的数据类型，根据单元格内数据类型的不同，每个WritableCell可以根据其类型被转换为它的一个子类型，以便对不同类型的数据进行专门的处理，通常可以做这样的转换：

 1 WritableCell fromCell = sheet0.getWritableCell(j, i);
 2 
 3 if (fromCell instanceof jxl.write.Number) {
 4     jxl.write.Number num = (jxl.write.Number) fromCell;
 5 } else if (fromCell instanceof jxl.write.Boolean) {
 6     jxl.write.Boolean bool = (jxl.write.Boolean) fromCell;
 7 } else if (fromCell instanceof jxl.write.DateTime) {
 8     jxl.write.DateTime dt = (jxl.write.DateTime) fromCell;
 9 } else if(fromCell instanceof Label){
10     Label _label = (Label) fromCell;
11 }

当然，操作完成之后一定不要忘了刷新（或者叫写入？）和关掉工作簿：

1  workbook.write();
2  workbook.close();

下面是参考jxl api里那个例子写的，把我自己觉得常用的excel操作基本都包含了：

  1 package test;
  2 
  3 import java.io.File;
  4 import java.io.IOException;
  5 import java.net.MalformedURLException;
  6 import java.net.URL;
  7 import java.util.ArrayList;
  8 import java.util.Calendar;
  9 import java.util.Date;
 10 
 11 import jxl.CellType;
 12 import jxl.Workbook;
 13 import jxl.format.Alignment;
 14 import jxl.format.Border;
 15 import jxl.format.BorderLineStyle;
 16 import jxl.format.Colour;
 17 import jxl.format.ScriptStyle;
 18 import jxl.format.UnderlineStyle;
 19 import jxl.format.VerticalAlignment;
 20 import jxl.read.biff.BiffException;
 21 import jxl.write.Blank;
 22 import jxl.write.DateFormat;
 23 import jxl.write.DateFormats;
 24 import jxl.write.DateTime;
 25 import jxl.write.Formula;
 26 import jxl.write.Label;
 27 import jxl.write.Number;
 28 import jxl.write.NumberFormat;
 29 import jxl.write.WritableCell;
 30 import jxl.write.WritableCellFeatures;
 31 import jxl.write.WritableCellFormat;
 32 import jxl.write.WritableFont;
 33 import jxl.write.WritableHyperlink;
 34 import jxl.write.WritableImage;
 35 import jxl.write.WritableSheet;
 36 import jxl.write.WritableWorkbook;
 37 import jxl.write.WriteException;
 38 
 39 /**
 40  * 
 41  * @author why
 42  *
 43  */
 44 public class ExcelTest {
 45 
 46     /**
 47      * @param args
 48      * @throws IOException 
 49      * @throws BiffException 
 50      * @throws WriteException 
 51      */
 52     public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException, BiffException, WriteException {
 53         Workbook wb = Workbook.getWorkbook(new File("src\\test\\test.xls")); // 获得原始文档
 54         WritableWorkbook workbook = Workbook.createWorkbook(new File("d:\\test_modified.xls"),wb); // 创建一个可读写的副本
 55         
 56         
 57         /**
 58          * 定义与设置Sheet
 59          */
 60         WritableSheet sheet = workbook.getSheet(0);
 61         sheet.setName("修改后"); // 给sheet页改名
 62         workbook.removeSheet(2); // 移除多余的标签页
 63         workbook.removeSheet(3);
 64         
 65         sheet.mergeCells(0, 0, 4, 0); // 合并单元格
 66         sheet.setRowView(0, 600); // 设置行的高度
 67         sheet.setColumnView(0, 30); // 设置列的宽度
 68         sheet.setColumnView(1, 20); // 设置列的宽度
 69         
 70          WritableCell cell = null;
 71          WritableCellFormat wcf = null;
 72          Label label = null;
 73          WritableCellFeatures wcfeatures = null;
 74         
 75          // 更改标题字体
 76          cell = sheet.getWritableCell(0,0);
 77          WritableFont titleWf = new WritableFont(WritableFont.createFont("仿宋_GB2312"),// 字体
 78                                                   20,//WritableFont.DEFAULT_POINT_SIZE,  // 字号
 79                                                   WritableFont.NO_BOLD,                    // 粗体
 80                                                   false,                                     // 斜体
 81                                                   UnderlineStyle.NO_UNDERLINE,            // 下划线
 82                                                   Colour.BLUE2,                            // 字体颜色
 83                                                   ScriptStyle.NORMAL_SCRIPT);
 84          wcf = new WritableCellFormat(titleWf);
 85          wcf.setBackground(Colour.GRAY_25);// 设置单元格的背景颜色
 86          wcf.setAlignment(Alignment.CENTRE); // 设置对齐方式
 87          wcf.setBorder(Border.ALL, BorderLineStyle.THICK); // 添加边框
 88          cell.setCellFormat(wcf);
 89         
 90          // 将B3的字体改为仿宋_GB2312
 91          cell = sheet.getWritableCell(1,2);
 92          WritableFont fs = new WritableFont(WritableFont.createFont("仿宋_GB2312"),
 93                                            11);
 94          wcf = new WritableCellFormat(fs);
 95          cell.setCellFormat(wcf);
 96         
 97          // 将B4的字号改为20
 98          cell = sheet.getWritableCell(1,3);
 99          WritableFont size20 = new WritableFont(WritableFont.createFont("宋体"), 
100                                                20);
101          wcf = new WritableCellFormat(size20);
102          cell.setCellFormat(wcf);
103         
104          // 将B5的字体改为加粗
105          cell = sheet.getWritableCell(1,4);
106          WritableFont bold = new WritableFont(WritableFont.createFont("宋体"), 
107                                                11,
108                                                WritableFont.BOLD);
109          wcf = new WritableCellFormat(bold);
110          cell.setCellFormat(wcf);
111         
112          // 将B6的字体改为倾斜
113          cell = sheet.getWritableCell(1,5);
114          WritableFont italic = new WritableFont(WritableFont.createFont("宋体"), 
115                                                  11,
116                                                  WritableFont.NO_BOLD,
117                                                  true);
118          wcf = new WritableCellFormat(italic);
119          cell.setCellFormat(wcf);
120         
121          // 将B7字体加下划线
122          cell = sheet.getWritableCell(1,6);
123          WritableFont underline = new WritableFont(WritableFont.createFont("宋体"), 
124                                                     11,
125                                                     WritableFont.NO_BOLD,
126                                                     false,
127                                                     UnderlineStyle.SINGLE);
128          wcf = new WritableCellFormat(underline);
129          cell.setCellFormat(wcf);
130         
131          // 将B8的文字改为“待修改文字-已修改”
132          cell = sheet.getWritableCell(1,7);
133          if (cell.getType() == CellType.LABEL)
134          {
135              Label lc = (Label) cell;
136              lc.setString(lc.getString() + " - 已修改");
137          }
138         
139          // 将B9文字对齐方式改为垂直居中、右对齐
140          cell = sheet.getWritableCell(1,8);
141          WritableFont align = new WritableFont(WritableFont.createFont("宋体"), 
142                                                   11);
143          wcf = new WritableCellFormat(align);
144          wcf.setAlignment(Alignment.RIGHT); // 设置为右对齐
145          wcf.setVerticalAlignment(VerticalAlignment.CENTRE); // 设置为垂直居中
146          cell.setCellFormat(wcf);
147         
148          // 将E3文字改为自动换行
149          cell = sheet.getWritableCell(4,2);
150          WritableFont justify = new WritableFont(WritableFont.createFont("宋体"), 
151                                                   11);
152          wcf = new WritableCellFormat(justify);
153          wcf.setAlignment(Alignment.JUSTIFY);
154          cell.setCellFormat(wcf);
155         
156         
157          // 将B12的数字有效位数从5位改为7位
158          cell = sheet.getWritableCell(1,11);
159          NumberFormat sevendps = new NumberFormat("#.0000000");
160          wcf = new WritableCellFormat(sevendps);
161          cell.setCellFormat(wcf);
162         
163          // 将B13改为4位科学计数法表示
164          cell = sheet.getWritableCell(1,12);
165          NumberFormat exp4 = new NumberFormat("0.####E0");
166          wcf = new WritableCellFormat(exp4);
167          cell.setCellFormat(wcf);
168         
169          // 将B14改为默认数字表示
170          cell = sheet.getWritableCell(1,13);
171          cell.setCellFormat(WritableWorkbook.NORMAL_STYLE);
172         
173          // 将B15数字类型的值17改为22
174          cell = sheet.getWritableCell(1,14);
175          if (cell.getType() == CellType.NUMBER)
176          {
177              Number n = (Number) cell;
178              n.setValue(42);
179          }
180         
181          // 将B16的值2.71进行加法运算2.71 + 0.1
182          cell = sheet.getWritableCell(1,15);
183          if (cell.getType() == CellType.NUMBER)
184          {
185              Number n = (Number) cell;
186              n.setValue(n.getValue() + 0.1);
187          }
188         
189          // 将B19日期格式改为默认
190          cell = sheet.getWritableCell(1,18);
191          wcf = new WritableCellFormat(DateFormats.FORMAT9);
192          cell.setCellFormat(wcf);
193         
194          // 将B20日期格式改为dd MMM yyyy HH:mm:ss
195          cell = sheet.getWritableCell(1,19);
196          DateFormat df = new DateFormat("dd MMM yyyy HH:mm:ss");
197          wcf = new WritableCellFormat(df);
198          cell.setCellFormat(wcf);
199         
200          // 将B21的日期设置为 2011-6-1 11:18:50
201          cell = sheet.getWritableCell(1,20);
202          if (cell.getType() == CellType.DATE)
203          {
204              DateTime dt = (DateTime) cell;
205              Calendar cal = Calendar.getInstance();
206              cal.set(2011, 5, 1, 11, 18, 50);
207              Date d = cal.getTime();
208              dt.setDate(d);
209          }
210         
211         
212          // 将B24文字添加链接http://www.baidu.com
213          WritableHyperlink link = new WritableHyperlink(1, 23, new URL("http://www.baidu.com"));
214          sheet.addHyperlink(link);
215         
216          // 更改URL链接
217          WritableHyperlink hyperlinks[] = sheet.getWritableHyperlinks();
218          for (int i = 0; i < hyperlinks.length; i++) {
219              WritableHyperlink wh = hyperlinks[i];
220              if (wh.getColumn() == 1 && wh.getRow() == 24) {
221                  // 将B25文字链接取消
222                  sheet.removeHyperlink(wh,true);//true：保留文字；false：删除文字
223              }else if(wh.getColumn() == 1 && wh.getRow() == 25){
224                  try {
225                      // 将B26链接更改为http://wuhongyu.javaeye.com
226                      wh.setURL(new URL("http://wuhongyu.javaeye.com"));
227                  } catch (MalformedURLException e) {
228                      e.printStackTrace();
229                  }
230              }
231          }
232         
233         
234          // 利用公式取得B29、B30的值
235          Formula f1 = new Formula(1, 28, "SUM(C29:D29)");
236          sheet.addCell(f1);
237          Formula f2 = new Formula(1, 29, "AVERAGE(C30:G30)");
238          sheet.addCell(f2);
239         
240          // 在B32处添加图片，图片大小占10行3列，只支持png格式
241          File file = new File("d:\\shu05.png");
242          WritableImage image = new WritableImage(1, 31, 3, 10, file);
243          sheet.addImage(image);
244         
245          // 在A44出添加内容"Added drop down validation"，并为其添加注释
246          label = new Label(0, 43, "Added drop down validation");
247          wcfeatures = new WritableCellFeatures();
248          wcfeatures.setComment("右边列是个下拉列表");
249          label.setCellFeatures(wcfeatures);
250          sheet.addCell(label);
251          
252          // 在B44处添加一个下拉列表并添加注释
253          Blank b = new Blank(1, 43);
254          wcfeatures = new WritableCellFeatures();
255          ArrayList al = new ArrayList();
256          al.add("why");
257          al.add("landor");
258          al.add("tjm");
259          wcfeatures.setDataValidationList(al);
260          wcfeatures.setComment("这是一个注释");
261          b.setCellFeatures(wcfeatures);
262          sheet.addCell(b);
263          
264          // 为A46添加注释。
265          // 此处比较麻烦，试了多次发现必须将cell强制类型转换、添加CellFeatures再修改注释才可用，不知有没有更好的办法。
266          cell = sheet.getWritableCell(0,45);
267          wcfeatures = new WritableCellFeatures();
268          wcfeatures.setComment("这个注释不会被显示，删了这行还不行,MD");
269          cell.setCellFeatures(wcfeatures);
270          
271          label = (Label) cell;
272 //         label.setCellFeatures(wcfeatures);// 直接这样写会报一个警告（“注释已存在”），但那个注释仍会被显示。
273          label.addCellFeatures();
274          label.getWritableCellFeatures().setComment("终于加上注释了，哈哈哈哈");
275          
276          
277 //        if (cell instanceof Number) {
278 //            Number num = (Number) cell;
279 //            num.setCellFeatures(wcfeatures);
280 //        } else if (cell instanceof jxl.write.Boolean) {
281 //            jxl.write.Boolean bool = (jxl.write.Boolean) cell;
282 //            bool.setCellFeatures(wcfeatures);
283 //        } else if (cell instanceof jxl.write.DateTime) {
284 //            jxl.write.DateTime dt = (jxl.write.DateTime) cell;
285 //            dt.setCellFeatures(wcfeatures);
286 //        } else {
287 //            Label _label = (Label) cell;
288 //            _label.setCellFeatures(wcfeatures);
289 //        }
290          
291          workbook.write();
292          workbook.close();
293          wb.close();
294     }
295 
296 }

=============================================================================================

xl读取excel和写excel基本类似，只是WritableWorkbook换成了Workbook；　WritableSheet换成了　Sheet　；Label　换成了Cell。

 1 import java.io.File;
 2 import java.io.IOException;
 3 import jxl.Cell;
 4 import jxl.Sheet;
 5 import jxl.Workbook;
 6 import jxl.read.biff.BiffException;
 7 public class ReadExcel {
 8  public static void main(String[] args) {
 9   try {  
10             //选取指定的excel  
11             Workbook workbook = Workbook.getWorkbook(new File("F:\\test.xls"));  
12             //选取制定的sheet  
13             Sheet sheet = workbook.getSheet(0);  
14             //选取指定的cell  
15             //遍历循环得到所要的cell值  
16             for(int j = 0 ;j<sheet.getRows() ; j++)  
17                     for(int i = 0 ;i<sheet.getColumns();i++){  
18             Cell cell = sheet.getCell(i,j);  
19             //获取该cell的值  
20             String var1 = cell.getContents();  
21             //打印输出该值  
22             System.out.println(var1);  
23             }  
24     } catch (BiffException e) {  
25             e.printStackTrace();  
26     } catch (IOException e) {  
27             e.printStackTrace();  
28     }  
29   }
30  }

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