centos 7 扩容,(没有卷组、没有磁盘分区) 新建卷组 扩容 - 言寸

时间:2024-03-05 14:07:44

centos 7 扩容,(没有卷组、没有磁盘分区) 新建卷组 扩容

作记录学习

环境  vmware workstations     centos 7.2

背景  预先安装时,分配磁盘较小, 系统安装时,没有创建卷组

1、将虚拟机关机后,手动扩充磁盘空间

 

2、机器磁盘分配后,还不能用,还需要格式化系统

查看当前磁盘分布

[root@localhost ~]# df -h
Filesystem      Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/sda3        18G  4.7G   14G  27% /
devtmpfs        475M     0  475M   0% /dev
tmpfs           489M  144K  489M   1% /dev/shm
tmpfs           489M  7.1M  482M   2% /run
tmpfs           489M     0  489M   0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/sda1       297M  144M  154M  49% /boot
tmpfs            98M   12K   98M   1% /run/user/0
[root@localhost ~]# fdisk -l

Disk /dev/sda: 21.5 GB, 21474836480 bytes, 41943040 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk label type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x0008a4e1

   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/sda1   *        2048      616447      307200   83  Linux
/dev/sda2          616448     4810751     2097152   82  Linux swap / Solaris
/dev/sda3         4810752    41943039    18566144   83  Linux
[root@localhost ~]# 
[root@localhost ~]# pvdisplay    # 查看物理分区
[root@localhost ~]# vgdisplay    # 查看卷组信息
[root@localhost ~]# lvdisplay    # 查看逻辑分区

没有 物理分区 卷组信息 逻辑分区

 

3、对新增加的硬盘进行分区

执行步骤:

  • 执行“fdisk /dev/sda”,进入到fdisk
  • 输入p指令,查看已分区数量(有3个 /dev/sda1 /dev/sda2 /dev/sda3)
  • 输入 n {new partition}指令,新增加一个分区
  • 输入p {primary partition},分区类型选择为主分区
  • 输入分区号 4 {partition number} ,分区号选4(上面显示我已经有3个分区了)
  • 回车      默认(起始扇区)
  • 回车      默认(结束扇区)
  • 输入t {change partition id}指令,修改分区类型
  • 按提示输入刚才的分区号4
  • 输入分区类型 8e {Linux LVM partition}
  • 输入w指令,将以上改动写入分区表
  • 最后完成,退出fdisk命令

以下图片仅供参考

[root@localhost ~]#reboot     # 重启系统
[root@localhost ~]# fdisk -l #再次查看 ,发现多了个 sda4 Disk /dev/sda: 68.7 GB, 68719476736 bytes, 134217728 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk label type: dos Disk identifier: 0x0008a4e1 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sda1 * 2048 616447 307200 83 Linux /dev/sda2 616448 4810751 2097152 82 Linux swap / Solaris /dev/sda3 4810752 41943039 18566144 83 Linux /dev/sda4 41943040 134217727 46137344 8e Linux LVM

[root@vnode1 ~]# mkfs.ext3 /dev/sda4   # 此步几乎可以省略,后续,有待验证

 注意点:做完上面的操作,已经有物理卷,可以不创建卷组,逻辑卷,直接 mount

下面是创建卷组、逻辑卷,再挂载

4、创建卷组

[root@localhost ~]# vgcreate centos /dev/sda4
  Physical volume "/dev/sda4" successfully created
  Volume group "centos" successfully created
[root@localhost ~]# vgdisplay
  --- Volume group ---
  VG Name               centos
  System ID             
  Format                lvm2
  Metadata Areas        1
  Metadata Sequence No  1
  VG Access             read/write
  VG Status             resizable
  MAX LV                0
  Cur LV                0
  Open LV               0
  Max PV                0
  Cur PV                1
  Act PV                1
  VG Size               44.00 GiB
  PE Size               4.00 MiB
  Total PE              11263
  Alloc PE / Size       0 / 0   
  Free  PE / Size       11263 / 44.00 GiB
  VG UUID               3r3gTx-mrY2-6RAA-mrPt-RBnn-8BaV-3DlO1l
   

 

5、创建逻辑卷

[root@localhost ~]# lvcreate -L 43G -n root centos   # 创建
  Logical volume "root" created.
[root@localhost ~]# lvdisplay
  --- Logical volume ---
  LV Path                /dev/centos/root
  LV Name                root
  VG Name                centos
  LV UUID                XNJ9Ut-0fmU-RQqq-AY2f-xC2j-9zhL-qLFuwY
  LV Write Access        read/write
  LV Creation host, time localhost.localdomain, 2019-08-13 11:31:18 +0800
  LV Status              available
  # open                 0
  LV Size                43.00 GiB
  Current LE             11008
  Segments               1
  Allocation             inherit
  Read ahead sectors     auto
  - currently set to     8192
  Block device           253:0
   
[root@localhost /]# mkfs.ext3 /dev/centos/root    #格式化逻辑分区
mke2fs 1.42.9 (28-Dec-2013)
Filesystem label=
OS type: Linux
Block size=4096 (log=2)
Fragment size=4096 (log=2)
Stride=0 blocks, Stripe width=0 blocks
2818048 inodes, 11272192 blocks
563609 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user
First data block=0
Maximum filesystem blocks=4294967296
344 block groups
32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group
8192 inodes per group
Superblock backups stored on blocks: 
        32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736, 1605632, 2654208, 
        4096000, 7962624, 11239424

Allocating group tables: done                            
Writing inode tables: done                            
Creating journal (32768 blocks): done
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done  

 

6、挂载点,这里把新增逻辑分区,挂在到了 /data 目录

[root@localhost /]# mount /dev/centos/root /data
[root@localhost /]# df -h
Filesystem               Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/sda3                 18G  8.2G  9.6G  46% /
devtmpfs                 475M     0  475M   0% /dev
tmpfs                    489M   84K  489M   1% /dev/shm
tmpfs                    489M  7.1M  482M   2% /run
tmpfs                    489M     0  489M   0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/sda1                297M  144M  154M  49% /boot
tmpfs                     98M   20K   98M   1% /run/user/42
tmpfs                     98M     0   98M   0% /run/user/0
/dev/mapper/centos-root   43G   52M   40G   1% /data
# 这里从逻辑分区 /dev/centos/root 变成了 /dev/mapper/centos-root,是个很奇怪的点,后续要弄清楚

 7、永久挂载

普通mount ,重启机器后,就会失效,如果想永久挂载,还需要修改配置文件

[root@localhost bin]# vim /etc/fstab   # 修改配置文件
#
# /etc/fstab
# Created by anaconda on Mon Jul  1 01:07:33 2019
#
# Accessible filesystems, by reference, are maintained under \'/dev/disk\'
# See man pages fstab(5), findfs(8), mount(8) and/or blkid(8) for more info
#
UUID=f66e8bc7-ef82-473e-b565-df8ef7cfcda7 /                       xfs     defaults        0 0
UUID=c6e2743d-3e47-40a6-a74f-e429e1b3efc4 /boot                   xfs     defaults        0 0
UUID=681ef8e7-767e-47d4-84c4-7d705ac9dea4 swap                    swap    defaults        0 0
#/dev/cetnos/root   /data  xfs  auto 0 0 
#逻辑分区   挂载点   文件格式(与前面格式化文件格式保持一致)  defaults(默认是读写)  0 0 
/dev/mapper/centos-root /date                 ext3     defaults        0 0
[root@localhost bin]# umount /dev/centos/root  #卸载挂载点 
[root@localhost bin]# mount -a                 #读取配置文件挂载
[root@localhost bin]# root                     #重启,查看挂载点,是否失效

 

备注

df -T -h   # 查看挂载的分区信息
parted -l  #查看所有的分区信息
 blkid
[root@]# mkfs -t ext3 /dev/sda4
mke2fs 1.39 (29-May-2006)
/dev/sda4 isapparently in use by the system; will not make a filesystem here!
提示/dev/sda4 正在被使用。 /dev/sda4 正在被DM管理,所以我们创建文件系统时提示报错,我们手工的移除,就可以正常的创建文件系统,操作如下:
[root@ ]# dmsetup status
[root@]# dmsetup remove_all
fuser -km /data   # 强制终止 data进程