本笔记继续使用dept部门表,emp员工表,一对多多对一双向映射。
1 条件查询
1.1 查询 员工表emp中 年龄eage小于30,月薪esal大于20000的员工姓名ename
sql:select ename from emp where eage<? and esal >?;
hql: select ename from Emp where eage<? and esal >?
1.2 问号的设置与别名
问号(?)的设置使用.setParameter(位置, 属性值) 在sql语句中问号的位置是从1开始,在hql中从零开始。
在hql中,问号(?)也可以起别用,:后面紧跟别名,setParameter("age", 30)方法也随之改变,将原先的数字改成"别名",如下所示
String hql="select ename from Emp where eage<:age and esal >:sal";
Query query= session.createQuery(hql).setParameter("age", 30).setParameter("sal", 20000f).list();
1.3 一组问号的设置
对于一组问号也可以设置别名:如 查询在1,2部门的员工姓名
hql="select ename from Emp where did in (?,?)";
hql="select ename from Emp where did in (:d)";
Query query= session.createQuery(hql).setParameter("d", new Object[]{1,2}).list();
public void Test9() throws Exception{
Configuration config=new Configuration().configure();
SessionFactory sessionFactory= config.buildSessionFactory();
Session session=null;
Transaction tr=null;
try{
session= sessionFactory.openSession();
tr=session.beginTransaction();
String hql="select ename from Emp where eage<? and esal >?";
Query query= session.createQuery(hql).setParameter(0, 30).setParameter(1, 20000f); //设置问号,从0开始。
List<String> list = query.list();
for(String message:list){
System.out.println(message);
}
tr.commit();
}catch(Exception e){
tr.rollback();
}finally{
if(session!=null){
session.close();
}
if(sessionFactory!=null){
sessionFactory.close();
}
}
}
结果:
Hibernate: select emp0_.ename as col_0_0_ from emp emp0_ where emp0_.eage<? and emp0_.esal>?
刘亦菲
白百何
文章
林月如
2 条件查询的常用关键字
2.1 distinct 过滤重复的值
查询员工表中的所有员工姓名,并去掉重复值
hql="select distinct ename from Emp ";
2.2 delete 删除
删除年龄大于25的员工
hql="delete Emp where eage>25"; 删除年龄大于25岁的用户
Query query=session.createQuery(hql);
query.executeUpdate(); //执行 executeUpdate 方法返回int类型。
tx.commit(); //成功,则提交,对数据库操作
2.3 update 更新
更新员工编号11的年龄为22
String hql="update Emp s set s.eage=\'22\' where s.eid=11"; //更新语句
Query query=session.createQuery(hql);
query.executeUpdate(); //执行
tx.commit(); //成功,则提交
2.4 between...and...和not between... and...确定查询范围
查找员工表中年龄在20到30之间的员工姓名
hql="select ename from Emp where eage between 20 and 30"
2.5 in和not in确定查询集合
查询员工属于低1,2部门的员工姓名
hql="select ename from Emp where did in(1,2)"
2.6 like进行模糊查询
用like进行模糊查询时有两个可用的通配符:“%”和“_”。“%”代表长度大于等于0的字符,“_”代表长度为1的单个字符。
查询员工表中姓名中带有刘的员工
hql="select ename from Emp where ename like \'%刘%\'"
2.7 逻辑与 and 逻辑或 or
查询员工中薪水大于2000 同时年龄小于30的员工姓名
hql="select ename from Emp where esal>2000 and eage<30";
查询员工中,年龄大于40或者年龄小于30的员工
hql="select ename from Emp where eage>40 or eage<30";
2.8 order by对结果进行排序
对薪水进行排序,从小到大
hql="select esal from Emp where order by esal asc";
对年龄进行排序,倒叙,
hql="select ename from Emp where order by eage desc";
2.9 group by对记录进行分组
根据部门分组,求出各组的平均薪水
hql=" select avg(esal) from Emp group by did";
2.10 having 对分组进行筛选
根据部门分组,查出员工所在组平均薪水大于10000的员工姓名
hql=" select ename from Emp group by did having avg(esal)>10000";
3 聚集函数
查询emp员工表中有多少个员工。
sql:select count(ename) from emp;
hql: select count(ename) from Emp;
聚集函数及含义:
hql: select avg(esal) from Emp; 薪水平均值
hql: select max(esal) from Emp; 薪水最大值
hql: select sum(esal) from Emp; 薪水最小值
public void Test91() throws Exception{
Configuration config=new Configuration().configure();
SessionFactory sessionFactory= config.buildSessionFactory();
Session session=null;
Transaction tr=null;
try{
session= sessionFactory.openSession();
tr=session.beginTransaction();
String hql="select count(ename) from Emp";
Object count=session.createQuery(hql).uniqueResult(); //uniqueResult()方法返回Object类型
System.out.println(count);
tr.commit();
}catch(Exception e){
tr.rollback();
}finally{
if(session!=null){
session.close();
}
if(sessionFactory!=null){
sessionFactory.close();
}
}
}
结果:
Hibernate: select count(emp0_.ename) as col_0_0_ from emp emp0_
15
4 子查询
Hibernate 支持子查询,所谓子查询就是,要查询的字段及信息在A表,条件在B表。语法与sql语句相似。
public void Test9() throws Exception{
Configuration config=new Configuration().configure();
SessionFactory sessionFactory= config.buildSessionFactory();
Session session=null;
Transaction tr=null;
try{
session= sessionFactory.openSession();
tr=session.beginTransaction();
String hql="select ename from Emp where did in (select did from Dept where daddress = 302)";
Query query= session.createQuery(hql);
List<String> list = query.list();
for(String message:list){
System.out.println(message);
}
tr.commit();
}catch(Exception e){
tr.rollback();
}finally{
if(session!=null){
session.close();
}
if(sessionFactory!=null){
sessionFactory.close();
}
}
}
结果:
Hibernate: select emp0_.ename as col_0_0_ from emp emp0_ where did in (select dept1_.did from dept dept1_ where dept1_.daddress=302)
李世民
曹操
和珅
刘诗诗
5 导航查询
e.dept.daddress=301
员工所在部门的地址是301
public void Test9() throws Exception{
Configuration config=new Configuration().configure();
SessionFactory sessionFactory= config.buildSessionFactory();
Session session=null;
Transaction tr=null;
try{
session= sessionFactory.openSession();
tr=session.beginTransaction();
String hql="select ename from Emp e where e.dept.daddress=301 ";
Query query= session.createQuery(hql);
List<String> list = query.list();
for(String message:list){
System.out.println(message);
}
tr.commit();
}catch(Exception e){
tr.rollback();
}finally{
if(session!=null){
session.close();
}
if(sessionFactory!=null){
sessionFactory.close();
}
}
}
结果:
Hibernate: select emp0_.ename as col_0_0_ from emp emp0_, dept dept1_ where emp0_.did=dept1_.did and dept1_.daddress=301
刘德华
贺龙
白百何
文章
林月如