Windows应用程序开发笔记-控制和获取其他程序窗口控件内容 - dikongpulu

时间:2024-02-29 13:56:23

Windows应用程序开发笔记-控制和获取其他程序窗口控件内容

从以下需求引出的

在自己开发的程序中获取第三方应用程序窗口中文本框的内容,或者控制按钮的点击等行为

有两种方案:

1. 使用windows api函数FindWindow,FindWindowEx,SendMessage,EnumChildWindows等来完成获取和控制。函数的具体参数、使用说明等在微软网站有详细介绍,以c#中使用FindWindow为例:

 

public partial class Form1 : Form
{
public Form1()
{
InitializeComponent();
}

const int WM_SETTEXT = 0x000C;
const int WM_GETTEXT = 0x000D;
const int WM_CLICK = 0x00F5;

const int WM_LBUTTONDOWN = 0x0201;
const int WM_LBUTTONUP = 0x0202;
const int WM_CLOSE = 0x0010;
const int WM_GETTEXTLENGTH = 0x000E;

/// <summary>
/// Windows API函数,查找窗口句柄,在查找时不区分大小写。关于句柄以及FindWindow函数的参数,用法等在https://www.cnblogs.com/gyc19920704/p/5430964.html 有说明。
/// </summary>
/// <param name="lpClassName">spy++工具中的 类 没有则为null</param>
/// <param name="lpWindowName">spy++工具中的 标题 没有则为null</param>
/// <returns></returns>
[DllImport("user32.dll", EntryPoint = "FindWindow")]
public extern static IntPtr FindWindow(string lpClassName, string lpWindowName);

//查找窗口内控件句柄
[DllImport("user32.dll", EntryPoint = "FindWindowEx", SetLastError = true)]
public static extern IntPtr FindWindowEx(IntPtr hwndParent, IntPtr hwndChildAfter, string lpszClass, string lpszWindow);

//发送消息
[DllImport("user32.dll", EntryPoint = "SendMessageA")]
private static extern int SendMessage(IntPtr hwnd, int wMsg, IntPtr wParam, StringBuilder lParam);

[DllImport("User32.dll", EntryPoint = "SendMessage")]
private static extern int SendMessage1(IntPtr hWnd, int Msg, int wParam, StringBuilder lParam);

[DllImport("user32.dll")]
public static extern int EnumChildWindows(IntPtr hWndParent, CallBack lpfn, int lParam);

[DllImport("user32.dll")]
public static extern int GetWindowText(IntPtr hwnd, StringBuilder sb, int length);

public delegate bool CallBack(IntPtr hwnd, int lParam);


private void button1_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
IntPtr mW = FindWindow(null, "MyForm");
if (mW != IntPtr.Zero)
{
MessageBox.Show("找到程序窗口!");

IntPtr et = FindWindowEx(mW, IntPtr.Zero, "WindowsForms10.EDIT.app.0.141b42a_r7_ad1", null); //第三个参数使用spy++找的"类"
if (et != IntPtr.Zero)
{
MessageBox.Show("找到文本框!");

StringBuilder s1 = new StringBuilder(512);
//SendMessage(et, 0x000d, 510, s1); //0x000d是向控件发送获取文本消息的消息编号
//SendMessage1(et, WM_SETTEXT, IntPtr.Zero, DateTime.Now.ToString());

MessageBox.Show(s1.ToString());
//WindowsForms10.BUTTON.app.0.141b42a_r7_ad1
IntPtr hbutton = FindWindowEx(mW, IntPtr.Zero, "WindowsForms10.BUTTON.app.0.141b42a_r7_ad1", null);
//SendMessage1(hbutton, WM_CLICK, IntPtr.Zero, null);

//SendMessage1(hbutton, WM_LBUTTONDOWN, IntPtr.Zero, null);
//SendMessage1(hbutton, WM_LBUTTONUP, IntPtr.Zero, null);
}
else
{
MessageBox.Show("没找到文本框!");
}
}
else
{
MessageBox.Show("没有窗口!");
}
}

/// <summary>
        /// 查找窗体内的控件句柄
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="hwnd">父窗体句柄</param>
        /// <param name="lpszWindow">控件标题(Text)</param>
        /// <param name="bChild">设定是否在子窗体中查找</param>
        /// <returns>控件句柄,没找到返回IntPtr.Zero</returns>
        public static IntPtr FindWindowExMy(IntPtr hwnd, string lpszWindow, bool bChild)
{
IntPtr iResult = IntPtr.Zero;
            // 首先在父窗体上查找控件
            iResult = FindWindowEx(hwnd, IntPtr.Zero, null, lpszWindow);
            // 如果找到直接返回控件句柄
            if (iResult != IntPtr.Zero)
{
return iResult;
}

            // 如果设定了不在子窗体中查找
            if (!bChild)
{
return iResult;
}

            // 枚举子窗体,查找所有子窗体里的控件句柄
            int i = EnumChildWindows(
hwnd,
(h, l) =>
{
IntPtr f1 = FindWindowEx(h, IntPtr.Zero, null, lpszWindow);
if (f1 == IntPtr.Zero)
{
return true;
}
else
{
StringBuilder title = new StringBuilder(200);
int len;
len = GetWindowText(hwnd, title, 200);

iResult = f1;
return false;
}
},
0);
            // 返回查找结果
            return iResult;
}


public bool Report(IntPtr hwnd, int lParam)
{
Console.Write("Window handle is :");
Console.WriteLine(hwnd);
return true;
}
// public delegate bool CallBack(int hwnd, int lParam);
[DllImport("user32")]
public static extern int EnumWindows(CallBack x, int y);

 

private void button2_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
CallBack myCallBack = new CallBack(Report);
EnumWindows(myCallBack, 0);
//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
IntPtr mW = FindWindow(null, "MyForm");
if (mW != IntPtr.Zero)
{
MessageBox.Show("已找到程序窗口!");

IntPtr et = FindWindowExMy(mW, "button1", true);
//IntPtr et = FindWindowEx(mW, IntPtr.Zero, "WindowsForms10.EDIT.app.0.141b42a_r7_ad1", null); //第三个参数使用spy++找的"类"。对于.net winform窗口,每个控件有特定的值
//IntPtr et = (IntPtr)0x0001021A;//句柄 在程序窗口关闭重启后是会变化的。
if (et != IntPtr.Zero)
{
MessageBox.Show("已找到文本框!");
SendMessage(et, WM_SETTEXT, IntPtr.Zero, new StringBuilder("xxx123"));//为什么不生效?

StringBuilder s1 = new StringBuilder(512);
SendMessage(et, WM_GETTEXT, (IntPtr)512, s1); //0x000d是向控件发送获取文本消息的消息编号

MessageBox.Show(s1.ToString());

//SendMessage(et, WM_SETTEXT, IntPtr.Zero, new StringBuilder("xxx123"));

SendMessage(et, WM_CLICK, IntPtr.Zero, null);

//SendMessage1(et, WM_LBUTTONDOWN, IntPtr.Zero, null);
//SendMessage1(et, WM_LBUTTONUP, IntPtr.Zero, null);
}
else
{
MessageBox.Show("没找到文本框!");
}
}
else
{
MessageBox.Show("没有找到程序窗口!");
}
}
}

获取句柄的辅助工具有spy++或WinSpy,以下以spy++为例,在visual studio中有集成,“工具=>获取工具和功能=>单个组件=>C++核心功能”,

 

 

 

打开此工具后按ctrl f 然后点图标拖到要查找的其他程序窗口上即可显示句柄

 

 

 

方案2:使用.Net下的UIAutomation技术,网上此类文章很多,例如:https://blog.csdn.net/lassewang/article/details/6693917 有很详细的例子

以下摘自:https://www.cnblogs.com/miaosha5s/p/4993321.html

一.界面的自动化操作

.Ui自动化测试

.软件外挂 

二.Win32基础知识

a.Win32中一切元素皆窗口,窗口之间有父子关系。整个桌面是一个“根窗口”。

b.进程:

根据进程id拿到进程对象Process process = Process.GetProcessById(processId);

启动一个进程:Process process = Process.Start(exe路径);

杀死一个进程process.Kill() 

三.UIAutonation基础

1、需要添加对UIAutomationClient、 UIAutomationProvider、 UIAutomationTypes的引用

2、AutomationElement.RootElement是窗口根元素

AutomationElement.FromHandle(IntPtr hwnd)从窗口句柄拿到AutomationElement对象。

3、遍历:

mainElement.FindAll(TreeScope.Descendants,

new PropertyCondition(AutomationElement.ClassNameProperty, "TLabeledEdit"));

TreeScope.Descendants代表递归从所有子孙元素中递归查找;如果是从直接子节点查找,则使用TreeScope.Children。

Condition是过滤条件,可以根据类名等查找,如果是不指定查询条件则使用Condition.True Condition。

FindFirst是查到第一个。 

4、点击按钮、设置文本、读取文本使用Pattern来实现。不是所有Pattern都支持

(1) 设置控件的值

ValuePattern

valuePattern = (ValuePattern)element.GetCurrentPattern(ValuePattern.Pattern);

valuePattern.SetValue("rupeng.com");

(2) 得到文本控件的值

TextPattern

valuePattern = (TextPattern)element.GetCurrentPattern(TextPattern.Pattern);

string v= valuePattern.DocumentRange.GetText(-1);

(3) 调用控件,比如点击按钮

var clickPattern = (InvokePattern)element.GetCurrentPattern(InvokePattern.Pattern);

clickPattern.Invoke();