如果一台电脑同时连接多个打印机,而且每个打印机使用的纸张大小各不相同(比如:票据打印钱用的小票专用张,办公打印机用的是A4标准纸),在处理打印类的需求时,如果不用代码干预,用户必须每次打印时,都必须在弹出窗口里,手动选择打印机(还有可能需要设置纸张类型),这样用起来会比较烦。
幸好,.Net提供了“二”个很有用的类:PrintDialog(打印机设置对话框)、PageSetupDialog(页面设置对话框) (注:之所以给“二”加引号,是因为"打印机设置"其实已经完全包含了“页面设置”的所有功能,而且“ PageSetupDialog”类在实际使用中发现还有一个容易误导的地方)
一、打印机设置(PrintDialog)
示例代码:
using System; using System.Drawing.Printing; using System.Windows.Forms; namespace PrintDemo { public partial class Form1 : Form { public Form1() { InitializeComponent(); } private void btnPrintSet_Click(object sender, EventArgs e) { PrintDialog dlg = new PrintDialog(); if (dlg.ShowDialog() == DialogResult.OK) { ShowInfo(dlg.PrinterSettings); } } private void ShowInfo(PrinterSettings printSettings) { var pageSettings = printSettings.DefaultPageSettings; var pageSize = pageSettings.PaperSize; label1.Text = string.Format("打印机:{1}{0}纸张类型:{2}{0}纸张大小:{3}cm * {4}cm{0}纸张布局:{5}", Environment.NewLine + Environment.NewLine, printSettings.PrinterName, pageSize.PaperName, InchToCm(pageSize.Width / 100.0M).ToString("F2"), InchToCm(pageSize.Height / 100.0M).ToString("F2"), pageSettings.Landscape ? "横向" : "纵向"); } const decimal K = 2.54M; private decimal InchToCm(decimal inch) { return inch * K; } private decimal CmToInch(decimal cm) { return cm / K; } } }
"打印机设置"对话框的截图如下:
"打印机设置"对话框调用完成后,可以取回一些有用的信息,下面是一些关键信息的展示截图:
可以看到,打印机设置界面里,已经包含了关于纸张尺寸、纸张布局(纵向、横向)的设置,所以在我看来,系统没有必要再单独提供"页面设置(PageSetupDialog)"
二、页面设置(PageSetupDialog)
示例代码:(在刚才的代码基础上加点东西)
using System; using System.Drawing.Printing; using System.Windows.Forms; namespace PrintDemo { public partial class Form1 : Form { public Form1() { InitializeComponent(); } /// <summary> /// 打印机设置 /// </summary> /// <param name="sender"></param> /// <param name="e"></param> private void btnPrintSet_Click(object sender, EventArgs e) { PrintDialog dlg = new PrintDialog(); if (dlg.ShowDialog() == DialogResult.OK) { ShowInfo(dlg.PrinterSettings); } } /// <summary> /// 页面设置 /// </summary> /// <param name="sender"></param> /// <param name="e"></param> private void btnPageSet_Click(object sender, EventArgs e) { PageSetupDialog dlg = new PageSetupDialog(); dlg.PageSettings = new PageSettings(); if (dlg.ShowDialog() == DialogResult.OK) { ShowInfo(dlg.PageSettings); } } private void ShowInfo(PrinterSettings printSettings) { var pageSettings = printSettings.DefaultPageSettings; var pageSize = pageSettings.PaperSize; label1.Text = string.Format("打印机:{1}{0}纸张类型:{2}{0}纸张大小:{3}cm * {4}cm{0}纸张布局:{5}", Environment.NewLine + Environment.NewLine, printSettings.PrinterName, pageSize.PaperName, HundredthsInchToCM(pageSize.Width).ToString("F1"), HundredthsInchToCM(pageSize.Height).ToString("F1"), pageSettings.Landscape ? "横向" : "纵向"); } private void ShowInfo(PageSettings pageSettings) { var pageSize = pageSettings.PaperSize; label1.Text = string.Format("纸张类型:{1}{0}纸张大小:{2}cm * {3}cm{0}纸张布局:{4}{0}页边距:{5}", Environment.NewLine + Environment.NewLine, pageSize.PaperName, HundredthsInchToCM(pageSize.Width).ToString("F1"), HundredthsInchToCM(pageSize.Height).ToString("F1"), pageSettings.Landscape ? "横向" : "纵向", MarginToString(pageSettings.Margins)); } private string MarginToString(Margins margins) { return string.Format("左:{0}mm,上:{1}mm,右:{2}mm,下:{3}mm", HundredthsInchToMM(margins.Left), HundredthsInchToMM(margins.Top), HundredthsInchToMM(margins.Right), HundredthsInchToMM(margins.Bottom)); } const decimal K = 2.54M; /// <summary> /// (百分之一)英寸制,转毫米 /// </summary> /// <returns></returns> private int HundredthsInchToMM(decimal d) { return (int)Math.Round((d / 100.00M) * K * 10); } /// <summary> /// (百分之一)英寸制,转厘米 /// </summary> private decimal HundredthsInchToCM(decimal d) { return (d / 100.00M) * K; } } }
这里有一个坑爹的地方,不管你如何选择Pager Size,最后返回的PageSettings里,PageSize 始终是A4纸的大小(如下图),这也是我强烈推荐大家尽量避免使用PageSettings的理由
还有一个问题,如何在弹出这二个对话框时,默认就选中一些特定的值呢?这个容易,参见下面的代码:
/// <summary> /// 打印机设置 /// </summary> /// <param name="sender"></param> /// <param name="e"></param> private void btnPrintSet_Click(object sender, EventArgs e) { PrintDialog dlg = new PrintDialog(); dlg.PrinterSettings = new PrinterSettings() { PrinterName = "pdfFactory Pro" }; if (dlg.ShowDialog() == DialogResult.OK) { ShowInfo(dlg.PrinterSettings); } }
这样,在弹出打印机设置界面时,就默认选中了"pdfFactory Pro"打印机(当然,这个名字必须确实是你本机安装的打印机之一,如果这个打印机名字不存在,系统仍将选中默认打印机)
/// <summary> /// 页面设置 /// </summary> /// <param name="sender"></param> /// <param name="e"></param> private void btnPageSet_Click(object sender, EventArgs e) { PageSetupDialog dlg = new PageSetupDialog(); dlg.PageSettings = new PageSettings() { PaperSize = new PaperSize() { PaperName = "A5",//其实这里不管设置什么名称,都没啥用 //一旦设置初始尺寸大小后,在页面设置对话框里,不管选什么纸张Size, //对话框关闭时,返回值的PageSize里,始终就是这个大小,不会随用户选择而改变 Height = 827, Width = 583 }, Landscape = false, Margins = new Margins() { Left = 10, Top = 20, Bottom = 30, Right = 40 } }; if (dlg.ShowDialog() == DialogResult.OK) { ShowInfo(dlg.PageSettings); } }
这样,页面设置对话框弹出时,就默认选中了布局方向为“纵向”,同时设置了边距,而且纸张大小为A5的大小(注意:PageSize的设置,在界面上看不出效果,但是关闭对话框后,返回值的PageSize里会起作用)
三、RDLC报表用代码指定打印机、纸张大小、打印份数
rdlc报表的预览控制ReportViewer里,已经对外暴露了PrinterSettings属性
// // Summary: // Gets or sets a System.Drawing.Printing.PrinterSettings object that contains // the settings for the default printer and print options that are used to initialize // the Print dialog and the printer\'s Preferences dialog. // // Returns: // A System.Drawing.Printing.PrinterSettings object. [DesignerSerializationVisibility(DesignerSerializationVisibility.Hidden)] [Browsable(false)] public PrinterSettings PrinterSettings { get; set; }
以及PageSettings的set/get方法
// // Summary: // Returns the page settings that are used to print the current report in the // ReportViewer control or display it in print layout mode. // // Returns: // A System.Drawing.Printing.PageSettings object that contains the page settings // that are used to print the current report in the ReportViewer control or // display it in print layout mode, or null if the ReportViewer control has // not yet processed a report. public PageSettings GetPageSettings();
// // Summary: // Sets the page settings that are used to print the current report in the ReportViewer // control or display it in print layout mode. // // Parameters: // pageSettings: // A System.Drawing.Printing.PageSettings object that contains the new page // settings.This parameter must not be null. public void SetPageSettings(PageSettings pageSettings);
利用这些信息,就足够控制RDLC的打印机和纸张大小了,比如要指定某台打印机打印,可以这么做:
this.reportViewer1.PrinterSettings = new PrinterSettings() { PrinterName = "pdfFactory Pro" };
要指定RDLC打印时,采用特定的纸张大小,可以参考下面的代码:
var pageSettings = this.reportViewer1.GetPageSettings(); pageSettings.PaperSize = new PaperSize() { Height = 100, Width = 50 }; pageSettings.Landscape = true; this.reportViewer1.SetPageSettings(pageSettings);
打印份数的控制很简单:PrinterSettings类有一个Copies属性,直接给它赋值一个short型数字就行了
最后再回到本文最开头提出的问题,知道如何用代码影响打印机、纸张大小后,最后可以将PageSettings以及PrinterSettings中的关键信息,持久化存储起来(比如:用xml或DB),下次再进入该业务界面时,根据存储的配置信息还原相关的设置,这样用户只要设置一次,以后就不用每次手动切换打印机或纸张类型了。