概述
众所周知使用 JWT 做权限验证,相比 Session 的优点是,Session 需要占用大量服务器内存,并且在多服务器时就会涉及到共享 Session 问题,在手机等移动端访问时比较麻烦
而 JWT 无需存储在服务器,不占用服务器资源(也就是无状态的),用户在登录后拿到 Token 后,访问需要权限的请求时附上 Token(一般设置在Http请求头),JWT 不存在多服务器共享的问题,也没有手机移动端访问问题,若为了提高安全,可将 Token 与用户的 IP 地址绑定起来
前端流程
用户通过 AJAX 进行登录得到一个 Token
之后访问需要权限请求时附上 Token 进行访问
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<!DOCTYPE html>
< html lang = "en" >
< head >
< meta charset = "UTF-8" >
< title >Title</ title >
< script src = "http://apps.bdimg.com/libs/jquery/2.1.4/jquery.min.js" ></ script >
< script type = "application/javascript" >
var header = "";
function login() {
$.post("http://localhost:8080/auth/login", {
username: $("#username").val(),
password: $("#password").val()
}, function (data) {
console.log(data);
header = data;
})
}
function toUserPageBtn() {
$.ajax({
type: "get",
url: "http://localhost:8080/userpage",
beforeSend: function (request) {
request.setRequestHeader("Authorization", header);
},
success: function (data) {
console.log(data);
}
});
}
</ script >
</ head >
< body >
< fieldset >
< legend >Please Login</ legend >
< label >UserName</ label >< input type = "text" id = "username" >
< label >Password</ label >< input type = "text" id = "password" >
< input type = "button" onclick = "login()" value = "Login" >
</ fieldset >
< button id = "toUserPageBtn" onclick = "toUserPageBtn()" >访问UserPage</ button >
</ body >
</ html >
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后端流程(Spring Boot + Spring Security + JJWT)
思路:
- 创建用户、权限实体类与数据传输对象
- 编写 Dao 层接口,用于获取用户信息
- 实现 UserDetails(Security 支持的用户实体对象,包含权限信息)
- 实现 UserDetailsSevice(从数据库中获取用户信息,并包装成UserDetails)
- 编写 JWTToken 生成工具,用于生成、验证、解析 Token
- 配置 Security,配置请求处理 与 设置 UserDetails 获取方式为自定义的 UserDetailsSevice
- 编写 LoginController,接收用户登录名密码并进行验证,若验证成功返回 Token 给用户
- 编写过滤器,若用户请求头或参数中包含 Token 则解析,并生成 Authentication,绑定到 SecurityContext ,供 Security 使用
- 用户访问了需要权限的页面,却没附上正确的 Token,在过滤器处理时则没有生成 Authentication,也就不存在访问权限,则无法访问,否之访问成功
编写用户实体类,并插入一条数据
User(用户)实体类
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@Data
@Entity
public class User {
@Id
@GeneratedValue
private int id;
private String name;
private String password;
@ManyToMany (cascade = {CascadeType.REFRESH}, fetch = FetchType.EAGER)
@JoinTable (name = "user_role" , joinColumns = { @JoinColumn (name = "uid" , referencedColumnName = "id" )}, inverseJoinColumns = { @JoinColumn (name = "rid" , referencedColumnName = "id" )})
private List<Role> roles;
}
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Role(权限)实体类
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@Data
@Entity
public class Role {
@Id
@GeneratedValue
private int id;
private String name;
@ManyToMany (mappedBy = "roles" )
private List<User> users;
}
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插入数据
User 表
id | name | password |
---|---|---|
1 | linyuan | 123 |
Role 表
id | name |
---|---|
1 | USER |
User_ROLE 表
uid | rid |
---|---|
1 | 1 |
Dao 层接口,通过用户名获取数据,返回值为 Java8 的 Optional 对象
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public interface UserRepository extends Repository<User,Integer> {
Optional<User> findByName(String name);
}
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编写 LoginDTO,用于与前端之间数据传输
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@Data
public class LoginDTO implements Serializable {
@NotBlank (message = "用户名不能为空" )
private String username;
@NotBlank (message = "密码不能为空" )
private String password;
}
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编写 Token 生成工具,利用 JJWT 库创建,一共三个方法:生成 Token(返回String)、解析 Token(返回Authentication认证对象)、验证 Token(返回布尔值)
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@Component
public class JWTTokenUtils {
private final Logger log = LoggerFactory.getLogger(JWTTokenUtils. class );
private static final String AUTHORITIES_KEY = "auth" ;
private String secretKey; //签名密钥
private long tokenValidityInMilliseconds; //失效日期
private long tokenValidityInMillisecondsForRememberMe; //(记住我)失效日期
@PostConstruct
public void init() {
this .secretKey = "Linyuanmima" ;
int secondIn1day = 1000 * 60 * 60 * 24 ;
this .tokenValidityInMilliseconds = secondIn1day * 2L; this .tokenValidityInMillisecondsForRememberMe = secondIn1day * 7L;
}
private final static long EXPIRATIONTIME = 432_000_000;
//创建Token
public String createToken(Authentication authentication, Boolean rememberMe){
String authorities = authentication.getAuthorities().stream() //获取用户的权限字符串,如 USER,ADMIN
.map(GrantedAuthority::getAuthority)
.collect(Collectors.joining( "," ));
long now = ( new Date()).getTime(); //获取当前时间戳
Date validity; //存放过期时间
if (rememberMe){
validity = new Date(now + this .tokenValidityInMilliseconds);
} else {
validity = new Date(now + this .tokenValidityInMillisecondsForRememberMe);
}
return Jwts.builder() //创建Token令牌
.setSubject(authentication.getName()) //设置面向用户
.claim(AUTHORITIES_KEY,authorities) //添加权限属性
.setExpiration(validity) //设置失效时间
.signWith(SignatureAlgorithm.HS512,secretKey) //生成签名
.compact();
}
//获取用户权限
public Authentication getAuthentication(String token){
System.out.println( "token:" +token);
Claims claims = Jwts.parser() //解析Token的payload
.setSigningKey(secretKey)
.parseClaimsJws(token)
.getBody();
Collection<? extends GrantedAuthority> authorities =
Arrays.stream(claims.get(AUTHORITIES_KEY).toString().split( "," )) //获取用户权限字符串
.map(SimpleGrantedAuthority:: new )
.collect(Collectors.toList()); //将元素转换为GrantedAuthority接口集合
User principal = new User(claims.getSubject(), "" , authorities);
return new UsernamePasswordAuthenticationToken(principal, "" , authorities);
}
//验证Token是否正确
public boolean validateToken(String token){
try {
Jwts.parser().setSigningKey(secretKey).parseClaimsJws(token); //通过密钥验证Token
return true ;
} catch (SignatureException e) { //签名异常
log.info( "Invalid JWT signature." );
log.trace( "Invalid JWT signature trace: {}" , e);
} catch (MalformedJwtException e) { //JWT格式错误
log.info( "Invalid JWT token." );
log.trace( "Invalid JWT token trace: {}" , e);
} catch (ExpiredJwtException e) { //JWT过期
log.info( "Expired JWT token." );
log.trace( "Expired JWT token trace: {}" , e);
} catch (UnsupportedJwtException e) { //不支持该JWT
log.info( "Unsupported JWT token." );
log.trace( "Unsupported JWT token trace: {}" , e);
} catch (IllegalArgumentException e) { //参数错误异常
log.info( "JWT token compact of handler are invalid." );
log.trace( "JWT token compact of handler are invalid trace: {}" , e);
}
return false ;
}
}
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实现 UserDetails 接口,代表用户实体类,在我们的 User 对象上在进行包装,包含了权限等性质,可以供 Spring Security 使用
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public class MyUserDetails implements UserDetails{
private User user;
public MyUserDetails(User user) {
this .user = user;
}
@Override
public Collection<? extends GrantedAuthority> getAuthorities() {
List<Role> roles = user.getRoles();
List<GrantedAuthority> authorities = new ArrayList<>();
StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
if (roles.size()>= 1 ){
for (Role role : roles){
authorities.add( new SimpleGrantedAuthority(role.getName()));
}
return authorities;
}
return AuthorityUtils.commaSeparatedStringToAuthorityList( "" );
}
@Override
public String getPassword() {
return user.getPassword();
}
@Override
public String getUsername() {
return user.getName();
}
@Override
public boolean isAccountNonExpired() {
return true ;
}
@Override
public boolean isAccountNonLocked() {
return true ;
}
@Override
public boolean isCredentialsNonExpired() {
return true ;
}
@Override
public boolean isEnabled() {
return true ;
}
}
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实现 UserDetailsService 接口,该接口仅有一个方法,用来获取 UserDetails,我们可以从数据库中获取 User 对象,然后将其包装成 UserDetails 并返回
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@Service
public class MyUserDetailsService implements UserDetailsService {
@Autowired
UserRepository userRepository;
@Override
public UserDetails loadUserByUsername(String s) throws UsernameNotFoundException {
//从数据库中加载用户对象
Optional<User> user = userRepository.findByName(s);
//调试用,如果值存在则输出下用户名与密码
user.ifPresent((value)->System.out.println( "用户名:" +value.getName()+ " 用户密码:" +value.getPassword()));
//若值不再则返回null
return new MyUserDetails(user.orElse( null ));
}
}
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编写过滤器,用户如果携带 Token 则获取 Token,并根据 Token 生成 Authentication 认证对象,并存放到 SecurityContext 中,供 Spring Security 进行权限控制
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public class JwtAuthenticationTokenFilter extends GenericFilterBean {
private final Logger log = LoggerFactory.getLogger(JwtAuthenticationTokenFilter. class );
@Autowired
private JWTTokenUtils tokenProvider;
@Override
public void doFilter(ServletRequest servletRequest, ServletResponse servletResponse, FilterChain filterChain) throws IOException, ServletException {
System.out.println( "JwtAuthenticationTokenFilter" );
try {
HttpServletRequest httpReq = (HttpServletRequest) servletRequest;
String jwt = resolveToken(httpReq);
if (StringUtils.hasText(jwt) && this .tokenProvider.validateToken(jwt)) { //验证JWT是否正确
Authentication authentication = this .tokenProvider.getAuthentication(jwt); //获取用户认证信息
SecurityContextHolder.getContext().setAuthentication(authentication); //将用户保存到SecurityContext
}
filterChain.doFilter(servletRequest, servletResponse);
} catch (ExpiredJwtException e){ //JWT失效
log.info( "Security exception for user {} - {}" ,
e.getClaims().getSubject(), e.getMessage());
log.trace( "Security exception trace: {}" , e);
((HttpServletResponse) servletResponse).setStatus(HttpServletResponse.SC_UNAUTHORIZED);
}
}
private String resolveToken(HttpServletRequest request){
String bearerToken = request.getHeader(WebSecurityConfig.AUTHORIZATION_HEADER); //从HTTP头部获取TOKEN
if (StringUtils.hasText(bearerToken) && bearerToken.startsWith( "Bearer " )){
return bearerToken.substring( 7 , bearerToken.length()); //返回Token字符串,去除Bearer
}
String jwt = request.getParameter(WebSecurityConfig.AUTHORIZATION_TOKEN); //从请求参数中获取TOKEN
if (StringUtils.hasText(jwt)) {
return jwt;
}
return null ;
}
}
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编写 LoginController,用户通过用户名、密码访问 /auth/login,通过 LoginDTO 对象接收,创建一个 Authentication 对象,代码中为 UsernamePasswordAuthenticationToken,判断对象是否存在,通过 AuthenticationManager 的 authenticate 方法对认证对象进行验证,AuthenticationManager 的实现类 ProviderManager 会通过 AuthentionProvider(认证处理) 进行验证,默认 ProviderManager 调用 DaoAuthenticationProvider 进行认证处理,DaoAuthenticationProvider 中会通过 UserDetailsService(认证信息来源) 获取 UserDetails ,若认证成功则返回一个包含权限的 Authention,然后通过 SecurityContextHolder.getContext().setAuthentication() 设置到 SecurityContext 中,根据 Authentication 生成 Token,并返回给用户
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@RestController
public class LoginController {
@Autowired
private UserRepository userRepository;
@Autowired
private AuthenticationManager authenticationManager;
@Autowired
private JWTTokenUtils jwtTokenUtils;
@RequestMapping (value = "/auth/login" ,method = RequestMethod.POST)
public String login( @Valid LoginDTO loginDTO, HttpServletResponse httpResponse) throws Exception{
//通过用户名和密码创建一个 Authentication 认证对象,实现类为 UsernamePasswordAuthenticationToken
UsernamePasswordAuthenticationToken authenticationToken = new UsernamePasswordAuthenticationToken(loginDTO.getUsername(),loginDTO.getPassword());
//如果认证对象不为空
if (Objects.nonNull(authenticationToken)){
userRepository.findByName(authenticationToken.getPrincipal().toString())
.orElseThrow(()-> new Exception( "用户不存在" ));
}
try {
//通过 AuthenticationManager(默认实现为ProviderManager)的authenticate方法验证 Authentication 对象
Authentication authentication = authenticationManager.authenticate(authenticationToken);
//将 Authentication 绑定到 SecurityContext
SecurityContextHolder.getContext().setAuthentication(authentication);
//生成Token
String token = jwtTokenUtils.createToken(authentication, false );
//将Token写入到Http头部
httpResponse.addHeader(WebSecurityConfig.AUTHORIZATION_HEADER, "Bearer " +token);
return "Bearer " +token;
} catch (BadCredentialsException authentication){
throw new Exception( "密码错误" );
}
}
}
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编写 Security 配置类,继承 WebSecurityConfigurerAdapter,重写 configure 方法
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@Configuration
@EnableWebSecurity
@EnableGlobalMethodSecurity (prePostEnabled = true )
public class WebSecurityConfig extends WebSecurityConfigurerAdapter {
public static final String AUTHORIZATION_HEADER = "Authorization" ;
public static final String AUTHORIZATION_TOKEN = "access_token" ;
@Autowired
private UserDetailsService userDetailsService;
@Override
protected void configure(AuthenticationManagerBuilder auth) throws Exception {
auth
//自定义获取用户信息
.userDetailsService(userDetailsService)
//设置密码加密
.passwordEncoder(passwordEncoder());
}
@Override
protected void configure(HttpSecurity http) throws Exception {
//配置请求访问策略
http
//关闭CSRF、CORS
.cors().disable()
.csrf().disable()
//由于使用Token,所以不需要Session
.sessionManagement().sessionCreationPolicy(SessionCreationPolicy.STATELESS)
.and()
//验证Http请求
.authorizeRequests()
//允许所有用户访问首页 与 登录
.antMatchers( "/" , "/auth/login" ).permitAll()
//其它任何请求都要经过认证通过
.anyRequest().authenticated()
//用户页面需要用户权限
.antMatchers( "/userpage" ).hasAnyRole( "USER" )
.and()
//设置登出
.logout().permitAll();
//添加JWT filter 在
http
.addFilterBefore(genericFilterBean(), UsernamePasswordAuthenticationFilter. class );
}
@Bean
public PasswordEncoder passwordEncoder() {
return new BCryptPasswordEncoder();
}
@Bean
public GenericFilterBean genericFilterBean() {
return new JwtAuthenticationTokenFilter();
}
}
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编写用于测试的Controller
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@RestController
public class UserController {
@PostMapping ( "/login" )
public String login() {
return "login" ;
}
@GetMapping ( "/" )
public String index() {
return "hello" ;
}
@GetMapping ( "/userpage" )
public String httpApi() {
System.out.println(SecurityContextHolder.getContext().getAuthentication().getPrincipal());
return "userpage" ;
}
@GetMapping ( "/adminpage" )
public String httpSuite() {
return "userpage" ;
}
}
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总结
以上就是这篇文章的全部内容了,希望本文的内容对大家的学习或者工作具有一定的参考学习价值,如果有疑问大家可以留言交流,谢谢大家对服务器之家的支持。
原文链接:http://www.jianshu.com/p/fceb45733355