javaweb连接数据库并完成增删改查

时间:2024-02-22 20:26:41

一.连接数据库

1、mysql数据库的安装和配置

  在网上找到了篇关于mysql的安装详细说明,供读者自己学习

  https://www.jb51.net/article/23876.htm

2、mysql的基本操作

  找到了篇介绍MySQL的基本操作的文章,简单易懂,可以很快的学会

  http://www.cnblogs.com/mr-wid/archive/2013/05/09/3068229.html#d22

3、创建数据库表

  建议大家下载一些MySQL的可视化工具如SQLyog,navicat等相应的教程都可以在网上找到,就不在此和大家一一说明,在此以SQLyog为例。

  打开SQLyog软件,打开该软件后,会弹出以下画面,点击继续。

  

  进入链接配置界面,点击上方的New…按钮,输入链接名称创建一个链接

  

  

  之后在配置界面输入链接密码。此密码就是在安装mysql时设置的密码。

  

  

  输入密码后,点击连接,如果信息无误,则进入主界面。如下所示

  

  

  创建数据库,在左侧现实数据库的区域,点击右键,选择“创建数据库”

  

  

  输入数据库名称,字符编码选择UTF-8,然后点击创建,则在左侧现实出来了刚刚创建的数据库。

  

 

4、下载数据库对应的jar包并导入

  在网上下载JDBC驱动然后导入,使用JDBC需要在工程中导入对应的jar包。数据库与JDBC包的对应关系可以参考各种数据库对应的jar包、驱动类名和URL格式。在Eclipse下的导入方法:

  在工程的图标上右击,选择”Properties”,在”Java Bulid Path”中选择”Add External JARs…”,选择下载并解压后获得的jar包。
  

 

     如果对MySQL进行操作,这时下面的import就不会报错了:

   

import com.mysql.jdbc.Connection;
import com.mysql.jdbc.PreparedStatement;
import java.sql.DriverManager;
import java.sql.ResultSet;
import java.sql.SQLException;
以上三句导入语句可用import java.sql.*代替

二.实现增删改查

 1、准备工作

  1:test01文件夹(里面有所需的页面资源),我完成的是在里面添加增删改查操作

     2:myeclipse(版本没什么要求)  eclipse也行 

     3:数据库 MySQL

     4:需要了解到的知识点:

                                        servlet

                                        EL与JSTL表达式

                                      项目的基本框架搭建(javaweb经典三层框架)

     5:在myeclipse中建立对应的包结构

      

2、项目的基本框架搭建

 所谓三层框架分别为表述层(WEB层)、业务逻辑层()、数据访问层()。

    web层(action):包含JSP和Servlet等与web相关的内容,负责与浏览器的响应和请求;

    业务层(service):只关心业务逻辑;

    数据层(dao):封装了对数据库的访问细节,数据操作类;
    关系:web层依赖业务层    业务层依赖数据层(这个关系很重要)

ps:除了以上三层框架是我们在写一个javaweb项目必须的外,还需要一个实体类(entity)。

3、实现数据库的连接

  需要在MySQL中创建所需数据库,并将表建好。

  

  

 

  在dao下新建一个DBConn类用来处理对数据进行连接。 这是MySQL的连接方式

   

package dao;

import java.sql.Connection;
import java.sql.DriverManager;
import java.sql.ResultSet;
import java.sql.SQLException;
import java.sql.Statement;

public class DBUtil {
    //eshop为数据库名称,db_user为数据库用户名db_password为数据库密码
    public static String db_url = "jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/eshop?useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=UTF-8&serverTimezone=GMT";
    public static String db_user = "数据库用户名";
    public static String db_password = "数据库密码";

    public static Connection getConn() {
        Connection conn = null;
        try {
            Class.forName("com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver");
            conn = DriverManager.getConnection(db_url, db_user, db_password);
            System.out.println("连接成功");
        } catch (Exception e) {
            System.out.println("连接失败");
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        return conn;
    }
    
    public static void close(Statement state, Connection conn) {
        if(state!=null) {
            try {
                state.close();
            } catch (SQLException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();    
            }
        }    
        if(conn!=null) {
            try {
                conn.close();
            } catch (SQLException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
    }
    
    public static void close(ResultSet rs, Statement state, Connection conn) {
        if(rs!=null) {
            try {
                rs.close();
            } catch (SQLException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
        if(state!=null) {
            try {
                state.close();
            } catch (SQLException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
        if(conn!=null) {
            try {
                conn.close();
            } catch (SQLException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
    }
}

4、建立实体类

 在entity包下创建School实体类(实体类中的对象对应数据库表中的字段数据)

package entity;

public class School{
    private String classname;
    private String classteacher;
    private String classplace;
    
    public String getclassname() {
        return classname;
    }
    public void setclassname(String classname) {
        this.classname=classname;
    }
    
    public String getclassteacher() {
        return classteacher;
    }
    public void setclassteacher(String classteacher) {
        this.classteacher=classteacher;
    }
    
    public String getclassplace() {
        return classplace;
    }
    public void setclassplace(String classplace) {
        this.classplace=classplace;
    }
}

5、实现增删改查方法

创建方法类,这里有两种方法

1:在dao包中创建一个SchoolDao接口,里面写增删改查的方法,再在dao中创建SchoolDaoImpl类来实现接口,并实现之中的方法。

SchoolDao接口:

package dao;

import java.util.List;

import entity.School;

public interface SchoolDao {
    public boolean add(School school) ;
    public List<School>select();
    public boolean update(String classname,String classteacher,String classplace);
    public boolean delete(String classname);
    public List<School>selectclassname(String classname);

}

SchoolDaoImpl类(包含增删改查操作):

package dao;

import java.sql.Connection;
import java.sql.PreparedStatement;
import java.sql.ResultSet;
import java.sql.SQLException;
import java.sql.Statement;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;

import entity.School;

public class SchoolDaoImpl implements SchoolDao{
    Connection conn=(Connection)DBUtil.getConn();
    @Override
public boolean add(School school) {
    
    boolean flag=false;
    
    try {
        String sql="insert into school values(\'"+school.getclassname()+"\',\'"+school.getclassteacher()+"\',\'"+school.getclassplace()+"\')";
        PreparedStatement pstmt = conn.prepareStatement(sql);
        int i = pstmt.executeUpdate();
        pstmt.close();
        conn.close();
        if(i>0) {
            flag = true;
        }

    }catch(SQLException e) {
        e.printStackTrace();
    }
    return flag;    
}
    @Override
public List<School> select(){
    List<School> list = new ArrayList<School>();
    try {
        String sql="select * from school";
        PreparedStatement pstmt = conn.prepareStatement(sql);
        ResultSet rs = pstmt.executeQuery();
        while(rs.next()) {
            School school=new School();
            school.setclassname(rs.getString("classname"));
            school.setclassteacher(rs.getString("classteacher"));
            school.setclassplace(rs.getString("classplace"));
            list.add(school);
        }
        rs.close();
        pstmt.close();
        conn.close();

    }catch(SQLException e) {
        e.printStackTrace();
    }
    
    return list;
}
    @Override
public List<School>selectclassname(String classname){
    List<School> list = new ArrayList<School>();
    try {
        String sql="select * from school where classname=?";
        PreparedStatement pstmt = conn.prepareStatement(sql);
        pstmt.setString(1,classname );
        ResultSet rs = pstmt.executeQuery();
        while(rs.next()) {
            School school=new School();
            school.setclassname(rs.getString("classname"));
            school.setclassteacher(rs.getString("classteacher"));
            school.setclassplace(rs.getString("classplace"));
            list.add(school);
        }
        rs.close();
        pstmt.close();
        conn.close();
    }catch(SQLException e) {
        e.printStackTrace();
    }
    return list;
    
}



    @Override
public boolean delete(String classname) {
boolean flag=false;
try {
    String sql="delete from school where classname=\'"+classname+"\'";
    PreparedStatement pstmt = conn.prepareStatement(sql);
    int i = pstmt.executeUpdate();
    pstmt.close();
    conn.close();
    if(i>0) flag = true;
}catch(SQLException e) {
    System.out.println("删除失败");    
    e.printStackTrace();
}

return flag;

}
    public boolean update(String classname,String classteacher,String classplace) {
        
            boolean flag=false;
            try {
                String sql="update school set classteacher=\'"+classteacher+"\',classplace=\'"+classplace+"\' where classname=\'"+classname+"\'";
                PreparedStatement pstmt = conn.prepareStatement(sql);
                int i = pstmt.executeUpdate();
                pstmt.close();
                conn.close();
                if(i>0)flag = true;
            }catch(SQLException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }

            return flag;
            
    }

}

2:在service包中创建StudentService类,在dao包中创建StudentDao类来实现StudentService类中的方法。(具体操作以后更新)

 

6、实现servelet和对应jsp页面

Servlet有两种方式创建,一种手工创建。另一种程序自动生成。前者自己创建java类,实现Servlet具体内容,然后需要去WEB_INF下的web.xml去配置servlet  . 而后者则直接由程序替我们配置好了Servlet

1:增

  创建SchoolAddServlet

  

package SchoolAddServlet;

import java.io.IOException;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;

import dao.SchoolDao;
import dao.SchoolDaoImpl;
import entity.School;


@WebServlet("/SchoolAddServlet")
public class SchoolAddServlet extends HttpServlet {
    private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;

     
    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
            throws ServletException, IOException {
        request.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");
        response.setContentType("text/html;charset=utf-8");
        
        String classname=request.getParameter("classname");
        String classteacher=request.getParameter("classteacher");
        String classplace=request.getParameter("classplace");
        School Subject =new School();
        Subject.setclassname(classname);
        Subject.setclassteacher(classteacher);
        Subject.setclassplace(classplace);
        
        SchoolDao sd = new SchoolDaoImpl();
        try{
            sd.add(Subject);
            response.sendRedirect(request.getContextPath() + "/school.jsp");

        }catch(Exception e){
            System.out.println("添加失败");
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        
    }


}

 

  schooladd.jsp页面部分

  

<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"
    pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>Insert title here</title>
</head>
<body>
<div id="addSubjectForm" align="center">
<form action="SchoolAddServlet" method="post">
<tr>
    <td>课程名称:</td>
    <td><input type="text" name="classname" size="20"></td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
    <td>任课老师:</td>
    <td><input type="text" name="classteacher" size="20"></td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
    <td>上课地点:</td>
    <td><input type="text" name="classplace" size="20"></td>
    </tr>
<tr>
                      <td colspan="2"><div align="center">
                        <input type="submit" value="录入">    
                    </div>
                </td>
                  </tr>
                  </form>
                  </div>
                  
</body>
</html>

 

action=“SchoolAddServlet”为SubjectAddServlet在web.xml中的URL目录,即在Servlet中的主类名称
当在servlet中完成的操作需要获取页面表单等的数据时,需要在页面中指向对应的servlet。

2、删

  创建SchoolDeleteServlet类

  

package SchoolDeleteServlet;

import java.io.IOException;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;

import dao.SchoolDao;
import dao.SchoolDaoImpl;
import entity.School;


@WebServlet("/SchoolDelete")
public class SchoolDelete extends HttpServlet {
    private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
       
    public void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
            throws ServletException, IOException {
        doPost(request, response);
    }
 
    
    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
            throws ServletException, IOException {
        request.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");
        response.setContentType("text/html;charset=utf-8");
        
        String classname = request.getParameter("classname");
        /*String classteacher=request.getParameter("classteacher");
        String classplace=request.getParameter("classplace");*/
        School school=new School();
        school.setclassname(classname);
        /*school.setclassteacher(classteacher);
        school.setclassplace(classplace);
        */
        SchoolDao sd = new SchoolDaoImpl();
        try {
            sd.delete(classname);
            response.sendRedirect(request.getContextPath() + "/school.jsp");
        }catch(Exception e) {
            System.out.println("删除失败");
            e.printStackTrace();
        }

}
}

 

  schooldelete.jsp页面

  

<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"
    pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>Insert title here</title>
</head>
<body>
<div id="addSubjectForm" align="center">
<form action="SchoolDelete" method="post">
<tr>
    <td>课程名称:</td>
    <td><input type="text" name="classname" size="20"></td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
    <td>任课老师:</td>
    <td><input type="text" name="classteacher" size="20"></td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
    <td>上课地点:</td>
    <td><input type="text" name="classplace" size="20"></td>
    </tr>
<tr>
                      <td colspan="2"><div align="center">
                        <input type="submit" value="删除">    
                    </div>
                </td>
                  </tr>
                  </form>
                  </div>
</body>
</html>

 

3、改

  创建SchoolUpdate

  

package SchoolUpdate;

import java.io.IOException;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;

import dao.SchoolDao;
import dao.SchoolDaoImpl;
import entity.School;


@WebServlet("/SchoolUpdate")
public class SchoolUpdate extends HttpServlet {
    private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        request.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");
        response.setContentType("text/html;charset=utf-8");
        String classname=request.getParameter("classname");
        String classteacher=request.getParameter("classteacher");
        String classplace=request.getParameter("classplace");
        
        
        SchoolDao sd = new SchoolDaoImpl();
        try{
            sd.update(classname,classteacher,classplace);
            response.sendRedirect(request.getContextPath() + "/school.jsp");

        }catch(Exception e){
            System.out.println("更新失败");
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        
    }

}

 

  schoolupdate.jsp页面

  

<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"
    pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>Insert title here</title>
</head>
<body>
<div id="addSubjectForm" align="center">
<form action="SchoolUpdate" method="post">
<tr>
    <td>课程名称:</td>
    <td><input type="text" name="classname" size="20"></td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
    <td>任课老师:</td>
    <td><input type="text" name="classteacher" size="20"></td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
    <td>上课地点:</td>
    <td><input type="text" name="classplace" size="20"></td>
    </tr>
<tr>
                      <td colspan="2"><div align="center">
                        <input type="submit" value="更改">    
                    </div>
                </td>
                  </tr>
                  </form>
                  </div>
</body>
</html>

 

4、查

  这里需要完成两个查询(查询返回列表;查询返回列表详细)

  查询返回列表:

  SchoolSelect类

  

package SchoolSelect;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.List;

import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;

import dao.SchoolDao;
import dao.SchoolDaoImpl;
import entity.School;


@WebServlet("/SchoolSelect")
public class SchoolSelect extends HttpServlet {
    private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
  
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        request.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");
        response.setContentType("text/html;charset=utf-8");

        SchoolDao sd = new SchoolDaoImpl();
        List<School> list = sd.select();
        request.setAttribute("list", list);
        request.getRequestDispatcher("/schoolselect.jsp").forward(request, response);

    
        
    }

    public void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
            throws ServletException, IOException {
        doGet(request, response);
    }


}

注意:当不需要页面的参数时,页面由servlet引出

转发(request.getRequestDispatcher().forward();)和重定向(response.sendRedirect();)区别:

(1).重定向的执行过程:Web服务器向浏览器发送一个http响应--》浏览器接受此响应后再发送一个新的http请求到服务器--》服务器根据此请求寻找资源并发送给浏览器。它可以重定向到任意URL,不能共享request范围内的数据。
(2).重定向是在客户端发挥作用,通过新的地址实现页面转向。
(3).重定向是通过浏览器重新请求地址,在地址栏中可以显示转向后的地址。
(4).转发过程:Web服务器调用内部方法在容器内部完成请求和转发动作--》将目标资源发送给浏览器,它只能在同一个Web应用中使用,可以共享request范围内的数据。
(5).转发是在服务器端发挥作用,通过forward()方法将提交信息在多个页面间进行传递。
(6).转发是在服务器内部控制权的转移,客户端浏览器的地址栏不会显示出转向后的地址。

  

 

  schoolselect.jsp页面

  

<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"
    pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>Insert title here</title>
</head>
<body>
<
<div id="manageSubject" align="center"><!--查看试题-->
            <table width="95%" cellspacing="10">
                  <tr align="center">
                    <td>课程名称</td>
                    <td><input type="text" name="classname" size="20"></td>
                    <td>任课老师</td>
                    <td><input type="text" name="classname" size="20"></td>
                    <td>上课地点</td>
                    <td><input type="text" name="classname" size="20"></td>
                         </tr>
                  
                       
                      
                    <c:forEach var="u" items="${list }">
                        <tr align="center">
                            <td>${u.classname}</td>
                            <td><a href="SchoolSelectclassname?subjectID=${u.classname }">查看</a></td>
                        </tr>
                    </c:forEach>
                 
            </table>
        </div>

</body>
</html>

注意:

这里的顺序是,先访问的是SubjectListServlet,在转发到此页面,此页面的查看和删除又通过对应的servlet来实现对应的功能。

  查询返回列表详细:

  创建Schoolselectclassname

  

package SchoolSelect;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.List;

import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;

import dao.SchoolDao;
import dao.SchoolDaoImpl;
import entity.School;

/**
 * Servlet implementation class SchoolSelectclassname
 */
@WebServlet("/SchoolSelectclassname")
public class SchoolSelectclassname extends HttpServlet {
    private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
       

    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        request.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");
        response.setContentType("text/html;charset=utf-8");
        
        SchoolDao sd = new SchoolDaoImpl();
        List<School> list = sd.selectclassname(request.getParameter("classname"));
        request.setAttribute("list", list);
        request.getRequestDispatcher("/schoolshow.jsp").forward(request, response);


    }

    public void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
            throws ServletException, IOException {
        doGet(request, response);
        
    }


}

注意:

这个查询方法需要通过限制条件classname来查询,不然显示出来的是所有的数据

 

  schoolshow.jsp页面

  

<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"
    pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>Insert title here</title>
</head>
<body>

<div id="schoolshow" align="center"><!--显示试题-->
            <table border="0" cellspacing="10" cellpadding="0">
                  <c:forEach var="u" items="${list }">
                  <tr>
                    <td>课程名称:</td>
                    <td>${u.classname }</td>
                </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>任课老师:</td>
                    <td>${u.classteacher }</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>上课地点:</td>
                    <td>${u.classplace }</td>
                  </tr>
                   
                  </c:forEach>
            </table>
            </div>

</body>
</html>

注意:

页面同样运用的是EL和jstl表达式

 

 

school.jsp主页面

<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"
    pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>Insert title here</title>
</head>
<body>

<div id="addSubjectForm" align="center">
                <form action="SubjectAddServlet" method="post">
                <tr>
                <td>课程基本信息管理系统 </td></tr>
                <ul>
                <li><a href="http://localhost:8080/School/schooladd.jsp">课程信息录入 </a></li>
                <li><a href="http://localhost:8080/School/schoolupdate.jsp">课程信息修改  </a></li>
                <li><a href="http://localhost:8080/School/schooldelete.jsp">删除课程信息  </a></li>
                <li><a href="http://localhost:8080/School/schoolselect.jsp">查询课程信息  </a></li>
                </ul>
                </form>
</body>
</html>