华为HCNP实验 防火墙安全区域及安全策略配置（USG6000）

时间：2024-02-19 16:38:44
防火墙安全区域及安全策略配置
 

一、学习目的

  • 掌握防火墙安全区域的配置方法
  • 掌握安全策略的配置方法
 

二、拓扑图

 
 

 

 
 

三、场景

你是公司的网络管理员。公司总部的网络分成了三个区域，包括内部区域（trust),外部区域（untrust）和服务器区域（DMZ）。你设计通过防火墙来实现对数据的控制，确保公司内部网络安全，并通过DMZ区域对外网提供服务器。
 

四、学习任务

 

步骤一、登陆防火墙

 
An initial password is required for the first login via the console.
Set a password and keep it safe. Otherwise you will not be able to login via the console.
 
Please configure the login password (8-16)
Enter Password:admin@123
 
Confirm Password:admin@123
 
Warning: The authentication mode was changed to password authentication and the user level was changed to 15 on con0 at the first user login.
Warning: There is a risk on the user-interface which you login through. Please change the configuration of the user-interface as soon as possible.
 
*************************************************************************
* Copyright (C) 2014-2015 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. *
* All rights reserved. *
* Without the owner\'s prior written consent, *
* no decompiling or reverse-engineering shall be allowed. *
*************************************************************************
 
 
<USG6000V1>
 
 
 
 
 
 

步骤二、根据拓扑图对设备进行基本配置与IP编址

 
给路由器和防火墙配置地址，并配置静态路由，在交换机上配置vlan
 
配置R1：
sys
sysname R1
interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/1
ip add 10.0.10.1 24
int lo0
ip add 10.0.1.1 24
ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 10.0.10.254
 
配置R2：
 
 
sys
sysname R2
interface g0/0/1
ip address 10.0.20.1 24
int LoopBack0
ip add 10.0.2.2 24
ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 10.0.20.254
 
 
[R2]interface g0/0/1
[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip address 10.0.20.1 24
[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]int LoopBack0
[R2-LoopBack0]ip add 10.0.2.2 24
[R2-LoopBack0]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 10.0.20.254
[R2]dis ip int br
*down: administratively down
^down: standby
(l): loopback
(s): spoofing
The number of interface that is UP in Physical is 3
The number of interface that is DOWN in Physical is 2
The number of interface that is UP in Protocol is 3
The number of interface that is DOWN in Protocol is 2
 
Interface IP Address/Mask Physical Protocol
GigabitEthernet0/0/0 unassigned down down
GigabitEthernet0/0/1 10.0.20.1/24 up up
GigabitEthernet0/0/2 unassigned down down
LoopBack0 10.0.2.2/24 up up(s)
NULL0 unassigned up up(s)
[R2]dis ip rou
[R2]dis ip routing-table
Route Flags: R - relay, D - download to fib
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Routing Tables: Public
Destinations : 11 Routes : 11
 
Destination/Mask Proto Pre Cost Flags NextHop Interface
 
0.0.0.0/0 Static 60 0 RD 10.0.20.254 GigabitEthernet0/0/1
10.0.2.0/24 Direct 0 0 D 10.0.2.2 LoopBack0
10.0.2.2/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 LoopBack0
10.0.2.255/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 LoopBack0
10.0.20.0/24 Direct 0 0 D 10.0.20.1 GigabitEthernet0/0/1
10.0.20.1/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 GigabitEthernet0/0/1
10.0.20.255/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 GigabitEthernet0/0/1
127.0.0.0/8 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 InLoopBack0
127.0.0.1/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 InLoopBack0
127.255.255.255/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 InLoopBack0
255.255.255.255/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 InLoopBack0
 
配置R3：
<R3>sys
Enter system view, return user view with Ctrl+Z.
[R3]sysname R3
[R3]int g0/0/1
[R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip add 10.0.30.1 24
Mar 14 2018 23:27:26-08:00 R3 %%01IFNET/4/LINK_STATE(l)[0]:The line protocol IP on the interface GigabitEthernet0/0/1 has entered the UP state. int LoopBack0
[R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]
[R3-LoopBack0]ip add 10.0.3.3 24
[R3-LoopBack0]quit
[R3]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 10.0.30.254
 
防火墙默认会启用GigabitEthernet0/0/0接口的IP地址，为避免干扰可以删除。
在FW上配置明确的静态路由，实现三个loopback0接口网段之间路由畅通
 
FW1配置IP和路由如下：
 
sys
sysname FW1
int g0/0/0
undo ip address
quit
int g1/0/0
ip add 10.0.10.254 24
int g1/0/1
ip add 10.0.20.254 24
int g1/0/2
ip add 10.0.30.254 24
ip route-static 10.0.1.0 24 10.0.10.1
ip route-static 10.0.2.0 24 10.0.20.1
ip route-static 10.0.3.0 24 10.0.30.1
 
交换机上需要按照需求定义VLAN
 
交换机上的配置如下：
sys
sysname SW1
 
vlan batch 10 20 30
int g0/0/1
port link-type access
port default vlan 10
int g0/0/21
port link-type access
port default vlan 10
 
int g0/0/2
port link-type access
port default vlan 20
int g0/0/22
port link-type access
port default vlan 20
 
int g0/0/3
port link-type access
port default vlan 30
 
int g0/0/23
port link-type access
port default vlan 30
 

步骤三、配置防火墙区域

 
防火墙上默认有四个区域分别是：local、trust、untrust、dmz
实验中我们使用到trust、untrust、dmz三个区域，分别将对应接口加入各安全区域，由于默认配置将
g0/0/0加入了trust区域为避免干扰，将其删除；
 
FW1上配置脚本如下：
 
sys
firewall zone dmz
add interface g1/0/2
quit
 
firewall zone trust
add interface g1/0/1
undo add interface g0/0/0
quit
 
firewall zone untrust
add interface g1/0/0
quit
检查各接口所在的区域：
 
[FW1]dis zone interface
local
interface of the zone is (0):
 
trust
interface of the zone is (1):
GigabitEthernet1/0/1
#
untrust
interface of the zone is (1):
GigabitEthernet1/0/0
#
dmz
interface of the zone is (1):
GigabitEthernet1/0/2
#
 

可以看到三个接口已经被划分到相应的区域内，默认情况 下不同区域是不可互通的，因此，此时各路由器之间流量是无法通过的，需要配置区域间的安全策略放行允许通过的流量

 
 

步骤四、配置安全策略

 
 

USG6000默认情况下只有0口是可以允许所有服务的。那么如果想在其他端口开启相应的服务，需要在相应端口下面输入相应命令

 
3.1、配置允许从local ping通trust区域
 
配置前测试从local区域到trust区域连通性：
[FW1-policy-security]ping 10.0.20.1
PING 10.0.20.1: 56 data bytes, press CTRL_C to break
Request time out
Request time out
Request time out
Request time out
Request time out
 
--- 10.0.20.1 ping statistics ---
5 packet(s) transmitted
0 packet(s) received
100.00% packet loss
 
配置安全策略脚本：
sys
security-policy
rule name lo_to_tr
source-zone local
destination-zone trust
source-address 10.0.20.0 mask 255.255.255.0
action permit
quit
 
检查验证：
[FW1-policy-security]dis this
#
security-policy
rule name lo_to_tr
source-zone local
destination-zone trust
source-address 10.0.20.0 24
action permit
#
return
[FW1-policy-security]
[FW1-policy-security]
[FW1-policy-security]ping 10.0.20.1
PING 10.0.20.1: 56 data bytes, press CTRL_C to break
Reply from 10.0.20.1: bytes=56 Sequence=1 ttl=255 time=27 ms
Reply from 10.0.20.1: bytes=56 Sequence=2 ttl=255 time=43 ms
Mar 15 2018 12:21:21 FW1 DS/4/DATASYNC_CFGCHANGE:OID 1.3.6.1.4.1.2011.5.25.191.3.1 configurations have been changed. The current change number is 49, the change loop count is 0, and the maximum number of records is 4095.
Reply from 10.0.20.1: bytes=56 Sequence=3 ttl=255 time=40 ms
Reply from 10.0.20.1: bytes=56 Sequence=4 ttl=255 time=40 ms
Reply from 10.0.20.1: bytes=56 Sequence=5 ttl=255 time=43 ms
 
--- 10.0.20.1 ping statistics ---
5 packet(s) transmitted
5 packet(s) received
0.00% packet loss
round-trip min/avg/max = 27/38/43 ms
 
3.2、配置策略允许trust区域能ping通防火墙本地
配置前从trust区域ping防火墙：
[R2]ping 10.0.20.254
PING 10.0.20.254: 56 data bytes, press CTRL_C to break
Request time out
Request time out
Request time out
Request time out
Request time out
 
--- 10.0.20.254 ping statistics ---
5 packet(s) transmitted
0 packet(s) received
100.00% packet loss
流量不通
 
如何配置才能通呢？
如下：
 
interface g1/0/1
service-manage ping permit
 
测试OK：
[R2]ping 10.0.20.254
PING 10.0.20.254: 56 data bytes, press CTRL_C to break
Reply from 10.0.20.254: bytes=56 Sequence=1 ttl=255 time=30 ms
Reply from 10.0.20.254: bytes=56 Sequence=2 ttl=255 time=30 ms
Reply from 10.0.20.254: bytes=56 Sequence=3 ttl=255 time=50 ms
Reply from 10.0.20.254: bytes=56 Sequence=4 ttl=255 time=30 ms
Reply from 10.0.20.254: bytes=56 Sequence=5 ttl=255 time=50 ms
 
--- 10.0.20.254 ping statistics ---
5 packet(s) transmitted
5 packet(s) received
0.00% packet loss
round-trip min/avg/max = 30/38/50 ms
 
3.3、配置从trust区域的网段10.0.2.0和10.0.20.0发往untrust区域的数据包被放行，、
 
配置脚本如下：
sys
security-policy
rule name tr_to_un
source-zone trust
destination-zone untrust
source-address 10.0.2.0 24
source-address 10.0.20.0 24
action permit
 
验证结果：
[FW1]dis security-policy rule tr_to_un
(1 times matched)
rule name tr_to_un
source-zone trust
destination-zone untrust
source-address 10.0.2.0 24
source-address 10.0.20.0 24
action permit
[R2]ping -a 10.0.2.2 10.0.1.1
PING 10.0.1.1: 56 data bytes, press CTRL_C to break
Reply from 10.0.1.1: bytes=56 Sequence=1 ttl=254 time=60 ms
Reply from 10.0.1.1: bytes=56 Sequence=2 ttl=254 time=80 ms
Reply from 10.0.1.1: bytes=56 Sequence=3 ttl=254 time=90 ms
Reply from 10.0.1.1: bytes=56 Sequence=4 ttl=254 time=90 ms
Reply from 10.0.1.1: bytes=56 Sequence=5 ttl=254 time=70 ms
 
--- 10.0.1.1 ping statistics ---
5 packet(s) transmitted
5 packet(s) received
0.00% packet loss
round-trip min/avg/max = 60/78/90 ms
 
3.3、 配置从untrust区域发往DMZ目标服务器10.0.3.3的telnet和FTP请求被放行
 
配置脚本如下：
 
sys
security-policy
rule name un_to_dmz
source-zone untrust
destination-zone dmz
destination-address 10.0.3.3 32
service telnet
service ftp
service icmp
action permit
 
验证：
 
<R1>ping 10.0.3.3
PING 10.0.3.3: 56 data bytes, press CTRL_C to break
Reply from 10.0.3.3: bytes=56 Sequence=1 ttl=254 time=100 ms
Reply from 10.0.3.3: bytes=56 Sequence=2 ttl=254 time=80 ms
Reply from 10.0.3.3: bytes=56 Sequence=3 ttl=254 time=70 ms
Reply from 10.0.3.3: bytes=56 Sequence=4 ttl=254 time=70 ms
Reply from 10.0.3.3: bytes=56 Sequence=5 ttl=254 time=70 ms
 
--- 10.0.3.3 ping statistics ---
5 packet(s) transmitted
5 packet(s) received
0.00% packet loss
round-trip min/avg/max = 70/78/100 ms
 
<R1>tel
<R1>telnet 10.0.3.3
Press CTRL_] to quit telnet mode
Trying 10.0.3.3 ...
Connected to 10.0.3.3 ...
 
Login authentication
 
 
Username:zhi
Password:
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
User last login information:
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Access Type: Telnet
IP-Address : 10.0.10.1
Time : 2018-03-15 21:08:28-08:00
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 

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