安装Ubuntu服务器版
1、点击 “开启此虚拟机”，开始安装。
2、默认选择English，英文版安装，直接按Enter键即可。
3、默认选择“Install Ubuntu Server”，安装ubuntu服务器版。
4、继续默认项“English”
5、国家或地区我们选择 “Other”--> "Asia" --> "China"
6、继续默认项
7、是否检测键盘布局，我们选择“No”
8、键盘布局所属国家：English ；键盘布局：English 。两项都是默认即可。
9、设置主机名字，根据自己的需要来，然后按“↓”选择“Continue”，继续。
10、创建新用户：输入新用户全名（注意：不是登录账号，相当于描述）
11、设置账户名（该账户名是用来登录的），我默认和上一项一致。
12、设置密码和再次填入密码
13、是否使用强度弱的密码，我选择“Yes”
14、是否加密主目录，选择“No”
15、时区是否正确，这里显示的事哈尔滨，我们先选择“Yes”。系统安装好之后我们可以更改为上海。
16、磁盘分区，默认为第二个选项，但为了简单省事，我选择了第一个
17、选择分区，这里只有一个，我们选择默认即可。
18、是否将变更写入硬盘，我们选择“Yes”
19、“如果您需要用HTTP代理来链接外部网咯，请在这里输入代理的信息。否则，请置空。”
这里我置空，然后继续。
20、稍等片刻之后，出现下面界面，选择更新方式，我们选择不自动更新
21、我选择把OpenSSH server安装上，按空格选中，然后按“Enter”键确认继续
22、将GRUB安装至硬盘？我们默认选择“Yes”
23、默认继续，系统会自动重启，然后进入登录界面。
24、登录界面，至此，Ubuntu服务器版基本安装完成。
更换阿里云的源 下载会快一些：
修改阿里源为Ubuntu 18.04默认的源 备份/etc/apt/sources.list #备份 cp /etc/apt/sources.list /etc/apt/sources.list.bak 在/etc/apt/sources.list文件前面添加如下条目 #添加阿里源 deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse 最后执行如下命令更新源 ##更新 sudo apt-get update sudo apt-get upgrade 另外其他几个国内源如下： 中科大源 ##中科大源 deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse 163源 ##163源 deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse 清华源 ##清华源 deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
Ubuntu 默认不提供ssh服务：
也就是说无法用 Xshell 连接
1、安装ssh服务 sudo apt-get install openssh-server 2、修改配置文件 sudo vi /etc/ssh/sshd_config #PermitRootLogin without-password #注释掉这行 PermitRootLogin yes #增加这行 #重启服务 /etc/init.d/ssh restart