想在微站里面实现分享帖子给朋友和朋友圈,显示图片和简介,就这么简单的功能折腾了1星期。。。主要是微信官方文档没看清楚,怪自己了。
官方文档在这里,https://mp.weixin.qq.com/wiki/7/aaa137b55fb2e0456bf8dd9148dd613f.html
参考 http://www.cnblogs.com/stoneniqiu/p/6286599.html 这篇文章。
遇到invalid signature签名错误。找了半天,各种调试,终于找到问题了,每个新闻的id是变动的,
url需要传入完整的地址,在微信官方手册里面查到的。
比如页面是http://www.baidu.com/wx.aspx?id=111,需要完整传入,不能仅仅在url里面传入http://www.baidu.com/wx.aspx
下面是 stoneniqiu 的具体做法,大家可以参考一下。
内嵌在微信中的网页,右上角都会有一个默认的分享功能。如下图所示,第一个为自定义的效果,第二个为默认的效果。实现了自定义的分享链接是不是更让人有点击的欲望?下面讲解下开发的过程。
一、准备,设置js接口安全域名
这需要使用微信的jssdk,先需要在微信公众号后台进行设置:公众号设置-->功能设置-->JS接口安全域名。打开这个页面之后你会看到下面的提示。需要先下载这个文件并上传到指定域名的根目录。
这个文件里面是一个字符串,从名称看是用来校验用的。先上传了这个文件,你才能保存成功。这样你就可以使用jssdk了。
二、前端配置
首先要说明的是分享功能是一个配置功能,绑定在按钮的click事件中是没有效果的。也就是说只有点击右上角的分享才有效果(有的文字内容分享不知道是怎么实现的)。官方的js有四个步骤,首先是引入jssdk:
<script src="http://res.wx.qq.com/open/js/jweixin-1.1.0.js"></script>
根据官方的配置参数,我们可以定义一个WXShareModel对象:
public class WXShareModel { public string appId { get; set; } public string nonceStr { get; set; } public long timestamp { get; set; } public string signature { get; set; } public string ticket { get; set; } public string url { get; set; } public void MakeSign() { var string1Builder = new StringBuilder(); string1Builder.Append("jsapi_ticket=").Append(ticket).Append("&") .Append("noncestr=").Append(nonceStr).Append("&") .Append("timestamp=").Append(timestamp).Append("&") .Append("url=").Append(url.IndexOf("#") >= 0 ? url.Substring(0, url.IndexOf("#")) : url); var string1 = string1Builder.ToString(); signature = Util.Sha1(string1, Encoding.Default); } }
然后是进行配置:
wx.config({ debug: true, // 开启调试模式,调用的所有api的返回值会在客户端alert出来,若要查看传入的参数,可以在pc端打开,参数信息会通过log打出,仅在pc端时才会打印。 appId: \'@Model.appId\', // 必填,公众号的唯一标识 timestamp: \'@Model.timestamp\', // 必填,生成签名的时间戳 nonceStr: \'@Model.nonceStr\', // 必填,生成签名的随机串 signature: \'@Model.signature\',// 必填,签名,见附录1 jsApiList: ["checkJsApi", "onMenuShareTimeline", "onMenuShareAppMessage", "onMenuShareQQ", "onMenuShareQZone"] // 必填,需要使用的JS接口列表,所有JS接口列表见附录2 }); wx.ready(function () { document.querySelector(\'#checkJsApi\').onclick = function () { wx.checkJsApi({ jsApiList: [ \'getNetworkType\', \'previewImage\' ], success: function (res) { alert(JSON.stringify(res)); } }); }; //朋友圈 wx.onMenuShareTimeline({ title: \'暖木科技\', // 分享标题 link: \'http://www.warmwood.com/home/lampindex\', // 分享链接 imgUrl: \'http://www.warmwood.com/images/s1.jpg\', success: function (res) { alert(\'已分享\'); }, cancel: function (res) { alert(\'已取消\'); }, fail: function (res) { alert(JSON.stringify(res)); } }); //朋友 wx.onMenuShareAppMessage({ title: \'暖木科技\', // 分享标题 desc: \'宝宝的睡眠很重要,你的睡眠也很重要\', // 分享描述 link: \'http://www.warmwood.com/home/lampindex\', // 分享链接 imgUrl: \'http://www.warmwood.com/images/s1.jpg\', // 分享图标 type: \'\', // 分享类型,music、video或link,不填默认为link dataUrl: \'\', // 如果type是music或video,则要提供数据链接,默认为空 success: function () { // 用户确认分享后执行的回调函数 alert("分享"); }, cancel: function () { // 用户取消分享后执行的回调函数 alert("取消分享"); } }); });
然后剩下就是后端的事情了。后端的关键是获取access_token和jsapi_ticket以及生成正确的签名。另外如果要统计分享的数量,最好就是在success方法中进行统计了。
三、生成签名
1.access_token
获取access_token方法全平台都是一致的。
public const string AccessTokenUrl = "https://api.weixin.qq.com/cgi-bin/token?grant_type=client_credential&appid={0}&secret={1}";
public TokenResult GetAccessToken() { var url = string.Format(WxDeviceConfig.AccessTokenUrl, WxDeviceConfig.AppId, WxDeviceConfig.APPSECRET); var res = SendHelp.Send<TokenResult>(null, url, null, CommonJsonSendType.GET); return res; }
access_token的超时时间是7200秒,所以先可以缓存起来。SendHelp文章末尾可下载
2.获取jsapi_ticket
access_token的作用就是为了获取jsapi_ticket。用get方式获取,url:https://api.weixin.qq.com/cgi-bin/ticket/getticket?access_token=ACCESS_TOKEN&type=jsapi,返回的JSON对象如下。
{ "errcode":0, "errmsg":"ok", "ticket":"bxLdikRXVbTPdHSM05e5u5sUoXNKd8-41ZO3MhKoyN5OfkWITDGgnr2fwJ0m9E8NYzWKVZvdVtaUgWvsdshFKA", "expires_in":7200 }
所以可以定义一个模型:
public class jsapiTicketModel { public string errcode { get; set; } public string errmsg { get; set; } public string ticket { get; set; } public string expires_in { get; set; } }
再完成获取ticket的方法:
public jsapiTicketModel GetJsApiTicket(string accessToken) { var url = string.Format(WxPayConfig.Jsapi_ticketUrl, accessToken); return SendHelp.Send<jsapiTicketModel>(accessToken, url, "", CommonJsonSendType.GET); }
ticket过期时间也是7200秒,并且不能频繁的请求,所以也需要再服务端缓存起来。
private void setCacheTicket(string cache) { _cacheManager.Set(tokenKey, cache, 7200); }
MemoryCacheManager:
3.签名
终于到这一步了,然后你在文档中看到让你失望的一幕:
么有C#的demo,支付那边都提供了,为啥jssdk没有提供,好吧先不吐槽了。官方也说明白签名的规则。一开始我使用的是https://github.com/night-king/weixinSDK中的签名:
public static string Sha1(string orgStr, string encode = "UTF-8") { var sha1 = new SHA1Managed(); var sha1bytes = System.Text.Encoding.GetEncoding(encode).GetBytes(orgStr); byte[] resultHash = sha1.ComputeHash(sha1bytes); string sha1String = BitConverter.ToString(resultHash).ToLower(); sha1String = sha1String.Replace("-", ""); return sha1String; }//错误示例
得出的结果和官方校验的不一致,一直提示签名错误。
正确的写法是:
public static string Sha1(string orgStr, Encoding encode) { SHA1 sha1 = new SHA1CryptoServiceProvider(); byte[] bytes_in = encode.GetBytes(orgStr); byte[] bytes_out = sha1.ComputeHash(bytes_in); sha1.Dispose(); string result = BitConverter.ToString(bytes_out); result = result.Replace("-", ""); return result; }
和官方校验的结果一直后,就ok了(忽略大小写)。另外一个需要注意的地方是签名中的url。如果页面有参数,model中的url也需要带参数,#号后面的不要。不然也是会报签名错误。
public ActionResult H5Share() { var model = new WXShareModel(); model.appId = WxPayConfig.APPID; model.nonceStr = WxPayApi.GenerateNonceStr(); model.timestamp = Util.CreateTimestamp(); model.ticket = GetTicket(); model.url = "http://www.warmwood.com/AuthWeiXin/share";// domain + Request.Url.PathAndQuery; model.MakeSign(); Logger.Debug("获取到ticket:" + model.ticket); Logger.Debug("获取到签名:" + model.signature); return View(model); }
四、小结
wx.config中的debug为true会alert各种操作结果。参数正确之后界面会提示:
至此,分享的功能就ok了。也就打开了调用其他jssdk的大门。另外文中的SendHelp对象是用的Senparc (基于.net4.5)的dll。
参考资料:
签名校验:https://mp.weixin.qq.com/debug/cgi-bin/sandbox?t=jsapisign
官方文档:https://mp.weixin.qq.com/wiki/7/aaa137b55fb2e0456bf8dd9148dd613f.html
我的核心代码
[System.Web.Services.WebMethod] public static WXShareModel GetKey(string str) { WXShareModel aModel = new WXShareModel(); WXToolsHelper tb = new WXToolsHelper(); string AppId = "你的APPID"; string secret = "你的secret"; string access_token = tb.GetAccess_Token(AppId, secret); aModel.appId = AppId; aModel.nonceStr = tb.CreatenNonce_str(); aModel.timestamp = tb.CreatenTimestamp(); aModel.ticket = tb.GetTicket(access_token); aModel.url = str; aModel.MakeSign(); return aModel; } public class WXShareModel { public string appId { get; set; } public string nonceStr { get; set; } public long timestamp { get; set; } public string ticket { get; set; } public string url { get; set; } public string signature { get; set; } public void MakeSign() { var string1Builder = new StringBuilder(); string1Builder.Append("jsapi_ticket=").Append(ticket).Append("&") .Append("noncestr=").Append(nonceStr).Append("&") .Append("timestamp=").Append(timestamp).Append("&") .Append("url=").Append(url.IndexOf("#") >= 0 ? url.Substring(0, url.IndexOf("#")) : url); var string1 = string1Builder.ToString(); signature = Sha1(string1, Encoding.Default); } public static string Sha1(string orgStr, Encoding encode) { SHA1CryptoServiceProvider sha1 = new SHA1CryptoServiceProvider(); byte[] bytes_in = encode.GetBytes(orgStr); byte[] bytes_out = sha1.ComputeHash(bytes_in); sha1.Dispose(); string result = BitConverter.ToString(bytes_out); result = result.Replace("-", ""); return result; } public class WXToolsHelper { /// <summary> /// 获取全局的access_token,程序缓存 /// </summary> /// <param name="AppId">第三方用户唯一凭证</param> /// <param name="AppSecret">第三方用户唯一凭证密钥,即appsecret</param> /// <returns>得到的全局access_token</returns> public string GetAccess_Token(string AppId, string AppSecret) { try { //先查缓存数据 if (HttpContext.Current.Cache["access_token"] != null) { return HttpContext.Current.Cache["access_token"].ToString(); } else { return GetToken(AppId, AppSecret); } } catch { return GetToken(AppId, AppSecret); } } /// <summary> /// 获取全局的access_token /// </summary> /// <param name="AppId">第三方用户唯一凭证</param> /// <param name="AppSecret">第三方用户唯一凭证密钥,即appsecret</param> /// <returns>得到的全局access_token</returns> public string GetToken(string AppId, string AppSecret) { var client = new System.Net.WebClient(); client.Encoding = System.Text.Encoding.UTF8; var url = string.Format("https://api.weixin.qq.com/cgi-bin/token?grant_type=client_credential&appid={0}&secret={1}", AppId, AppSecret); var data = client.DownloadString(url); var jss = new JavaScriptSerializer(); var access_tokenMsg = jss.Deserialize<Dictionary<string, object>>(data); //放入缓存中 HttpContext.Current.Cache.Insert("access_token", access_tokenMsg["access_token"], null, DateTime.Now.AddSeconds(7100), TimeSpan.Zero, CacheItemPriority.Normal, null); //清除jsapi_ticket缓存 HttpContext.Current.Cache.Remove("ticket"); //获取jsapi_ticket,为了同步 GetTicket(access_tokenMsg["access_token"].ToString()); return access_tokenMsg["access_token"].ToString(); } /// <summary> /// 获取jsapi_ticket,程序缓存 /// </summary> /// <param name="access_token">全局的access_token</param> /// <returns>得到的jsapi_ticket</returns> public string GetJsapi_Ticket(string access_token) { try { //先查缓存数据 if (HttpContext.Current.Cache["ticket"] != null) { return HttpContext.Current.Cache["ticket"].ToString(); } else { return GetTicket(access_token); } } catch { return GetTicket(access_token); } } /// <summary> /// 获取jsapi_ticket /// </summary> /// <param name="access_token">全局的access_token</param> /// <returns>得到的jsapi_ticket</returns> public string GetTicket(string access_token) { var client = new System.Net.WebClient(); client.Encoding = System.Text.Encoding.UTF8; var url = string.Format("https://api.weixin.qq.com/cgi-bin/ticket/getticket?access_token={0}&type=jsapi", access_token); var data = client.DownloadString(url); var jss = new JavaScriptSerializer(); var ticketMsg = jss.Deserialize<Dictionary<string, object>>(data); try { //放入缓存中 HttpContext.Current.Cache.Insert("ticket", ticketMsg["ticket"], null, DateTime.Now.AddSeconds(7100), TimeSpan.Zero, CacheItemPriority.Normal, null); return ticketMsg["ticket"].ToString(); } catch (Exception ex) { return ex.Message; } } /// <summary> /// 微信权限签名的 sha1 算法 /// 签名用的noncestr和timestamp必须与wx.config中的nonceStr和timestamp相同 /// </summary> /// <param name="jsapi_ticket">获取到的jsapi_ticket</param> /// <param name="noncestr">生成签名的随机串</param> /// <param name="timestamp">生成签名的时间戳</param> /// <param name="url">签名用的url必须是调用JS接口页面的完整URL</param> /// <returns></returns> public string GetShal(string jsapi_ticket, string noncestr, long timestamp, string url) { string strSha1 = string.Format("jsapi_ticket={0}&noncestr={1}×tamp={2}&url={3}", jsapi_ticket, noncestr, timestamp, url); return System.Web.Security.FormsAuthentication.HashPasswordForStoringInConfigFile(strSha1, "sha1").ToLower(); } /// <summary> /// 微信权限签名( sha1 算法 ) /// 签名用的noncestr和timestamp必须与wx.config中的nonceStr和timestamp相同 /// </summary> /// <param name="AppId">第三方用户唯一凭证</param> /// /// <param name="AppSecret">第三方用户唯一凭证密钥,即appsecret</param> /// <param name="noncestr">生成签名的随机串</param> /// <param name="timestamp">生成签名的时间戳</param> /// <param name="url">签名用的url必须是调用JS接口页面的完整URL</param> /// <returns></returns> public string Get_Signature(string AppId, string AppSecret, string noncestr, long timestamp, string url) { string access_token = GetAccess_Token(AppId, AppSecret); //获取全局的access_token string jsapi_ticket = GetJsapi_Ticket(access_token); //获取jsapi_ticket string strSha1 = string.Format("jsapi_ticket={0}&noncestr={1}×tamp={2}&url={3}", jsapi_ticket, noncestr, timestamp, url); return System.Web.Security.FormsAuthentication.HashPasswordForStoringInConfigFile(strSha1, "sha1").ToLower(); } /// <summary> /// 微信权限签名( sha1 算法 ) /// 签名用的noncestr和timestamp必须与wx.config中的nonceStr和timestamp相同 /// </summary> /// <param name="AppId">第三方用户唯一凭证</param> /// /// <param name="AppSecret">第三方用户唯一凭证密钥,即appsecret</param> /// <param name="noncestr">生成签名的随机串</param> /// <param name="timestamp">生成签名的时间戳</param> /// <param name="url">签名用的url必须是调用JS接口页面的完整URL</param> /// <returns></returns> public void signatureOut(string AppId, string AppSecret, string noncestr, long timestamp, string url, out string access_token, out string jsapi_ticket, out string signature) { access_token = GetAccess_Token(AppId, AppSecret); //获取全局的access_token jsapi_ticket = GetJsapi_Ticket(access_token); //获取jsapi_ticket string strSha1 = string.Format("jsapi_ticket={0}&noncestr={1}×tamp={2}&url={3}", jsapi_ticket, noncestr, timestamp, url); signature = System.Web.Security.FormsAuthentication.HashPasswordForStoringInConfigFile(strSha1, "sha1").ToLower(); } private string[] strs = new string[] { "a","b","c","d","e","f","g","h","i","j","k","l","m","n","o","p","q","r","s","t","u","v","w","x","y","z", "A","B","C","D","E","F","G","H","I","J","K","L","M","N","O","P","Q","R","S","T","U","V","W","X","Y","Z" }; /// <summary> /// 创建随机字符串 /// </summary> /// <returns></returns> public string CreatenNonce_str() { Random r = new Random(); var sb = new StringBuilder(); var length = strs.Length; for (int i = 0; i < 15; i++) { sb.Append(strs[r.Next(length - 1)]); } return sb.ToString(); } /// <summary> /// 创建时间戳 /// </summary> /// <returns></returns> public long CreatenTimestamp() { return (DateTime.Now.ToUniversalTime().Ticks - 621355968000000000) / 10000000; } }
前段调用
var strUrl = location.href.split(\'#\')[0]; $.ajax({ type: "Post", url: "config.aspx/GetKey", //方法传参的写法一定要对,strUrl为形参的名字 data: "{\'str\':\'" + strUrl + "\'}", contentType: "application/json; charset=utf-8", dataType: "json", success: function (data) { //返回的数据用data.d获取内容 $("#wx-share-sign").val(data.d.signature); wxconifg(data.d); }, error: function (err) { alert(\'55\'); } }); function wxconifg(WXDate) { wx.config({ debug: false, appId: \'你的APPID\', timestamp: WXDate.timestamp, nonceStr: WXDate.nonceStr, signature: WXDate.signature, jsApiList: ["checkJsApi", "onMenuShareTimeline", "onMenuShareAppMessage", "onMenuShareQQ", "onMenuShareQZone"] }); wx.ready(function () { wx.onMenuShareAppMessage({ title: $("#wx-share-title").val(), desc: $("#wx-share-desc").val(), link: strUrl, imgUrl: $("#wx-share-img").val(), trigger: function (res) { }, success: function (res) { }, cancel: function (res) { }, fail: function (res) { alert(JSON.stringify(res)); } }); //分享到朋友圈 wx.onMenuShareTimeline({ title: \'XX新闻|\'+$("#wx-share-desc").val(), desc: $("#wx-share-desc").val(), link: $("#wx-share-link").val(), imgUrl: $("#wx-share-img").val(), type: \'link\', dataUrl: strUrl, trigger: function (res) { }, success: function (res) { }, cancel: function (res) { }, fail: function (res) { alert(JSON.stringify(res)); } }); }); }