Matlab绘图基础——axis设置坐标轴取值范围

时间:2024-02-16 11:30:46

简介

peaks;

axis tight %Set the axis limits to equal the range of the data

axis square

axis \'auto x\' %x轴坐标上下限自动调整

axis off %Plot a surface without displaying the axes lines and background.

set(gca,\'Visible\',\'off\'); %消除坐标轴,显示范围的大小没有改变,同上句

tmp = gca;

tmp.XAxis.Visible = \'off\'; % 隐藏X轴的

% 上面一句也可以隐藏Ticks,同时Box的上端也隐藏了,这就使得图像看上去不太好看

tmp.XTick= []; % 这一句可以只隐藏Ticks

%更多特性可参考Matlab帮助文档,查找"Axes Properties"

%例一:同时设置subplot的多幅图像的axis

% Create a figure with two subplots.set the axis limits for the subplots to the same values.

x1 = linspace(0,10,100);y1 = sin(x1);

ax1 = subplot(2,1,1);plot(ax1,x1,y1)

%

x2 = linspace(0,5,100);y2 = sin(x2);

ax2 = subplot(2,1,2);plot(ax2,x2,y2);

%

axis([ax1 ax2],[0 10 -1 1])

%例二:在原图上继续作图,而不改变原坐标系的区间

x = linspace(0,10);y = sin(x);plot(x,y)

y2 = 2*sin(x);hold on

axis manual %关键步骤,冻结axis 可以对比不加该语句的结果

plot(x,y2);hold off

%例三:改变坐标系的方向(指向)

C = eye(10); pcolor(C);

colormap summer

% Reverse the coordinate system so that the y values increase from top to bottom.

axis ij; % i行,第j

% 上下两条语句等价

set(gca,\'Ydir\',\'reverse\');

% y轴默认是指向上的

实际应用:结合axis,axes,colorbar等工具,制作一个数字图像灰度统计图。

% 数据生成及展示(真实情况可以用数字图像代替)

set(groot,\'defaultAxesLineStyleOrder\',\'remove\',\'defaultAxesColorOrder\',\'remove\');

%每次使用记得清除上次设置的参数,否则设置的参数会被保留下来

x=1:255;y=rand(1,255);y=y\';%y是行向量还是列向量都无所谓

n=length(x);

stem(x,y, \'Marker\', \'none\');

title(\'未设置坐标轴的区间\',\'fontsize\',14);

 

% 坐标轴区间的自动设置(适用于直方图的显示)

% Get x/y limits of axes using axis

hist_axes = gca;

limits = axis(hist_axes);

if n ~= 1 %当只有一个值时设置x坐标轴

limits(1) = min(x);

else

limits(1) = 0;

end

limits(2) = max(x);

var = sqrt(y\'*y/length(y));

limits(4) = 2*var; % 只改变了y轴显示的高度

axis(hist_axes,limits);

title(\'设置了的坐标轴区间\',\'fontsize\',14);

 

% 改变图像的位置,宽和高,隐藏X轴的标注

% In GUIDE, default axes units are characters. In order for axes repositiong

% to behave properly, units need to be normalized.

hist_axes_units_old = get(hist_axes,\'units\');

set(hist_axes,\'Units\',\'Normalized\');

 

% 隐藏X轴的标注

% hist_axes.XAxis.Visible = \'off\';

% 上面一句也可以隐藏Ticks,同时Box的上端也隐藏了,这就使得图像看上去不太好看

% 下面这一句可以只隐藏Ticks;

hist_axes.XTick= [];

 

% Get axis position and make room for others.

pos = get(hist_axes,\'pos\');

set(hist_axes,\'pos\',[pos(1) 0.15 pos(3) 0.75])

set(hist_axes,\'Units\',hist_axes_units_old); % 坐标向上移动了,相应也调整了整个图众向比例

title(\'移动了的坐标原点\',\'fontsize\',14);

 

% 设置ColorBar

c = colorbar(\'position\',[pos(1) 0.1 pos(3) 0.05], \'location\',\'southoutside\');

c.Ticks= 0:0.125:1;

c.TickLabels = ceil((0:0.125:1)*255); % 使用floor函数,Ticks与真实值似乎有偏差

c.Box = \'off\'; % 取消显示ColorBar的框框,这样使ColorBar的上框线看起来不粗

c.TickDirection = \'both\';

colormap gray;

% colorbar最左下角点的横坐标、纵坐标、宽度、高度

title(\'一个灰度统计图的绘制就完成了\',\'fontsize\',14);