WPF界面设计技巧（2）—自定义漂亮的按钮样式

时间：2024-02-15 14:03:47
 

    上次做了个很酷的不规则窗体，这次我们来弄点好看的按钮出来，此次将采用纯代码来设计按钮样式，不需要 Microsoft Expression Design 辅助了。

     

    首先打开 Microsoft Visual Studio 2008 ，新建一个WPF项目，在上面随便放几个按钮：

     

     

    然后给各个按钮设置不同的背景颜色：

     

     

    设置好之后就是这样啦：

     

     

    然后我们就开始在 App.xaml 文件中定义按钮样式了：

     

     

    定义的样式代码如下：

     

    Code

     

    看了先不要头大，我们先看看最终效果，然后回过头来再解释代码：

     

     

    这是常规样式

     

     

    这个是鼠标移到上面时的样式

     

     

     

    这个是鼠标点击时的样式

     

     

    还有就是按钮失效时的样式

     

     

    效果还算不错吧，下面来讲解代码喽，头晕的同学可以现在就收拾东西回家了哈。

     

     

    我们先来看这个命名为“back”的 Border 元素，它用它的 Background 属性充当了整个按钮的背景色。

     

     

    <Border.Background>
                                        <LinearGradientBrush StartPoint="0,0" EndPoint="0,1.5">
                                            <GradientBrush.GradientStops>
                                                <GradientStopCollection>
                                                    <GradientStop Color="{Binding RelativeSource={RelativeSource TemplatedParent}, Path=(Button.Background).(SolidColorBrush.Color)}" Offset="0"/>
                                                    <GradientStop Color="{Binding RelativeSource={RelativeSource TemplatedParent}, Path=(Button.Background).(SolidColorBrush.Color)}" Offset="0.4"/>
                                                    <GradientStop Color="#FFF" Offset="1"/>
                                                </GradientStopCollection>
                                            </GradientBrush.GradientStops>
                                        </LinearGradientBrush>
                                    </Border.Background>

     

    其背景所用的是一个渐变笔刷，起始值和中间值都是引用的按钮本身的背景色，就是我们之前设置过的颜色啦，终止值是白色，这样通过位置调整，我们可以在按钮最下部产生一些向白色的过度色彩效果。

     

     

    <Border.BitmapEffect>
                                        <OuterGlowBitmapEffect Opacity="0.7" GlowSize="0" GlowColor="{Binding RelativeSource={RelativeSource TemplatedParent}, Path=(Button.Background).(SolidColorBrush.Color)}" />
                                    </Border.BitmapEffect>

     

    它的 BitmapEffect 属性我们设置了一个大小为 0 的外发光效果，平常是看不见这效果的，在这里预先设置好，是为了在鼠标移入、按下时实现动画使用。

     

     

    再来看看这个命名为“fore”的 Border 元素，它实现的是按钮的边框和高亮反光效果，我为它设置了一个半透明的黑色1像素边框，使得这个边框的色彩可以和背景色混合起来。

     

     

                                    <Border.Background>
                                            <LinearGradientBrush StartPoint="0,0" EndPoint="0,1">
                                                <GradientBrush.GradientStops>
                                                    <GradientStopCollection>
                                                        <GradientStop Color="#6FFF" Offset="0.5"/>
                                                        <GradientStop Color="#1111" Offset="0.51"/>
                                                    </GradientStopCollection>
                                                </GradientBrush.GradientStops>
                                            </LinearGradientBrush>
                                        </Border.Background>

     

    它的背景同样采用的渐变笔刷，起始值和终止值的位置几乎贴在一起，从而形成比较鲜明的反光度对比。

     

     

    ContentPresenter 元素用于呈现按钮原本的内容，对于按钮来说就是按钮上的文字了，当然也可能会存在图片或其它东西。

     

     

                                        <ContentPresenter.BitmapEffect>
                                                <DropShadowBitmapEffect Color="#000" Direction="-90" ShadowDepth="2" Softness="0.1" Opacity="0.3" />
                                            </ContentPresenter.BitmapEffect>

     

    我为之加了一个不太明显的阴影滤镜以增强显示效果。

     

     

    剩下的就是些可爱又该死的 Trigger ，我们通过这些触发器来改变按钮在不同状态时的外观。

     

     

                                <!--鼠标移入移出-->
                                    <Trigger Property="IsMouseOver" Value="True">
                                        <Trigger.EnterActions>
                                            <BeginStoryboard>
                                                <Storyboard>
                                                    <DoubleAnimation To="6" Duration="0:0:0.2" Storyboard.TargetName="back" Storyboard.TargetProperty="(Border.BitmapEffect).(OuterGlowBitmapEffect.GlowSize)" />
                                                    <ColorAnimation To="#AFFF" BeginTime="0:0:0.2" Duration="0:0:0.2" Storyboard.TargetName="fore" Storyboard.TargetProperty="(Border.Background).(LinearGradientBrush.GradientStops)[0].(GradientStop.Color)" />
                                                    <ColorAnimation To="#3FFF" BeginTime="0:0:0.2" Duration="0:0:0.2" Storyboard.TargetName="fore" Storyboard.TargetProperty="(Border.Background).(LinearGradientBrush.GradientStops)[1].(GradientStop.Color)" />
                                                </Storyboard>
                                            </BeginStoryboard>
                                        </Trigger.EnterActions>
                                        <Trigger.ExitActions>
                                            <BeginStoryboard>
                                                <Storyboard>
                                                    <DoubleAnimation Duration="0:0:0.2" Storyboard.TargetName="back" Storyboard.TargetProperty="(Border.BitmapEffect).(OuterGlowBitmapEffect.GlowSize)" />
                                                    <ColorAnimation Duration="0:0:0.2" Storyboard.TargetName="fore" Storyboard.TargetProperty="(Border.Background).(LinearGradientBrush.GradientStops)[0].(GradientStop.Color)" />
                                                    <ColorAnimation Duration="0:0:0.2" Storyboard.TargetName="fore" Storyboard.TargetProperty="(Border.Background).(LinearGradientBrush.GradientStops)[1].(GradientStop.Color)" />
                                                </Storyboard>
                                            </BeginStoryboard>
                                        </Trigger.ExitActions>
                                    </Trigger>

     

    在鼠标移入按钮时，我依次创建了改变外发光效果大小、改变上部反光区域颜色、改变下部反光区域颜色的动画，这里的要点就在于“Storyboard.TargetProperty="(Border.Background).(LinearGradientBrush.GradientStops)[1].(GradientStop.Color)"”属性设置语句，琢磨一下你就能看出这是对属性路径的描述，只不过它们写起来和看起来都很让人生气。

     

     

                                <!--按钮按下弹起-->
                                    <Trigger Property="IsPressed" Value="True">
                                        <Trigger.EnterActions>
                                            <BeginStoryboard>
                                                <Storyboard>
                                                    <DoubleAnimation To="3" Duration="0:0:0.1" Storyboard.TargetName="back" Storyboard.TargetProperty="(Border.BitmapEffect).(OuterGlowBitmapEffect.GlowSize)" />
                                                    <ColorAnimation To="#3AAA" Duration="0:0:0.1" Storyboard.TargetName="fore" Storyboard.TargetProperty="(Border.Background).(LinearGradientBrush.GradientStops)[0].(GradientStop.Color)" />
                                                    <ColorAnimation To="#2111" Duration="0:0:0.1" Storyboard.TargetName="fore" Storyboard.TargetProperty="(Border.Background).(LinearGradientBrush.GradientStops)[1].(GradientStop.Color)" />
                                                </Storyboard>
                                            </BeginStoryboard>
                                        </Trigger.EnterActions>
                                        <Trigger.ExitActions>
                                            <BeginStoryboard>
                                                <Storyboard>
                                                    <DoubleAnimation Duration="0:0:0.1" Storyboard.TargetName="back" Storyboard.TargetProperty="(Border.BitmapEffect).(OuterGlowBitmapEffect.GlowSize)" />
                                                    <ColorAnimation Duration="0:0:0.1" Storyboard.TargetName="fore" Storyboard.TargetProperty="(Border.Background).(LinearGradientBrush.GradientStops)[0].(GradientStop.Color)" />
                                                    <ColorAnimation Duration="0:0:0.1" Storyboard.TargetName="fore" Storyboard.TargetProperty="(Border.Background).(LinearGradientBrush.GradientStops)[1].(GradientStop.Color)" />
                                                </Storyboard>
                                            </BeginStoryboard>
                                        </Trigger.ExitActions>
                                    </Trigger>

     

    按下和弹起按钮时，我们做了相似的动画改变，与前面相比只是数值略微不同。

     

     

                                <!--按钮失效-->
                                    <Trigger Property="IsEnabled" Value="False">
                                        <Setter Property="Foreground" Value="#B444"/>
                                        <Trigger.EnterActions>
                                            <BeginStoryboard>
                                                <Storyboard>
                                                    <DoubleAnimation To="0" Duration="0:0:0.3" Storyboard.TargetName="back" Storyboard.TargetProperty="(Border.BitmapEffect).(OuterGlowBitmapEffect.GlowSize)" />
                                                    <DoubleAnimation To="1" Duration="0:0:0.1" Storyboard.TargetName="content" Storyboard.TargetProperty="(ContentPresenter.BitmapEffect).(DropShadowBitmapEffect.Opacity)" />
                                                    <DoubleAnimation To="-135" Duration="0:0:0.1" Storyboard.TargetName="content" Storyboard.TargetProperty="(ContentPresenter.BitmapEffect).(DropShadowBitmapEffect.Direction)" />
                                                    <ColorAnimation To="#FFF" Duration="0:0:0.3" Storyboard.TargetName="content" Storyboard.TargetProperty="(ContentPresenter.BitmapEffect).(DropShadowBitmapEffect.Color)" />
                                                    <ColorAnimation To="#D555" Duration="0:0:0.3" Storyboard.TargetName="fore" Storyboard.TargetProperty="(Border.BorderBrush).(SolidColorBrush.Color)" />
                                                    <ColorAnimation To="#CEEE" Duration="0:0:0.3" Storyboard.TargetName="fore" Storyboard.TargetProperty="(Border.Background).(LinearGradientBrush.GradientStops)[0].(GradientStop.Color)" />
                                                    <ColorAnimation To="#CDDD" Duration="0:0:0.3" Storyboard.TargetName="fore" Storyboard.TargetProperty="(Border.Background).(LinearGradientBrush.GradientStops)[1].(GradientStop.Color)" />
                                                </Storyboard>
                                            </BeginStoryboard>
                                        </Trigger.EnterActions>
                                        <Trigger.ExitActions>
                                            <BeginStoryboard>
                                                <Storyboard>
                                                    <DoubleAnimation Duration="0:0:0.1" Storyboard.TargetName="back" Storyboard.TargetProperty="(Border.BitmapEffect).(OuterGlowBitmapEffect.GlowSize)" />
                                                    <DoubleAnimation Duration="0:0:0.1" Storyboard.TargetName="content" Storyboard.TargetProperty="(ContentPresenter.BitmapEffect).(DropShadowBitmapEffect.Opacity)" />
                                                    <DoubleAnimation Duration="0:0:0.1" Storyboard.TargetName="content" Storyboard.TargetProperty="(ContentPresenter.BitmapEffect).(DropShadowBitmapEffect.Direction)" />
                                                    <ColorAnimation Duration="0:0:0.1" Storyboard.TargetName="content" Storyboard.TargetProperty="(ContentPresenter.BitmapEffect).(DropShadowBitmapEffect.Color)" />
                                                    <ColorAnimation Duration="0:0:0.1" Storyboard.TargetName="fore" Storyboard.TargetProperty="(Border.BorderBrush).(SolidColorBrush.Color)" />
                                                    <ColorAnimation Duration="0:0:0.1" Storyboard.TargetName="fore" Storyboard.TargetProperty="(Border.Background).(LinearGradientBrush.GradientStops)[0].(GradientStop.Color)" />
                                                    <ColorAnimation Duration="0:0:0.1" Storyboard.TargetName="fore" Storyboard.TargetProperty="(Border.Background).(LinearGradientBrush.GradientStops)[1].(GradientStop.Color)" />
                                                </Storyboard>
                                            </BeginStoryboard>
                                        </Trigger.ExitActions>
                                    </Trigger>

     

    当按钮失效时，我要改变很多东西，首先将文字颜色设为灰色，然后依次创建了改变外发光效果大小、改变内容阴影效果不透明度、改变内容阴影效果角度、改变内容阴影效果颜色、改变按钮边框颜色、改变上部反光区域颜色、改变下部反光区域颜色的动画。

     

    这里将先前对内容应用的阴影效果彻底改变，使之产生凹陷的效果。

     

     

    好了，到这里就下课啦，文章有点冗长了，但应该对新手很有帮助，老鸟估计现在已经梦游仙境了吧。

     

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