一、背景
本文章主要是分享如何使用Python从MySQL数据库中面抽取试题，生成的试卷每一份都不一样。
二、准备工作
1.安装Python3
下载地址：https://www.python.org/downloads/windows/
2.安装库
pip install python-docx==0.8.10
pip install PyMySQL==1.0.2
3.试题库.xlsx
开发程序前需要先收集试题，本文是将试题收集存放MySQL数据库中，格式如下：
选择题数据库截图：
填空题/解答题/综合题数据库截图：
三、代码
Python+MySQL随机试卷及答案生成程序.py
# _*_ coding:utf-8 _*_ import random,os,pymysql from docx import Document from docx.shared import Inches,Pt from docx.enum.text import WD_ALIGN_PARAGRAPH,WD_LINE_SPACING from docx.oxml.ns import qn from docx.shared import Inches class SunckSql(): def __init__(self, host, user, passwd, dbName=\'\', charset=\'utf8\'): self.host = host self.user = user self.passwd = passwd self.dbName = dbName self.charset = charset def connet(self): self.db = pymysql.connect(host=self.host, user=self.user, passwd=self.passwd, db=self.dbName, charset=self.charset) # 连接数据库 self.cursor = self.db.cursor() # 获取操作游标 def close(self): self.cursor.close() # 释放游标 self.db.close() # 关闭数据库连接 # 查询 def get_all(self, sql): res = None try: self.connet() self.cursor.execute(sql) # 执行sql语句 res = self.cursor.fetchall() # 返回查询所有结果 except Exception as e: print(\'查询失败:%s\' % e) finally: self.close() return res # 增加、删除、修改 def shell_sql(self, sql): "执行sql语句" print(sql) count = 0 try: self.connet() count = self.cursor.execute(sql) # 执行sql语句 self.db.commit() # 提交 except Exception as e: print(\'事务提交失败:%s\' % e) self.db.rollback() # 如果提交失败，回滚到上一次数据 finally: self.close() return count def router_docx(choice1=\'\', choice2=\'\', choice3=\'\', choice5=\'\', choice6=\'\', choice7=\'\',paper_path=\'\',name=\'1\'): "生成网络通信方向试题及答案" docx1 = Document() docx2 = Document() docx1.styles[\'Normal\'].font.name = \'宋体\' #选择字体 docx1.styles[\'Normal\']._element.rPr.rFonts.set(qn(\'w:eastAsia\'), \'宋体\') #默认字体 docx1.styles[\'Normal\'].font.size = Pt(11) #默认字号大小 docx1.styles[\'Normal\'].paragraph_format.space_before = Pt(0) #默认段前间距 docx1.styles[\'Normal\'].paragraph_format.space_after = Pt(0) #默认段后间距 docx1.styles[\'Normal\'].paragraph_format.line_spacing_rule = WD_LINE_SPACING.ONE_POINT_FIVE #默认单倍行距 sec = docx1.sections[0] # sections对应文档中的“节” sec.left_margin = Inches(1) # 设置左页面边距 sec.right_margin = Inches(1) #设置右页面边距 sec.top_margin = Inches(0.5) # 设置上页面边距 sec.bottom_margin = Inches(0.5) #设置下页面边距 p=docx1.add_paragraph() #添加段落 run = p.add_run(\'软件测试(网络通信)方向试题(%s)\' % name) #使用add_run添加文字 run.font.name = \'微软雅黑\' #设置字体 run._element.rPr.rFonts.set(qn(\'w:eastAsia\'), \'微软雅黑\') #设置字体 run.font.size = Pt(18) #字体大小设置 p.paragraph_format.alignment = WD_ALIGN_PARAGRAPH.CENTER #段落文字居中设置 docx1.add_paragraph(\'【说明】\') # 添加段落文字 docx1.add_paragraph(\'1.笔试时间为60分钟。\') docx1.add_paragraph(\'2.请将答案写在答题卡上,且不允许在试题卷上做任何涂写和标记。\') q=docx2.add_paragraph() #添加段落 run = q.add_run(\'软件测试(网络通信)方向试题答案(%s)\' % name) #使用add_run添加文字 run.font.name = \'微软雅黑\' #设置字体 run._element.rPr.rFonts.set(qn(\'w:eastAsia\'), \'微软雅黑\') #设置字体 run.font.size = Pt(18) #字体大小设置 q.paragraph_format.alignment = WD_ALIGN_PARAGRAPH.CENTER #段落文字居中设置 p1 = docx1.add_paragraph() p1.paragraph_format.space_before = Pt(12) #设置段前间距 docx2.add_paragraph(\'一、选择题\') run = p1.add_run(\'一、选择题（每题3分共45分）\') run.bold = True # 字体加粗 list1=random.sample(range(0,len(choice1)-1),3) #len范围内获取指定的数量 x=1 for y in list1: docx1.add_paragraph(str(x)+\'、\'+choice1[y][1]) docx1.add_paragraph(choice1[y][2]) docx1.add_paragraph(choice1[y][3]) docx1.add_paragraph(choice1[y][4]) p11=docx1.add_paragraph(choice1[y][5]) p11.paragraph_format.space_after = Pt(12) #段后间距 docx2.add_paragraph(str(x)+\'、\'+choice1[y][6]) x+=1 list2=random.sample(range(0,len(choice2)-1),7) x=1 for y in list2: docx1.add_paragraph(str(x+3)+\'、\'+choice2[y][1]) docx1.add_paragraph(choice2[y][2]) docx1.add_paragraph(choice2[y][3]) docx1.add_paragraph(choice2[y][4]) p11=docx1.add_paragraph(choice2[y][5]) p11.paragraph_format.space_after = Pt(12) docx2.add_paragraph(str(x+3)+\'、\'+choice2[y][6]) x+=1 list3=random.sample(range(0,len(choice3)-1),5) x=1 for y in list3: docx1.add_paragraph(str(x+10)+\'、\'+choice3[y][1]) docx1.add_paragraph(choice3[y][2]) docx1.add_paragraph(choice3[y][3]) docx1.add_paragraph(choice3[y][4]) p11=docx1.add_paragraph(choice3[y][5]) p11.paragraph_format.space_after = Pt(12) docx2.add_paragraph(str(x+10)+\'、\'+choice3[y][6]) x+=1 p2 = docx1.add_paragraph() p2.paragraph_format.space_before = Pt(12) docx2.add_paragraph(\'二、填空题\') run = p2.add_run(\'二、填空题（每题3分，共15分）\') run.bold = True list2 = random.sample(range(0, len(choice5)-1), 5) i = 1 for j in list2: docx1.add_paragraph(str(i) + \'、\' + choice5[j][1]) docx2.add_paragraph(str(i) + \'、\' + str(choice5[j][2])) i += 1 p3 = docx1.add_paragraph() p3.paragraph_format.space_before = Pt(12) docx2.add_paragraph(\'三、简答题\') run = p3.add_run(\'三、简答题（每题10分，共20分）\') run.bold = True list3 = random.sample(range(0, len(choice6)-1), 2) n = 1 for m in list3: docx1.add_paragraph(str(n) + \'、\' + choice6[m][1]) docx1.add_paragraph(\'\r\') docx2.add_paragraph(str(n) + \'、\' + choice6[m][2]) n += 1 p4 = docx1.add_paragraph() p4.paragraph_format.space_before = Pt(12) docx2.add_paragraph(\'四、综合题\') run = p4.add_run(\'四、综合题（共20分）\') run.bold = True list4 = random.randint(0, len(choice7)-1) docx1.add_paragraph(\'1、\' + choice7[list4][1]) docx2.add_paragraph(choice7[list4][2]) docx1.save(os.path.join(paper_path, \'网络通信试题(%s).docx\' % name)) #保存试题 docx2.save(os.path.join(paper_path, \'网络通信试题答案(%s).docx\' % name)) #保存答案 def android_docx(choice1, choice2, choice4, choice5, choice6, choice8,paper_path,name): """生成智能终端方向的试题""" docx1 = Document() docx2 = Document() docx1.styles[\'Normal\'].font.name = \'宋体\' #选择字体 docx1.styles[\'Normal\']._element.rPr.rFonts.set(qn(\'w:eastAsia\'), \'宋体\') #默认字体 docx1.styles[\'Normal\'].font.size = Pt(11) #默认字号大小 docx1.styles[\'Normal\'].paragraph_format.space_before = Pt(0) #默认段前间距 docx1.styles[\'Normal\'].paragraph_format.space_after = Pt(0) #默认段后间距 docx1.styles[\'Normal\'].paragraph_format.line_spacing_rule = WD_LINE_SPACING.ONE_POINT_FIVE #默认单倍行距 sec = docx1.sections[0] # sections对应文档中的“节” sec.left_margin = Inches(1) # 设置左页面边距 sec.right_margin = Inches(1) #设置右页面边距 sec.top_margin = Inches(0.5) # 设置上页面边距 sec.bottom_margin = Inches(0.5) #设置下页面边距 p=docx1.add_paragraph() #添加段落 run = p.add_run(\'软件测试(智能终端)方向试题(%s)\' % name) #使用add_run添加文字 run.font.name = \'微软雅黑\' #设置字体 run._element.rPr.rFonts.set(qn(\'w:eastAsia\'), \'微软雅黑\') #设置字体 run.font.size = Pt(18) #字体大小设置 p.paragraph_format.alignment = WD_ALIGN_PARAGRAPH.CENTER #段落文字居中设置 docx1.add_paragraph(\'【说明】\') # 添加段落文字 docx1.add_paragraph(\'1.笔试时间为60分钟。\') docx1.add_paragraph(\'2.请将答案写在答题卡上,且不允许在试题卷上做任何涂写和标记。\') q = docx2.add_paragraph() # 添加段落 run = q.add_run(\'软件测试(智能终端)方向试题答案(%s)\' % name) # 使用add_run添加文字 run.font.name = \'微软雅黑\' # 设置字体 run._element.rPr.rFonts.set(qn(\'w:eastAsia\'), \'微软雅黑\') # 设置字体 run.font.size = Pt(18) # 字体大小设置 q.paragraph_format.alignment = WD_ALIGN_PARAGRAPH.CENTER # 段落文字居中设置 p1 = docx1.add_paragraph() p1.paragraph_format.space_before = Pt(12) #设置段前间距 docx2.add_paragraph(\'一、选择题\') run = p1.add_run(\'一、选择题（每题3分共45分）\') run.bold = True # 字体加粗 list1=random.sample(range(0,len(choice1)-1),3) x=1 for y in list1: docx1.add_paragraph(str(x)+\'、\'+choice1[y][1]) docx1.add_paragraph(choice1[y][2]) docx1.add_paragraph(choice1[y][3]) docx1.add_paragraph(choice1[y][4]) p11=docx1.add_paragraph(choice1[y][5]) p11.paragraph_format.space_after = Pt(12) #段后间距 docx2.add_paragraph(str(x)+\'、\'+choice1[y][6]) x+=1 list2=random.sample(range(0,len(choice2)-1),7) x=1 for y in list2: docx1.add_paragraph(str(x+3)+\'、\'+choice2[y][1]) docx1.add_paragraph(choice2[y][2]) docx1.add_paragraph(choice2[y][3]) docx1.add_paragraph(choice2[y][4]) p11=docx1.add_paragraph(choice2[y][5]) p11.paragraph_format.space_after = Pt(12) docx2.add_paragraph(str(x+3)+\'、\'+choice2[y][6]) x+=1 list3=random.sample(range(0,len(choice4)-1),5) x=1 for y in list3: docx1.add_paragraph(str(x+10)+\'、\'+choice4[y][1]) docx1.add_paragraph(choice4[y][2]) docx1.add_paragraph(choice4[y][3]) docx1.add_paragraph(choice4[y][4]) p11=docx1.add_paragraph(choice4[y][5]) p11.paragraph_format.space_after = Pt(12) docx2.add_paragraph(str(x+10)+\'、\'+choice4[y][6]) x+=1 p2 = docx1.add_paragraph() p2.paragraph_format.space_before = Pt(12) docx2.add_paragraph(\'二、填空题\') run = p2.add_run(\'二、填空题（每题3分，共15分）\') run.bold = True list2 = random.sample(range(0, len(choice5)-1), 5) i = 1 for j in list2: docx1.add_paragraph(str(i) + \'、\' + choice5[j][1]) docx2.add_paragraph(str(i) + \'、\' + str(choice5[j][2])) i += 1 p3 = docx1.add_paragraph() p3.paragraph_format.space_before = Pt(12) docx2.add_paragraph(\'三、简答题\') run = p3.add_run(\'三、简答题（每题10分，共20分）\') run.bold = True list3 = random.sample(range(0, len(choice6)-1), 2) n = 1 for m in list3: docx1.add_paragraph(str(n) + \'、\' + choice6[m][1]) docx1.add_paragraph(\'\r\') docx2.add_paragraph(str(n) + \'、\' + choice6[m][2]) n += 1 p4 = docx1.add_paragraph() p4.paragraph_format.space_before = Pt(12) docx2.add_paragraph(\'四、综合题\') run = p4.add_run(\'四、综合题（共20分）\') run.bold = True list4 = random.randint(0, len(choice8)-1) docx1.add_paragraph(\'1、\' + choice8[list4][1]) docx2.add_paragraph(choice8[list4][2]) docx1.save(os.path.join(paper_path, \'智能终端试题(%s).docx\' % name)) docx2.save(os.path.join(paper_path, \'智能终端试题答案(%s).docx\' % name)) def main(ip,name,passwd,db_name): paper_path = os.path.join(os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__)), \'试卷\') #试卷存放路径 if not os.path.exists(paper_path): os.mkdir(paper_path) #创建试卷文件夹 my = SunckSql(ip,name,passwd,db_name) #连接数据库 choice1 = my.get_all("select * from %s" % \'计算机基础选择题\') #查询数据库中的试题 choice2 = my.get_all("select * from %s" % \'测试基础选择题\') choice3 = my.get_all("select * from %s" % \'网络通信选择题\') choice4 = my.get_all("select * from %s" % \'智能终端选择题\') choice5 = my.get_all("select * from %s" % \'填空题\') choice6 = my.get_all("select * from %s" % \'简答题\') choice7 = my.get_all("select * from %s" % \'网络通信综合题\') choice8 = my.get_all("select * from %s" % \'智能终端综合题\') for i in range(1,4): #同时生成3份试卷及答案 router_docx(choice1, choice2, choice3, choice5, choice6, choice7, paper_path, i) android_docx(choice1, choice2, choice4, choice5, choice6, choice8, paper_path, i) if __name__ == "__main__": main(ip=\'数据库ip地址\', name=\'mysql账号\', passwd=\'mysql密码\', db_name=\'软件测试试题库\')
