AI-动物识别
一、实验目的
1. 理解产生式系统的结构原理与实际应用。
2. 掌握产生式规则表示及规则库组建的实现方法。
3. 熟悉和掌握产生式系统的运行机制，掌握基于规则推理的基本方法。
二、实验原理
产生式系统用来描述若干个不同的以一个基本概念为基础的系统，这个基本概念就是产生式规则或产生式条件和操作对。在产生式系统中，论域的知识分为两部分：用事实表示静态知识；用产生式规则表示推理过程和行为
1.实验要求
运用所学知识，设计并编程一个小型的动物识别系统，识别对象：虎、金钱豹、斑马、长颈鹿、鸵鸟、企鹅、信天翁 七种动物
2.识别规则库
R1: 有毛(1) --> 哺乳动物(12)
R2: 有奶(2) --> 哺乳动物(12)
R3: 有羽毛(3) --> 鸟类(13)
R4: 会飞(4) & 会下蛋 --> 鸟类(13)
R5: 吃肉(6) --> 食肉动物(14)
R6: 犬齿(7) & 有爪(8) & 盯前方(9) --> 食肉动物(14)
R7: 哺乳动物(12) & 有蹄(10) --> 有蹄类动物(15)
R8: 哺乳动物(12) & 反刍(11) --> 有蹄类动物(15)
R9: 哺乳动物(12) & 食肉动物(14) & 黄褐色(16) & 暗斑点(17) --> 金钱豹(a)
R10: 哺乳动物(12) & 食肉动物(14) & 黄褐色(16) & 黑色条纹(18) --> 虎(b)
R11: 有蹄类动物(15) & 长脖(19) & 长腿(20) & 暗斑色(17) --> 长颈鹿(c)
R12: 有蹄类动物(15) & 黑色条纹(18) & --> 斑马(d)
R13: 鸟类(13) & 长脖(19) & 长腿(20) & 不会飞(21) & 黑白两色(22) --> 鸵鸟(e)
R14: 鸟类(13) & 会游泳(23) & 不会飞(21) & 黑白二色(22) --> 企鹅(f)
R15: 鸟类(13) & 善飞(24) --> 信天翁(g)
以上为：动物识别规则的15条规则，已编码
3.思路分析
-
第一次编写时：采用的是，条件对应原则，每个条件对应的动物做一个集合，多个条件集合取交集，得到对应动物。方法-错误×，未使用该15条规则，推理而得。
如：当选择 条件不会飞 和 会飞时，集合方式无法推理出结果， - 会飞 && 会下蛋 --> 鸟类 - 鸟类 && 不会飞 && 会游泳 && 黑白二色 --> 企鹅 + 输入条件： - 会飞 && 会下蛋 && 不会飞 && 会游泳 && 黑白二色 -×-> 企鹅 -
改版，版本2.0，重新设计对应方式：
通过两个数组： - two1 = [] // 存放单击选择的条件 - three = [] // 初始值为 13个 0 组成的数组 1. 遍历 选择的条件数组： two1[] 2. 将拿到的数组结果，依次 if 判断， 如： - 有羽毛(3) 则 将 three 的three[1] = 13 - 依次类推 3. 最后拿到结果：three[] 数组，满足对应条件，而重新赋值的数组，进行判断： 如：信天翁判断 - if ( this.three[1] == 13 && this.three[12] == 24 && this.three[0] == 0 && this.three[2] == 0 && this.three[3] == 0 && this.three[4] == 0 && this.three[5] == 0 && this.three[6] == 0 && this.three[7] == 0 && this.three[8] == 0 && this.three[9] == 0 && this.three[10] == 0 && this.three[11] == 0 ) - 则为 ：信天翁
三、实验内容
1. 实验要求
- 实现可以输入任何的事实，并基于原有的规则和输入的事实进行推理
2.遍历-数组规则
-
由点击传入 two1 数组 的值，为 three数组 赋值
/* 遍历所有的规则，得到最好结果 */ for (let i = 0;i<cond.length;i++){ // 有毛 || 有奶 ---> 哺乳animal if (cond[i] == 1) this.three[0]=12 if (cond[i] == 2) this.three[0]=12 // 有羽毛 || （会飞&会下蛋） ---> 鸟 if (cond[i] == 3) this.three[1]=13 if (cond[i] == 4) { this.three[1] = 1 for (let n=0;n<cond.length;n++){ if (cond[n] == 5){ this.three[1]=13 } } } if (cond[i] == 5) { this.three[1] = 1 for (let n=0;n<cond.length;n++){ if (cond[n] == 4){ this.three[1]=13 } } } // 吃肉 || （犬齿 & 有爪 & 盯前方） ----> 食肉animal if (cond[i] == 6) this.three[2]=14 if (cond[i] == 7) { this.three[2] = 4 for (let n = 0; n < cond.length; n++) { if (cond[n] == 8) { this.three[2] = 4 for (let m = 0; m < cond.length; m++) { if (cond[m] == 9) { this.three[2] = 14 console.log("循环次数：") break } } break }else if (cond[n] == 9){ this.three[2] = 4 for (let m = 0; m < cond.length; m++) { if (cond[m] == 8) { this.three[2] = 14 break } } break } } } if (cond[i] == 8) { this.three[2] = 4 for (let n = 0; n < cond.length; n++) { if (cond[n] == 7) { this.three[2] = 4 for (let m = 0; m < cond.length; m++) { if (cond[m] == 9) { this.three[2] = 14 break } } break } else if (cond[n] == 9) { this.three[2] = 4 for (let m = 0; m < cond.length; m++) { if (cond[m] == 7) { this.three[2] = 14 break } } break } } } if (cond[i] == 9) { this.three[2] = 4 for (let n = 0; n < cond.length; n++) { if (cond[n] == 7) { this.three[2] = 4 for (let m = 0; m < cond.length; m++) { if (cond[m] == 8) { this.three[2] = 14 break } } break } else if (cond[n] == 8) { this.three[2] = 4 for (let m = 0; m < cond.length; m++) { if (cond[m] == 7) { this.three[2] = 14 break } } break } } } // （哺乳 & 有蹄）|| （哺乳 & 反刍） ---> 有蹄类动物 if (this.three[0] == 12 && cond[i] == 10) this.three[3]=15 if (this.three[0] == 12 && cond[i] == 11) this.three[3]=15 // 以下是，判断是什么动物 // 黄褐色 if (cond[i] == 16) this.three[4]=16 // 暗斑色 if (cond[i] == 17) this.three[5]=17 // 黑色条纹 if (cond[i] == 18) this.three[6]=18 // 长脖 if (cond[i] == 19) this.three[7]=19 // 长腿 if (cond[i] == 20) this.three[8]=20 // 不会飞 if (cond[i] == 21) this.three[9]=21 // 黑白两色 if (cond[i] == 22) this.three[10]=22 // 会游泳 if (cond[i] == 23) this.three[11]=23 // 善飞 if (cond[i] == 24) this.three[12]=24 }
四、实验过程
1.源代码
<template>
<div>
<h2>以下是：版本2.0</h2>
<!-- 按钮区域 -->
<div class="change">
<button @click="onclick1(1)">有毛</button>
<button @click="onclick1(2)">有奶</button>
<button @click="onclick1(3)">有羽毛</button>
<button @click="onclick1(4)">会飞</button>
<button @click="onclick1(5)">会下蛋</button>
<button @click="onclick1(6)">吃肉</button>
<br/>
<button @click="onclick1(7)">犬齿</button>
<button @click="onclick1(8)">有爪</button>
<button @click="onclick1(9)">盯前方</button>
<button @click="onclick1(10)">有蹄</button>
<button @click="onclick1(11)">反刍</button>
<button @click="onclick1(16)">黄褐色</button>
<button @click="onclick1(17)">暗斑色</button>
<br/>
<button @click="onclick1(18)">黑色条纹</button>
<button @click="onclick1(19)">长脖子</button>
<button @click="onclick1(20)">长腿</button>
<button @click="onclick1(21)">不会飞</button>
<button @click="onclick1(22)">黑白</button>
<button @click="onclick1(23)">会游泳</button>
<button @click="onclick1(24)">善飞</button>
</div>
<br>
<br>
<div>
<!--确定按钮-->
<button @click="ruleAnimal()">确定</button>
<button @click="clean()">清空</button>
</div>
<br>
<br>
<!-- 2.0结果输出区 -->
<div>
<h4>{{this.overChoose}}</h4>
<h3>{{this.animalResult1}}</h3>
<h5>{{this.three}}</h5>
</div>
</div>
</template>
<script>
import \'@/assets/less/TableExpand.less\'
import PictModal from \'./modules/PictModal\'
export default {
name: "PictList",
components: {
PictModal
},
data () {
return {
/*版本2.0*/
two1: [],
three: [],
animalResult1:\'\',
overChoose:\'\'
}
},
created() {
for (let i = 0;i<13;i++){
this.three.push(0)
}
},
methods: {
/*
* 版本2.0
* */
onclick1(e){
/* 将点击按钮后，将对应按钮的数字，push 到 two【】数组里*/
this.two1.push(e)
},
/*清空three数组*/
clean(){
this.three = []
this.two1 = []
for (let i = 0;i<13;i++){
this.three.push(0)
}
},
ruleAnimal(){
console.log("输出已经选择的条件编码："+this.two1)
for (let i = 0;i<this.two1.length;i++){
if (this.two1[i] == 1){
console.log("有毛")
}else if (this.two1[i] == 2){
console.log("有奶")
}else if (this.two1[i] == 3){
console.log("有羽毛")
}else if (this.two1[i] == 4){
console.log("会飞")
}else if (this.two1[i] == 5){
console.log("会下蛋")
}else if (this.two1[i] == 6){
console.log("吃肉")
}else if (this.two1[i] == 7){
console.log("犬齿")
}else if (this.two1[i] == 8){
console.log("有爪")
}else if (this.two1[i] == 9){
console.log("盯前方")
}else if (this.two1[i] == 10){
console.log("有蹄")
}else if (this.two1[i] == 11){
console.log("反刍")
}else if (this.two1[i] == 16){
console.log("黄褐色")
}else if (this.two1[i] == 17){
console.log("暗斑色")
}else if (this.two1[i] == 18){
console.log("黑色条纹")
}else if (this.two1[i] == 19){
console.log("长脖子")
}else if (this.two1[i] == 20){
console.log("长腿")
}else if (this.two1[i] == 21){
console.log("不会飞")
}else if (this.two1[i] == 22){
console.log("黑白")
}else if (this.two1[i] == 23){
console.log("会游泳")
}else if (this.two1[i] == 24){
console.log("善飞")
}
}
this.overChoose = this.two1
//定义一个数组变量condition：存储 this.two1
let cond = this.two1
/*
遍历所有的规则，
得到最好结果
*/
for (let i = 0;i<cond.length;i++){
// 有毛 || 有奶 ---> 哺乳animal
if (cond[i] == 1) this.three[0]=12
if (cond[i] == 2) this.three[0]=12
// 有羽毛 || （会飞&会下蛋） ---> 鸟
if (cond[i] == 3) this.three[1]=13
if (cond[i] == 4) {
this.three[1] = 1
for (let n=0;n<cond.length;n++){
if (cond[n] == 5){
this.three[1]=13
}
}
}
if (cond[i] == 5) {
this.three[1] = 1
for (let n=0;n<cond.length;n++){
if (cond[n] == 4){
this.three[1]=13
}
}
}
// 吃肉 || （犬齿 & 有爪 & 盯前方） ----> 食肉animal
if (cond[i] == 6) this.three[2]=14
if (cond[i] == 7) {
this.three[2] = 4
for (let n = 0; n < cond.length; n++) {
if (cond[n] == 8) {
this.three[2] = 4
for (let m = 0; m < cond.length; m++) {
if (cond[m] == 9) {
this.three[2] = 14
console.log("循环次数：")
break
}
}
break
}else if (cond[n] == 9){
this.three[2] = 4
for (let m = 0; m < cond.length; m++) {
if (cond[m] == 8) {
this.three[2] = 14
break
}
}
break
}
}
}
if (cond[i] == 8) {
this.three[2] = 4
for (let n = 0; n < cond.length; n++) {
if (cond[n] == 7) {
this.three[2] = 4
for (let m = 0; m < cond.length; m++) {
if (cond[m] == 9) {
this.three[2] = 14
break
}
}
break
} else if (cond[n] == 9) {
this.three[2] = 4
for (let m = 0; m < cond.length; m++) {
if (cond[m] == 7) {
this.three[2] = 14
break
}
}
break
}
}
}
if (cond[i] == 9) {
this.three[2] = 4
for (let n = 0; n < cond.length; n++) {
if (cond[n] == 7) {
this.three[2] = 4
for (let m = 0; m < cond.length; m++) {
if (cond[m] == 8) {
this.three[2] = 14
break
}
}
break
} else if (cond[n] == 8) {
this.three[2] = 4
for (let m = 0; m < cond.length; m++) {
if (cond[m] == 7) {
this.three[2] = 14
break
}
}
break
}
}
}
// （哺乳 & 有蹄）|| （哺乳 & 反刍） ---> 有蹄类动物
if (this.three[0] == 12 && cond[i] == 10) this.three[3]=15
if (this.three[0] == 12 && cond[i] == 11) this.three[3]=15
// 以下是，判断是什么动物
// 黄褐色
if (cond[i] == 16) this.three[4]=16
// 暗斑色
if (cond[i] == 17) this.three[5]=17
// 黑色条纹
if (cond[i] == 18) this.three[6]=18
// 长脖
if (cond[i] == 19) this.three[7]=19
// 长腿
if (cond[i] == 20) this.three[8]=20
// 不会飞
if (cond[i] == 21) this.three[9]=21
// 黑白两色
if (cond[i] == 22) this.three[10]=22
// 会游泳
if (cond[i] == 23) this.three[11]=23
// 善飞
if (cond[i] == 24) this.three[12]=24
}
/* 进行动物规则 判断*/
// 哺乳 & 食肉 & 黄褐色 & 暗斑色 --> 金钱豹
if (this.three[0] == 12 && this.three[2] == 14 && this.three[4] == 16 && this.three[5] == 17 &&
this.three[1] == 0 && this.three[3] == 0 && this.three[7] == 0 &&
this.three[8] == 0 && this.three[6] == 0 && this.three[9] == 0 &&
this.three[11] == 0 && this.three[12] == 0 && this.three[10] == 0){
this.animalResult1 = "金钱豹"
console.log("这里是金钱豹：")
}else if (this.three[0] == 12 && this.three[2] == 14 && this.three[4] == 16 && this.three[6] == 18 &&
this.three[1] == 0 && this.three[3] == 0 && this.three[7] == 0 &&
this.three[8] == 0 && this.three[5] == 0 && this.three[9] == 0 &&
this.three[11] == 0 && this.three[12] == 0 && this.three[10] == 0){
this.animalResult1 = "虎"
console.log("这里是虎：")
}else if (this.three[3] == 15 && this.three[7] == 19 && this.three[8] == 20 && this.three[5] == 17 && this.three[0] == 12 &&
this.three[2] == 0 && this.three[1] == 0 && this.three[4] == 0 &&
this.three[9] == 0 && this.three[6] == 0 && this.three[11] == 0 &&
this.three[12] == 0 && this.three[10] == 0){
this.animalResult1 = "长颈鹿"
console.log("这里是长颈鹿：")
}else if (this.three[3] == 15 && this.three[6] == 18 && this.three[0] == 12 &&
this.three[2] == 0 && this.three[1] == 0 &&
this.three[4] == 0 && this.three[5] == 0 && this.three[12] == 0 &&
this.three[7] == 0 && this.three[8] == 0 && this.three[9] == 0 &&
this.three[10] == 0 && this.three[11] == 0 ){
this.animalResult1 = "斑马"
console.log("这里是斑马：")
}else if (this.three[1] == 13 && this.three[7] == 19 && this.three[8] == 20 && this.three[9] == 21 && this.three[10] == 22 &&
this.three[2] == 0 && this.three[3] == 0 && this.three[4] == 0 &&
this.three[5] == 0 && this.three[6] == 0 && this.three[0] == 0 &&
this.three[11] == 0 && this.three[12] == 0
){
this.animalResult1 = "鸵鸟"
console.log("这里是鸵鸟：")
}else if (this.three[1] == 13 && this.three[11] == 23 && this.three[9] == 21 && this.three[10] ==22 &&
this.three[2] == 0 && this.three[3] == 0 && this.three[4] == 0 &&
this.three[5] == 0 && this.three[6] == 0 && this.three[7] == 0 &&
this.three[8] == 0 && this.three[12] == 0 &&
this.three[0] == 0 ){
this.animalResult1 = "企鹅"
console.log("这里是企鹅：")
}else if (this.three[1] == 13 && this.three[12] == 24 &&
this.three[0] == 0 && this.three[2] == 0 && this.three[3] == 0 &&
this.three[4] == 0 && this.three[5] == 0 && this.three[6] == 0 &&
this.three[7] == 0 && this.three[8] == 0 && this.three[9] == 0 &&
this.three[10] == 0 && this.three[11] == 0 ){
this.animalResult1 = "信天翁"
console.log("这里是信天翁：")
}else if (this.three[1] == 0 && this.three[11] == 0 && this.three[9] == 0 && this.three[10] ==0 &&
this.three[2] == 0 && this.three[3] == 0 && this.three[4] == 0 &&
this.three[5] == 0 && this.three[6] == 0 && this.three[7] == 0 &&
this.three[8] == 0 && this.three[12] == 0 &&
this.three[0] == 12 ){
this.animalResult1 = "哺乳动物"
console.log("这里是哺乳动物：")
}else if (this.three[1] == 13 && this.three[11] == 0 && this.three[9] == 0 && this.three[10] ==0 &&
this.three[2] == 0 && this.three[3] == 0 && this.three[4] == 0 &&
this.three[5] == 0 && this.three[6] == 0 && this.three[7] == 0 &&
this.three[8] == 0 && this.three[12] == 0 &&
this.three[0] == 0 ){
this.animalResult1 = "鸟类动物"
console.log("这里是鸟类动物：")
}else if (this.three[1] == 0 && this.three[11] == 0 && this.three[9] == 0 && this.three[10] ==0 &&
this.three[2] == 14 && this.three[3] == 0 && this.three[4] == 0 &&
this.three[5] == 0 && this.three[6] == 0 && this.three[7] == 0 &&
this.three[8] == 0 && this.three[12] == 0 &&
this.three[0] == 0 ){
this.animalResult1 = "食肉动物"
console.log("这里是食肉动物：")
}else if (this.three[1] == 0 && this.three[11] == 0 && this.three[9] == 0 && this.three[10] ==0 &&
this.three[2] == 0 && this.three[3] == 15 && this.three[4] == 0 &&
this.three[5] == 0 && this.three[6] == 0 && this.three[7] == 0 &&
this.three[8] == 0 && this.three[12] == 0 &&
this.three[0] == 12 ){
this.animalResult1 = "有蹄动物"
console.log("这里是有蹄动物：")
}else {
this.animalResult1 = "无法推理出何种动物"
}
},
}
}
</script>
<style scoped>
@import \'~@assets/less/common.less\';
</style>
五、实验结果
1.规则R1:
有毛(1) --> 哺乳动物(12)
2.规则R2:
有奶(2) --> 哺乳动物(12)
3. 规则R3:
R3: 有羽毛(3) --> 鸟类(13)
4.规则R4：
R4: 会飞(4) & 会下蛋 --> 鸟类(13)
5.规则R5：
R5: 吃肉(6) --> 食肉动物(14)
6.规则R6：
R6: 犬齿(7) & 有爪(8) & 盯前方(9) --> 食肉动物(14)
7.规则R7：
R7: 哺乳动物(12) & 有蹄(10) --> 有蹄类动物(15)
8.规则R8：
R8: 哺乳动物(12) & 反刍(11) --> 有蹄类动物(15)
9.规则R9:
R9: 哺乳动物(12) & 食肉动物(14) & 黄褐色(16) & 暗斑点(17) --> 金钱豹(a)
10.规则R10：
R10: 哺乳动物(12) & 食肉动物(14) & 黄褐色(16) & 黑色条纹(18) --> 虎(b)
11.规则R11：
R11: 有蹄类动物(15) & 长脖(19) & 长腿(20) & 暗斑色(17) --> 长颈鹿(c)
12.规则R12：
R12: 有蹄类动物(15) & 黑色条纹(18) & --> 斑马(d)
13.规则R13：
R13: 鸟类(13) & 长脖(19) & 长腿(20) & 不会飞(21) & 黑白两色(22) --> 鸵鸟(e)
14.规则R14：
R14: 鸟类(13) & 会游泳(23) & 不会飞(21) & 黑白二色(22) --> 企鹅(f)
15.规则R15：
R15: 鸟类(13) & 善飞(24) --> 信天翁(g)
